• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.1821-1834
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• 2017

Medium voltage control applications due to obtain better output voltage and reduced electro-magnetic interference multi level inverter is used. In closed loop control with inverter, the PI controller does not operate satisfactorily when the operating point changes. This paper presents the performance of Co-Efficient diagram PI controller based indirect vector controlled induction motor drive fed from three-level inverter under different operating conditions (dynamic and steady state). The proposed Co-Efficient diagram PI controller based three level inverter significantly reduces the torque ripple compared to that of conventional PI controller. The performance of the indirect vector controlled induction motor drive has been simulated at different operating conditions. For three-level inverter control, a simplified space vector modulation technique is implemented, which reduces the coordinate transformations complications in the algorithms. The performance parameters, torque ripple contents and THD of induction motor drive with three-level inverter is compared under different operating conditions using CDM-PI and conventional PI controllers.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.5-16
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• 1999

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of lumbosacral angle, lumbar lordosis, pelvic level and symptoms after standing lumbar traction on HIVD patients. METHOD: For this investigation standing lumbar traction was administered to 22 patient who were diagnosed of HIVD. Standing lumbar traction was given to the subject patients for 3 weeks, times a week and each standng lumbar traction lasted 25 minutes. RESULT: For lumbosacral angle statistically significant different was not found although the lumbosacral angle was normalized. For lumbar lordosis statistically significant different was not found although the lumbar lordosis angle was decreased. For pelvic level statistically significant different was not found although the pelvic level was equalized. Statistically significant improvement in symptoms was found after standing lumbar traction. There was significant correlation between lumbar lordosis and lumbosacral angle. CONCLUSION: This study was found that the influences of standing lumbar traction was to decrease symptoms than lumbosacral angle of patients with HIVD. Therefore, it is necessary that to treat the patients with HIVD applied the method to correct spine angle and pelvic level with standing lumbar traction.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.316-320
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• 2003

In order to investigate the dyeing property of poly trimethylene terephthalate(PTT) fabric, the dyeing of PTT fabric was carried at under condition of different dyeing temperature by using several disperse dyes with different energy level. Particularly, this study discussed the PTT dyeing thermodynamically. Used disperse dyes were selected based on the their chemical structure and energy level. The obtained results were as followings; The dye adsorption of S type disperse dye such as C. I. Disperse Blue 79 increased with increasing dyeing temperature. In a exhaustion rate of PTT fabric with disperse dyes, C. I. Disperse Blue 56 showed higher values than that of C. I. Disperse Orange 29 and Blue 79. For the interpretation of thermodynamic dyeing behavior, the partition coefficient ( K ) and some several thermodynamic parameters such as standard affinity$(-\mu^\circ)$ and heat of dyeing$(\Delta{H}^\circ)$ calculated from the adsorption isotherm. From above results, as the energy level of disperse dye is small, the partition coefficient and standard affinity increased. But the heat of dyeing of PTT fabric with disperse dye showed high negative value in order of E type(C. I. Disperse Blue 56), SE type(C. I. Disperse Orange 29) and S type(C. I. Disperse 79).

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.27-41
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to discern the level of satisfaction of postpartum care in hospitals. the level of importance of traditional postpartum care and the need for home health care for postpartum women. The study's design was to obtain data needed to develop a community-based postpartum care program and to improve the quality of nursing for postpartum care recipients. Data for the study was collected from 1 March to 31 June 2000 from 116 postpartum care recipients treated in Chung-Buk, Korea. Data analysis consisted of frequency, percentage, t-test, and ANOVA. using SPSS win program. The results the of analysis were as follows: 1) The level of satisfaction of postpartum care in the hospital (mean 1.31) was very low. The most laudable items of nursing care by category were: moderate satisfaction with 'perineal wound care' (2.04) and 'afterpain observation'(2.09). The overall level of satisfaction of postpartum care in the hospital. however, was very low. 2) Among other items of postpartum care in the hospital, 'postpartum exercise' $(25.9\%)$. 'assessment and support for postpartum depression' $(25.9\%)$, 'operation wound care for women who underwent Caesarean sections' $(24.5\%)$. and 'contraception and family planning' $(20.4\%)$ showed a need for home health care for postpartum care recipients above $20\%$. 3) The level of importance of traditional postpartum care (Sanhujori) was relatively high (mean 2.72). The importance of Sanhujori by category was as followed: 'the fourth principle: protecting the body from harmful strains' was the highest (2.88), 'the third principle: eating well', 'the first principle: invigorating the body by augmenting heat and avoiding cold', 'the second principle: resting without working', 'the fifth principle: keeping clean' and 'the sixth principle: handling with the whole heart' showed 2.85, 2.80, 2.70, 2.51 and 2.46 respectively. 4) The need for home health care with Sanhujori was very low. 5) The relationship between demographic factors and the level of satisfaction with postpartum care in the hospital was as follows: the satisfaction levels were significantly different among' delivery frequency' and 'health status' alteration after delivery'. 6) The relationship between demographic factors and the importance of the Sanhujori category was as follows: There were no significant differences in the level of importance of the first and the forth principle of Sanhujori. The level of importance of the second principle of Sanhujori was significantly different among 'income' and 'family type'. The level of importance of the third principle of Sanhujori was significantly different among 'having a boy'. The level of importance of the fifth principle of Sanhujori was significantly different among 'income' and 'feeding type'. The level of importance of the sixth principle of Sanhujori was significantly different among 'education background' and 'feeding type'. In conclusion. the findings of this study illustrate the nursing needs of postpartum care recipients. It provides a challenge to caregivers in the healthcare industry to develop a continuous postpartum care program and integrative postpartum care system that embodies the oriental and western paradigm for the promotion of women's health.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.666-674
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to propose management strategies to lower the level of $PM_{10}$ concentration. First, this study analyzes the characteristics of particle sizes in three different areas, the residential, the roadside, and the industrial areas. Second, it has examined the size of particles which can influence on the increase of $PM_{10}$ concentration level. The distribution of particle size for $PM_{10}$ concentration was not different by regions. The highest portion in the observed $PM_{10}$ is near $0.3{\mu}m$. In addition, both near $2.5{\mu}m$ and near $5.0{\mu}m$ are found higher in portion. The fractions of $PM_{1.0}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ in $PM_{10}$ are 68.2% and 75.8% respectively. The fraction of $PM_{1.0}$ in $PM_{2.5}$ is 89.8%. The particle diameters contributed to the increase of $PM_{10}$ concentration are different by regions. In the residential area, the sizes of near $0.6{\mu}m$ and near $3.3{\mu}m$ particles are found to be the cause for the increase of $PM_{10}$ concentration level. However the particle sizes for the increase of $PM_{10}$ concentration level are $0.8{\mu}m$ and $0.5{\mu}m$ in roadside and industrial area respectively. Therefore, fine particles are found as the key factors to raise $PM_{10}$ concentration level in the two areas, while both fine and coarse particles are in the residential areas. When examined the $PM_{10}$ concentration level change, it was categorized by two different time zones, the high concentration level time and the lower concentration time. In high concentration time, the $PM_{10}$ concentration has increased in the morning in the residential and roadside areas. On the contrary, the level has increased in the evening in the industrial area. In low concentration time, the level of $PM_{10}$ concentration in the roadside area is significantly higher in the morning than the concentration level of other times. There is no significantly different concentration level found in the both residential and industrial areas throughout the day.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.330-337
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nutritional status of antioxidant vitamins in relation to serum malondialdehye(MDA) level in postmenopausal women with common occurance of cardiovascular disease(CVD). Data about general characteristics including smoking, drinking and exercise status, dietary intake and serum level of antioxidant vitamins, and serum MDA level were collected from eighty-five postmenopausal women. Mean serum MDA level was 1.62$\pm$0.03nmol/ml, and general characteristics and serum lipid profiles were not significantly different among the three group: low MDA(<1.45nmol/ml), midium MDA(1.45-1.74nmol/ml) and high MDA($\geq$1.74nmol/ml). Total mean vitamin A intake was 472.8$\pm$37.7RE, 68% of RDA, vitamin C intake was 134.3$\pm$8.7mg, 192% of RDA and vitamin E intake was 8.6$\pm$0.5mg, 86% of RDA for Korean. In takes of antioxidant vitamins from the diet were not significantly different among the three groups. However significant negative correlation(r=-0.242, p<0.05) was observed between vitamin E intake and serum MDA level in total subjects. Total mean serum vitamin A, $\beta$-carotene and vitamin C level were 0.59$\pm$0.01$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, 0.25$\pm$0.01$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml and 9.02$\pm$0.28$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, respectively. Total mean serum vitamin E and vitamin E/total cholesterol level were 9.15$\pm$0.42$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml and 4.09$\pm$0.17$\mu\textrm{g}$/mg, respectively. Serum antioxidant vitamins levels were not significantly different among the three groups. However serum vitamin C and E level were negatively correlated to serum MDA level. We can conclude that it will be helpful for postmenopausal women with common occurance of CVD to improve nutritional status of antioxidant vitamins by increasing intakes of antioxidant vitamins, especially vitamin C and E. (Korean J Nutrition 34(3) : 330~337, 2001)

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.16-31
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• 2007

This study is aimed at classifying different types of parks in Gwang-Ju city and providing efficient Planning and guidelines to satisfy the needs of park users. The first stage of this study was accomplished by site surveys of neighborhood parks in Gwang-Ju where park types, locations, neighboring conditions, park layout, and other physical environments were surveyed for the specific status of parks. With those basic data, urban neighborhood park types were classified into different categories: 1) urban neighborhood parks; 2) riverside neighborhood parks; and 3) natural(mountain side) neighborhood parks. For the second stage of this study, behavior patterns and satisfaction were investigated to provide empirical data on the relationship between the physical environment and human behavior. The main findings of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. The highest level of satisfaction for the users of urban neighborhood parks in Gwang-Ju city is the accessibility of the parks which are small but located in neighborhoods, The users tend to visit the nearby parks regardless of size. 2. The users have relatively high levels of satisfaction for urban neighborhood parks which have a lot of green zones or park facilities. Therefore, the park planner should consider the natural environment in the park area and should reconsider the type of park in the planning process. 3. The different types of urban neighborhood parks in Gwang-Ju city do not affect the level of satisfaction and the motivation of park visits. However, the accessibility of the parks is the most important factors of users' satisfaction regardless of the type of the park. 4. The level of user satisfaction for all of the urban neighborhood parks in Gwang-Ju city indicates that the users have a relatively low level of satisfaction. Especially, 26.2% of the users have a high level of dissatisfaction. The new parks, which have recently been developed, have a higher level of satisfaction than the old parks which have a lack of facilities, insufficient maintenance, and poor management planning in the park. 5. As a result of factor analysis, all city neighborhood parks showed a similar tendency with urban type parks, but showed a tendency that was different from the other park types.

• STI Policy Review
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.92-110
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• 2012

An active policy role is suggested for collaboration that will enhance national level Science and Technology (S&T) capabilities. In contrast, some studies see a limited role of policy support for collaborative S&T research at the individual level (including research groups or institutional levels) due to their self-organizing nature. Two views on S&T collaboration look at different levels but existing research largely ignores the context of developing countries. This paper shows how S&T collaborations between Brazil and Korea have developed over the past two decades. The paper indicates the gaps between initiation and the actual establishment of collaborative research at national and individual levels, differences in the focus areas of research, differences in resources and project planning, and the nature of collaborations. Collaborative research activities at the national level were initiated before the individual level but activated later than the individual level; in addition, the focus areas of research were laid down earlier at the national level with individual collaborations focused on different areas. Project types remained different at each level (i.e. top-down and bottom-up) or with a slightly changing mix. This study suggests appropriate policy measures (such as the timely and effective information collection of activities at different levels and proactive coordination) that could reduce the gaps in the timing and alignment of research areas. This paper also alludes to an evolutionary model to develop S&T collaboration among developing countries.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1221-1236
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• 2015

Since the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) between concrete and GFRP, steel and GFRP are quite different, GFRP laminates with different laminas stacking-sequence present different thermal behavior and currently there is no specification on mechanical properties of GFRP laminates, it is necessary to investigate the thermal influence on composite girder with stay-in-place (SIP) bridge deck at different levels and on different scales. This paper experimentally and theoretically investigated the CTE of GFRP at lamina's and laminate's level on micro-mechanics scales. The theoretical CTE values of laminas and laminates agreed well with test results, indicating that designers could obtain thermal properties of GFRP laminates with different lamina stacking-sequence through micro-mechanics methods. On the basis of the CTE tests and theoretical analysis, the thermal behaviors of composite girder with hybrid GFRP-concrete deck were studied numerically and theoretically on macro-mechanics scales. The theoretical results of concrete and steel components of composite girder agreed well with FE results, but the theoretical results of GFRP profiles were slightly larger than FE and tended to be conservative at a safety level.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제37권7호
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• pp.778-783
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• 2013

Measurement of liquid level in storage and processing vessels, tanks, wells, reservoirs and hoppers is commonly needed. The several different ways to measure the liquid level of oil or water tank have been provided such as an electrostatic capacity, a supersonic waves and an optical science etc. In the study, we have constructed the stable and efficient measurement system to measure the level of liquid at real-time and to get accurate measurement of the maximum and minimum level of the tank. For this purpose, we suggest double sensing methods by adopting both capacitive and optical sensing. The experimental results, presented in this paper, illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method under different sensing methods.