• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.479-499
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• 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the responses of soil properties and microbial communities to different agricultural management and soil types, including organic management in Andisols (Org-A), organic management in Non-andisols (Org-NA), conventional management in Andisols (Con-A) and conventional management in Non-andisols (Con-NA) by using a pyrosequencing approach of 16S rRNA gene amplicon in Radish farms of volcanic ash soil in Jeju island. The results showed that agricultural management systems had a little influence on the soil chemical properties but had significant influence on microbial communities. In addition, soil types had significant influences on both the soil chemical properties and microbial communities. Organic farming increased the microbial density of bacteria and biomass C compared to conventional farming, regardless of soil types. Additionally, Org-NA had the highest dehydrogenase activity among treatments, whereas no difference was found between Org-A, Con-A and Con-NA and had the highest species richness (Chao 1) and diversity (Phyrogenetic diversity). Particularly, Chao 1 and Phyrogenetic diversity were increased in organic plots by 12% and 20%, compared with conventional plots, respectively. Also, regardless of agricultural management and soil types, Proteobacteria was the most abundant bacterial phylum, accounting for 21.9-25.9% of the bacterial 16S rRNAs. The relative abundance of putative copiotroph such as Firmicutes was highest in Org-NA plot by 21.0%, as follows Con-NA (13.1%), Con-A (6.7%) and Org-A (5.1%.), respectively and those of putative oligotrophs such as Acidobacteria and Planctomycetes were higher in Con-A than those in the other plots. Furthermore, LEfSe indicated that organic system enhanced the abundance of Fumicutes, while conventional system increased the abundance of Acidobacteria, especially in Non-andisols. Correlation analysis showed that total organic carbon (TOC) and nutrient levels (e.g. available P and exchangeable K) were significantly correlated to the structure of the microbial community and microbial activity. Overall, our results showed that the continuous organic farming systems without chemical materials, as well as the soil types made by long-term environmental factors might influence on soil properties and increase microbial abundances and diversity.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.49-56
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• 2008

A preliminary survey on the incidence and intensity of root disease complex (association of Meloidogyne incognita and root rot pathogens) was carried out in the sericultural areas of Karnataka. A total of 280 mulberry gardens were surveyed in 14 districts of Karnataka belonging to different types of soil (red sandy, red loamy and black cotton), farming systems (irrigated and rainfed), varieties (V-1, K-2, Local and S-13) and age of the plants (0-5, 5-10 and 10-15 years). It was observed that the association of M. incognita with Botryodiplodia theobromae and Fusarium solani causes the root disease complex in mulberry. Of the 280 gardens visited, 94 were infested with the disease complex and incidence was recorded as 33.6%. The higher intensity of root disease complex was observed when the root system had more than 100 galls/plant with infection of mixed population of B. theobromae and F. solani in sandy soil under irrigated farming. The 5-10 years old mulberry plantation with V-I variety was found to be most susceptible to root disease complex. Districts like Mysore, Kolar, Mandya, Tumkur, Chitradurga and Bangalore were observed as sensitive areas. Further, the wounds caused by M. incognita in mulberry roots favour the easy entry of root rot pathogens, which increased the severity of the disease very fast.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.36-46
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• 2021

The Soil Health Index (SHI) developed by Park et al. (2021) is used to evaluate soil health on remediated soils collected from several remediation project sites and monitored the changes of SHI during the remediation process of land farming, soil washing, and thermal desorption. In the case of land farming, the soils remediated below a legal standard didn't show any significant changes in indices of SHI except the downgrade of available phosphate from medium to a low level. The SHI scores were ranged from 52 to 56 in the contaminated soil and 54 to 57 in the remediated soil. With soil washing, bulk density changed from high to a low level, and available phosphate was lowered from medium to low level. As the SHI scores were evaluated as 58 to 63 for contaminated soil and 38 to 42 for remediated soils. For thermal desorption, soil respiration rate was reduced from high to low level and SHI was scored as 50 to 51 for contaminated soils and 43 to 47 for remediated soils. Even though any abrupt changes of the SHI in remediated soils were not identified in the soils used in this study, it is expected that soil in different conditions such as types and concentrations of contaminant and soil characteristics would result in distinguished changes of the SHI. There is a room for more studies collect diverse information on SHI across the country.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.556-562
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• 2013

The blueberry eco-friendly farming requires the soil condition of pH 4.2 ~ 5.2 and high in organic matters for stable growth. Most of soil types of blueberry-growing land in Korea, however, belongs to alkaline soils with low organic matter content. As a result, the eco-friendly blueberry growers use peat moss and sulfur powder heavily to improve the soil condition, but the guideline on the effective use of organic materials was not established yet. Therefore, this sturdy was performed to investigate the effect of increasing soil acidity and organic matters by using organic materials. Among 5 organic materials, the pH of soil was lowest in degradable sulfur + bentonite (pH 4.1) and followed by Peat moss+Chaff+Pine Needlesmixtures(pH 4.5), OrganicAcid +vinegar (pH 4.7), Sulfur powder (pH 4.8), Temperature response Elutioner (pH 5.2). The soil organic matter content were increased in the following order: Peat moss+Chaff+Pine Needlesmixtures (8.4%) > degradable sulfur + bentonite (7.8%) > Organic Acid + vinegar (7.2%) > Sulfur powder ${\fallingdotseq}$ Temperature response Elutioner (6.3%). Although different in the degree, all organic materials treated was recognized a good material for improving soil pH and organic matter content. The plant height and stem diameter of blueberry were no clear difference among 5 organic materials. Another study was carried out to investigate amending soils with organic matter by soil mulching with pine needles for soil surface management in blueberry organic cultivation. The effect of increasing the soil pH by pine needle mulching in blueberry eco-friendly farming was recognized in four test fields. Pine needle mulching for soil surface management in blueberry appeared several advantages, such as improving of soil pH and organic matter content. Therefore, pineneedle mulching in blueberry organic farming is considered as the most efficient means of mulching cultivation for amending soil pH, weed suppression and moisture conservation among mulching materials.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.939-941
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• 2020

This study evaluated the effect of four different feeds on the larval weight and survival rate of Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (PBS) over five weeks. Four different types of feed (self-fermentation medium, RM medium, Samsung livestock medium, and bean-curd dregs medium) were given to third-instar larvae of PBS. Weight changes and survival rates of PBS larvae were measured weekly for five weeks. During the experimental period PBS larvae showed the highest growth in Samsung livestock medium, followed by bean-curd dregs medium, RM medium, and self-fermentation medium. Survival rate of PBS larvae were the lowest in bean-curd dregs medium, and then in the Samsung livestock medium. Using the Samsung livestock medium can shorten the delivery period of PBS larvae by approximately 40 days based on the larva shipped on average 75 days. Therefore, this study provides information and data on insect farming techniques useful for insect industrialization.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.207-225
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• 2015

This study attempts to explore settlement and adaptation status involved in differing urban-to-rural migration types in Gyeongbuk Province and suggests policy implications based on this analysis. The attributes of urban-to-rural migrants in Gyeongbuk Province differ spatio-temporally, and their status of settlement and adaptation is also different depending on urban-to-rural migration types. "U-turn" migrants who are mostly first-generation rural-to-urban migrants with experience in farming and rural community life engage primarily in crop agriculture. "J-turns" and "I-turns," who have no experience in farming or rural community life, migrated for idyllic rural life. The household income of these types is relatively low compared to U-turn type. U-turns' degree of adaptation is relatively lower than the other types, and U-turn migrants mainly rely on family and community assets in order to solve problems. J-turns' and I-turns' degree of satisfaction is relatively high. However they typically have substantial difficulties in adapting due to lack of pre-migration preparation. Policy implications are : 'switching away from general and inclusive policies of support,' 'transition to policies embedded in the attributes of regions and migration types,' 'improvement of policy governance,' 'enhancement of support for pre-migration preparation and customized support based on the needs of migrants,' and 'comprehensive improvements of settlement environment to better integrate migrants with current residents.'.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.95-109
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• 2021

Consumer's interest in sustainable livestock farming methods has grown in response to concerns for the environment and animal welfare. The purpose of this study is to examine the different influences of sustainability product information on sensory characteristics and purchase behaviors. To accomplish this aim, the study used salami, which is an Italian-style sausage processed by fermentation and drying. Three different types of information were provided: salami made from the pork of an antibiotic-free pig (SMAFP), of an animal welfare pig (SMAWP), and of a grazing pig (SMGP). This study was conducted as an off-line experiment with Korean participants (n=140). As a result, there were sensory differences according to the sustainability information. For the SMAFP, it had a significant difference in, sourness (p<0.05). With the SMAWP, there was a difference in gumminess (p<0.10), and the SMGP had significant differences in sourness (p<0.01), sweetness (p<0.01), andmoisture (p<0.05). Moreover, the purchase intention and willingness to pay were significantly higher when the sustainability information was given. Especially, among the three types of salamis, participants were willing to pay the most for the SMAWP. This is one of the first consumer studies to investigate sensory evaluation and purchase behavior for various types of sustainable livestock production. These results contribute by helping sustainable meat producers and marketers become aware of the kind of sustainable information to which consumers are sensitive.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.1-14
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• 2000

This study is purposed to guide a right planning direction of public spaces in rural village. To do so, this study gives you the causes of transformation and the characteristics of the transformed public spaces in rural village. It classifies three different trends of transformed public spaces; increase, stagnation and decrease. In addition, they are related with rural population, farming types and the social consciousness. There are several characteristics of public spaces comparing before and after the transformation. Public spaces were used as small spaces, housing and farm lands before they were transformed. However, after the transformation, we could see that external spaces are augmented, public spaces are congregated and public facilities are increased.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.446-451
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• 2017

The length frequency and weight-length relationships within the loach population of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus were investigated in environment-friendly (EFP) and conventional paddy fields (CP) in South Korea, in order to identify the influences of farming practices to the loach population living in paddy ecosystem. The size-frequency of distribution of M. anguillicaudatus populations noted to differ significantly when the loach populations of the EFP and the CP were compared. The mean weight and length of the loach population in EFP was greater than those of the loaches in CP. The equations based on weight and total length relationship in EFP and CP were $W=0.000004L^{3.0747}$ and $W=0.000002L^{3.2106}$, respectively. The condition factor (K) against total length of loaches at two paddy field types with different farming practices indicates that the loach population in EFP(mean K=0.95) had access to better nutritional conditions than those in CP (mean K=0.67). It therefore appears that the size and structure of loach populations in rice paddy fields might be affected by farming practices.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 2004

The purpose of this article is twofold: 1) to provide nutrition professionals with the history of how the concept of sustainable diets was introduced to the nutrition profession and 2) to describe how different sustainable agricultural practices offer potential for improving human nutrition and health. The idea of connecting sustainable agriculture With the promotion of human nutrition and health is not new. It is a concept that was introduced to the nutrition profession more than 20 years ago. To foster healthful, sustainable diets, consumers need to choose more whole foods. From the standpoint of nutrition and health, whole foods are naturally higher in fiber and lower in fat, sodium, sugar and additives compared to highly processed foods. From the standpoint of agricultural sustainability, whole foods bypass the high-energy costs of food processing and transportation. Organic farming systems offer potential benefits to human health through reducing farmers' exposure to pesticides and by increasing the total phenolic content in selected food crops. Participation in farmers' market nutrition programs and gardening has been associated with increased fruit and vegetable intake. Gardening may also be a way to increase access to fresh produce in low-income populations that do not have access to nutritious food outlets and to increase physical activity. Further research is needed to assess the human nutrition and health benefits of other types of sustainable agriculture strategies and to investigate the links among different agricultural practices with nutrient and total phenolic content in a wider variety of important food crops.