• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.209-216
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• 2010

This study was to find out optimum rice cultivars for organic farming in no-tillage paddy. A field research was conducted the yield, yield components, and qualities of thirty two Korean rice cultivars, and two Japanese rice cultivars. The column length of early rice plant was shorter in medium maturing rice cultivars compared to early, and medium-late maturing rice cultivars. Planthopper population per20-plant was lower in Ilpumbyeo, Dongjinbyeo, Hojinbyeo, Donganbyeo, and Sobeebyeo in that order while was higherin rice cultivars of early maturity. The disease severity of sheath blight was higher in Saechucheongbyeo>Chucheongbyeo>Namwonbyeo>Sangmibyeo in that order, on the other hand, that was lowerinHwaseongbyeo>Junambyeo>Saesangjubyeo=Hitomebore>Ilpumbyeo>Hwayeongbyeo in that order, respectively. The grain yield of Korean rice cultivars was significantly higher in 2.95 Mg $ha^{-1}$ for Hwasinbyeo, 2.91 Mg $ha^{-1}$ for Ilpumbyeo, 2.86 Mg $ha^{-1}$ for Sobeebyeo, 2.73 Mg $ha^{-1}$ for Naepungbyeo, and 2.70 Mg $ha^{-1}$ for Saegyehwabyeo compared with 1.38 Mg $ha^{-1}$ for Hwabongbyeo, 1.62 Mg $ha^{-1}$ for Hwayeongbyeo, and 1.78 Mg $ha^{-1}$ for Haepyeongbyeo of medium maturing rice cultivars, respectively. Toyo taste value of medium maturing rice cultivars tended to higher than that of early, and medium-late maturing rice cultivars. Ripening rate of rice cultivars was significantly positive correlated with Toyo taste value while negative correlated with protein content. According to principal component analysis, these results show that Sangmibyeo, Sangsanbyeo, and Odaebyeo for early maturity, Naepungbyeo, and Sobeebyeo for medium maturity, and Hwasinbyeo, Chucheongbyeo, and Sindongjinbyeo for medium-late maturity were optimum rice cultivars for organic farming in no-tillage paddy.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.66-72
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• 2017

Potato greening determines the shelf life and affects the marketability of this tuber. Various stresses during handling and storage interact to affect the tuber's physiological status and can affect the rate of greening. This study investigated the effects of storage temperature on tuber greening and shelf life in unwashed and washed potatoes of the cultivar Superior. Physiological and biochemical changes were examined during 15 days at room temperature ($23{\pm}2^{\circ}C$) under cool-white fluorescent light after storage for 1 month at different temperatures ($4^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$). Hunter a values were negative (-) for washed potatoes after 3 days (-0.8) and 15 days (-2.5) at room temperature following 1 month of storage at $4^{\circ}C$ while positive (+) values were observed for unwashed potatoes after 15 days at room temperature. The Hunter ${\Delta}E$ values of washed potatoes previously stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 1 month increased after 3 days at room temperature compared with those of unwashed potatoes. The total chlorophyll content of washed potatoes was higher than that of unwashed potatoes. The highest correlation was observed between the Hunter ${\Delta}E$ value and Hunter a value (-0.93506), while a positive correlation coefficient (0.89806) was observed between greening criteria and Hunter ${\Delta}E$ value by using colorimetry. We conclude, therefore, that there is a biosynthetic link between temperature-induced chlorophyll accumulation and tuber greening in storage.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.17
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• pp.21-29
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• 1999

This study was carried out to determine the promising method for the production of mother bulbs using garlic bulbs at the experimental field of Ange high school, Eusung in Korea from 1996 to 1998. The bulbs and bulbils were taken from a local cultivar 'Eusung' garlic. The growth of bulbil and yield potential were compared with different harvesting times and cultivation methods of bulbil. The harvesting time of bulbils which were capable of producing the mother bulbs was ranged from 15 days to 30 days after the emergence of flower stalks. The best results based on the yield and number of bulbs were obtained from the bulbils sampled at the just before garlic harvesting, 30 days after flower-stalk emergence. The mulching with transparent polyethylene(PE) film in bulbil cultivation was more effective for the plant growth and bulb formation than that with black PE film. The PE mulching from 30 days after seeding of bulbils to 30 days (late-April) before bulb harvesting was the moot effective for the increase of bulb yield. In the cultivation of garlic bulbils, application of lime (150 kg/10a) and compost (3,000 kg/10a) without any chemical fertilizers produced more bulbs in comparison with the standard level of fertilizer (N - $P_2O_5$ - $K_2O$ - compost - lime = 24.8 - 8.0 - 19.2 - 3,000 - 150 kg/10a). It was determined that the involucre seeding and assemble seeding of bulbils was effective and labour-saving methods for the production of mother bulbs from garlic bulbils. Input of labour force for the involucre seeding was decreased up to 61% as compared with the conventional drill seeding of bulbils. Mean yield from the cultivation of bulbil-derived single cloves was remarkably increased up to 95% in comparison with that of the common cloves. The larger size of single clove produced more yields, and the optimum planting density of single clove was $20{\times}10cm$. The cloves differentiated directly from bulbil showed to have higher yield potential than that from common cloves.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate early germination characteristics and germination pattern of new cultivars of creeping bentgrass (CB, Agrostis pall/stris Huds.) under natural room temperature conditions and to analyze differences between alternative and natural conditions. Seven cultivars of CB were tested in the study. Daily and cumulative germination patterns were measured and analyzed on a daily basis. Significant differences were observed in germination pattern, days to the first germination, days to 50% germination, days to 85% germination, and germination rate among cultivars under different environments. The first germination in all entries was initiated between 4 and 5 days after seeding (DAS) under alternative conditions, while between 6 and 8 DAS under natural conditions, being 2 to 3 days later as compared with that of alternative conditions. As for the first germination percentage, it was generally 5 to 25% under alternative conditions. However, 'Penn A-1', 'Penncross', and 'Penn A-4' cultivars showed a vigorous germination, producing 50 to 70%. Under natural room temperature conditions, it was 5 to 10% for the most entries, except 'Penncross', 'L-93', and 'Penn A-4' cultivars which vigorously produced 20 to 50%. Days to the 50% germination in CB resulted in 4 to 10 DAS under alternative conditions, while 6 to 15 DAS under natural conditions, being 2 to 5 days later than under alternative conditions. Days to the 85% germination were 5.90 to 11.75 DAS under alternative conditions and 7.95 to 12.50 DAS under natural conditions. 'Penn A-1' and 'L-93' were the fastest cultivars under alternative and natural conditions, respectively. Regardless of the temperature conditions, the longest cultivar in germination was 'T-1', being over 11 DAS. In-depth comparative data on germination characteristics and germination patterns among CB cultivars would be usefully applied for a practical CB turf establishment in golf course construction etc.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 1996

A nutrient solution culture experiment was conducted in the greenhouse at Suwon Campus. Kyung-Hee University from May 23 to July 11. 1995, to determine the effects of potassium application on seedling growth of Kwanganok and Hwengsungok cultivars of corn. Potassium was treated with four different levels, which are 0.248.496 and 744ppm for treatments without potassium (-k), standard potassium concentration (K), double(2k) and triple (3k) of standard potassium concentration, respectively. Plants were harvested at weekly interval for seven weeks. at which time plant height, leaf area and dry matter yield of corn seedling were measured, only chlorophyll content was taken for five weeks from three week after planting. Seedlings growth of Kwanganok and Hwengsungok cultivars was greatly retarded from planting to harvesting time in 3k treatment. The plant height, leaf area and dry matter yield of both cultivars during the whole period were decreased in order of K>2F>-K>3K, but dry matter yield of Kwanganok cultivar was decreased in order of 2K>K>-K>3K. Chlorophyll content of Kwanganok and Hwengsungok cultivars was irregularly fluctuated during growing period. but generally highest in K treatment and lowest in 3k treatment. The crop growth rates of seedlings of both cultivars were slow until the 3rd week after planting. but very fast thereafter. In general, CGR of both cultivars was higher in K and 2k treatments than -k and 3k treatments.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.174-179
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• 2016

This study was to prepared vinegars using three kinds of pear cultivar with different maturities, 'Wonhwang', 'Niitaka', and 'Chuhwangbae', and investigate their physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activities. Result showed that the firmness of 'Wonhwang' was much lower than other pear cultivars. No significant difference in soluble solid content was found among three pear cultivars. The total acidity of 'Chuhwangbae' pear vinegar was 4.89~7.98%, which was higher than that those of 'Wonhwang' and 'Niitaka' vinegars. The color of 'Niitaka' vinegar had a lower lightness and redness values, but a higher yellowness value, compared with the other two vinegars. The free sugar contents were mainly composed of fructose, glucose, and sorbitol, with the greatest content of sorbitol in all three peer vinegars. The total phenolics and flavonoids contents were 35.2~55.3 and 8.4~14.4 mg/100 mL, respectively. Antioxidant activity had a positive correlation with total phenolic contents. The DPPH free radical scavenging and $ABTS^+$ radical scavenging activity were 45.0~62.1% and 73.8~78.2%, respectively. From these results, we confirmed that immature pear cultivars such as 'Wonhwang', 'Niitaka' and 'Chuhwangbae' could be used as a raw materials to prepare vinegar regardless of maturity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.136-142
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• 2012

Sogokju, a Korean glutinous rice wine and one of the oldest Korean traditional wines, is famous for its unique taste acquired from a 100-day incomplete fermentation process. This study investigated the effects of the degree of rice milling on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of Sogokju. It evaluated the physicochemical characteristics, pasting and color properties, and structural properties of starch using four different degrees of milled rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar Dongjinchalbyeo. Samples of brown rice with milling yields of 92%, 84%, 76%, and 68% were produced using both abrasive and friction whiteners. This study showed that the protein, lipid, and ash content of milled rice decreased as the degree of milling increased. The lower hardness of the kernel below milling yield 92% suggested that milling may be related to the lower protein content of the kernel. The pasting curve showed a significant increase in viscosity properties as the degree of milling increased. This is due to the decrease in protein and lipid content, the increase in starch content, and the difference in amylopectin chain-length distribution. Further milling of white rice, based on 92% milling yield, had an effect on the amylopectin chain-length distribution due to the degree of polymerization (DPn) of 37~60. The long chain of amylopectin also contributed to the viscosity. The increase in the degree of milling decreased the glucose and total sugar content of Sogokju. However, it increased the total acidity of Sogokju. Moreover, the lightness of Sogokju decreased while its yellowness increased. These results indicate that the degree of milling can alter the taste and color of Sogokju. The sensory evaluation showed that the increase in the degree of milling decreased consumer preference for Sogokju. The sensory score for Sogokju was positively correlated with its brix degree, glucose content, pH, and protein content of raw rice.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.331-338
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• 1994

The experiment was conducted to determine if seed size and seed coat color of soybean might be effective in water uptake and cotyledon damage after imbibition, and hypocotyl elongation. Eight soybean cultivars were separated into two classes of large and small seed based on seed weight, and each class included two cultivars with yellow and black seed color, respectively. Small seed size group was superior in water uptake by seed for 24 hour in imbibition at $25^{\circ}C$ , but its differences decreased as soaking time increased. Small seed cultivars germinated faster and had better germination rate than large ones. However, cultivars with black seed coat showed more slow water uptake at initial time and faster germination than yellow seed, but in 24 hour after imbibition, cultivars with black seed coat had higher water uptake rate than yellow seeds. Small seed cultivar group showed no cotyledon damage in imbibition for 24 hour while large seed cultivars were damaged 78% of cotyledon, and black seed showed low cotyledon damage compared to yellow seed. Hypocotyl length was shorter in large seed rather than in small seed, but hypocotyl thickness in large seed was more thick than in small seed. In correlation coefficients, seed coat rate, embryo rate exhibited significantly negative association with seed weight, and the correlation of seed weight with water uptake in 3 hour after soaking was significantly negative, but in 24 hour showed positive correlation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.366-374
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• 1986

Taiwan land race, Taichung 2 rowed barley #1 was crossed with England cultivar, Deba abed in 1972, and two isogenic lines-lax and compact heads-were made in 1982. So as to three fertilizer and three seeding density levels were treated at Dan-Kook Agricultural College farm located in Cheonan in 1984-1985. Lax head type had longer spike length and rachis than compact type. The traits uninfluenced by different head types were heading time, number of grains per spike, yield and soluble nitrogen content. However, the traits related to malting quality such as 1,000 grain weight, assortment ratio, protein content of grain and malt, malt extract, malt total nitrogen content, Kolbach index and diastatic power were significantly affected by head types. The number of spikes per m2, yield, assortment ratio, crude protein content of grain and malt yield ratio, extract yield ratio, malt total nitrogen, souble nitrogen content, Kolbach index and diastatic power were affected by fertilizer and seeding density levels in both isogenic lines. The malting quality was best at 12-12-9 kg/l0a fertilizer level and the yield was greatest at 15-12-9 kg/l0a level. Narrow-spaced or drilling seeding had greater yield and better malting quality than conventional row seeding. The plant with lax head type had some advantages in malting quality, suggesting that this trait would be considered as an selection criterion fer good malting quality lines.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.246-254
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• 2013

Five isolates of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) collected from various regions of Korea were amplified using PCR and determined the sequences of full-length genome, respectively. The PCR-amplified DNA of each TYLCV isolate was introduced into a binary vector to construct infectious clone containing 1.9 copies of the corresponding viral genome. Various cultivars and breeding lines of tomato were inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring infectious clone of each TYLCV isolate to assess resistance against TYLCV. Susceptible cultivar 'Super-sunread' revealed typical yellowing and narrowing of the upper leaves. In contrast, breeding linesTY12, GC9, GC171, and GC173, which contained the TY-1 and/or TY-3 genes that confer resistance against TYLCV in nature, were completely symptomless, suggesting that the lines were resistant to challenging TYLCV isolates. Symptoms of TYLCV in susceptible tomato cultivars are significantly different from those of TYLCV in the resistant tomato cultivars at 30 days after agroinfiltration. Although genomic DNAs of TYLCV were detected from the breeding lines TY12, GC9, GC171, and GC173 using real-time PCR analysis with specific primers, levels of TYLCV DNA accumulation in the resistant breeding lines were much lower than those of TYLCV DNA accumulation in susceptible tomato cultivars. Similar symptom severity and levels of TYLCV DNA accumulation were observed from TYLCV infections mediated by Bemisia tabaci in the resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars. Concentration of agrobacterium did not affect the response of tomato cultivars against TYLCV inoculation. Taken together, these results suggest that TYLCV inoculation via agroinfiltration is as effective as inoculation through Bemisia tabaci and is useful for breeding programs of TYLCV-resistant tomato.