• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.11-27
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate high technology adaptive driving controls, such as mini steering wheel-lever system and joystick system, for the people with physical disabilities in the driving simulator. Background: The drivers with severe physical disabilities have problems in operation of the motor vehicle because of reduced muscle strength and limited range of motion. Therefore, if the remote control system with driver-by-wire technology is used for adaptive driving controls for people with physical limitations, the disabled people can improve their quality of life by driving a motor vehicle. Method: We developed the remotely controlled driving simulator with drive-by-wire technology, e.g., mini steering wheel-lever system and joystick system, in order to evaluate driving performance in a safe environment for people with severe physical disabilities. STISim Drive 3 software was used for driving test and the customized Labview program was used in order to control the servomotors and the adaptive driving devices. Thirty subjects participated in the study to evaluate driving performance associated with three different driving controls: conventional driving control, mini steering wheel-lever controls and joystick controls. We analyzed the driving performance in three different courses: straight lane course for acceleration and braking performance, a curved course for steering performance, and intersections for coupled performance. Results: The mini steering wheel-lever system and joystick system developed in this study showed no significant statistical difference (p>0.05) compared to the conventional driving system in the acceleration performance (specified speed travel time, average speed when passing on the right), steering performance (lane departure at the slow curved road, high-speed curved road and the intersection), and braking performance (brake reaction time). However, conventional driving system showed significant statistical difference (p<0.05) compared to the mini steering wheel-lever system or joystick system in the heading angle of the vehicle at the completion point of intersection and the passing speed of the vehicle at left turning. Characteristics of the subjects were found to give a significant effect (p<0.05) on the driving performance, except for the braking reaction time (p>0.05). The subjects with physical disabilities showed a tendency of relatively slow acceleration (p<0.05) at the straight lane course and intersection. The steering performance and braking performance were confirmed that there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) according to the characteristics of the subjects. Conclusion: The driving performance with mini steering wheel-lever system and joystick control system showed no significant statistical difference compared to conventional system in the driving simulator. Application: This study can be used to design primary controls with driver-by-wire technology for adaptive vehicle and to improve their community mobility for people with severe physical disabilities.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.25-47
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• 2005

This study was purposed to find out the difference of the accounting of practical cost between the ABC system and the traditional costing system applied in a hospital, to verified general effect of ABC. Methods: This case study deals with the method of calculation, the cost information that is produced at K hospital in Busan. To examine ABC system and traditional costing system, applying them to the clinical pathology, radiology, physics in K hospital. Results: As a result of costing analysis, it is showed maximum difference of 50% between ABC and traditional cost. compared in revenue center, it occurs the difference of 15% of them. considering the result, it is confirmed that ABC could be used as a means to offer more precise information. therefore, ABC makes possible to produce precise costing information and grasp the driver of cost, and it is possible to reduce cost effectively. Conclusion: ABC provide six benefits: (1) more accurate of service delivered (2) inproved pricing and contracting strategies (3) improved management decision making capability (4) greater ease of determining relevant costs (5) reduced nonvalue added costs.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.209-218
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to setup the basis on hospital and national nursing manpower estimation accurately according to apply patient classification system of Song's study to China hospital system. Method: This study was surveyed to 964 patients at surgical and medical ward on Yanbian University Hospital in China from 17th to 31th January, 2005. Results: There was study results to test hypotheses for estimating optimal nursing manpower as follows. First, a trimodel classification scheme was developed which suggested three categories of patients as minimal care(category 1), moderate care(category 2), intensive care(category 3). Second, there was not significant difference with nursing time by sex. Third, there was not significant difference with nursing time by medical wards. Fourth, there was not significant difference with average nursing care time for each category of patients. Category 1 was estimated to spend average 19.59minutes for patients, Category 2 was about 35.68 minutes, Category 3 was 72.07minutes respectively. Total nursing hours was 62,610 minutes. Conclusion: Patient classification system of Song's study is validity for optimal nursing manpower of hospital in China.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.440-445
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• 2014

Korean medical system is unique system that has two medical system, Western medical institution and Korean medical institution. In this environment, patients who use each medical institution have different selection factors. The study explores the selection factors' difference of korean/western medical institutions. The empirical analysis of the surveyed data produced the following outcomes. The result of factor analysis, four factors were extracted. That was Human services, Costs and Physical Environment, Prestige and reputation, Public relations and reliability. Overall, the four selection factor importance scores of Korean medical institution were higher than western medical institution's. These findings show that there is a difference between korean and western medical institutions in terms of selection factors. After this study, More study about medical management and healthcare policy including korean medical characteristics is needed.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2007

본 발표문에서는 게기착륙시스템이 항공기에 제공하는 유도신호의 기본원리인 공간변조에 대해서 논의함으로써 계기착륙시스템을 심도있게 이해하는데 도움이 되고자 하였다. 우선적으로 공간변조의 기본개념을 설명하였으며, 이와 함께 공간 변조된 신호가 항공기 수신기에 영향을 주어 방위각 및 활공각이 표시되기까지 전반적인 과정을 DDM(difference in depth of modulation) 및 항공기 수신기의 동작원리와 관련시켜 설명하였다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제5권7호
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• pp.1280-1286
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 작업자의 일정한 동작을 보다 효율적으로 인식할 수 있는 시스템을 제안하고자 한다. 먼저, 작업자의 동작을 촬영한 동영상에서 연속된 프레임간의 차를 기반으로, 고정된 배경과 움직이는 대상을 분리한다. 다음으로, 에지 검출을 이용하여 동작의 중심 위치를 추정하여 연속적으로 움직이는 동작을 인식할 수 있도록 하였다. 본 연구에서 설계한 동작 인식시스템은 기존의 산업헌장에서 적용되고 있는 동작인식 시스템의 문제점을 보완하기 위하여 작업자의 동작을 고정된 CCTV로 촬영한 영상을 인식의 대상으로 취함으로써 동작 정보를 얻기 위한 각종 장비들이 최소화되었다. 또한, 작업자의 신체 부분별 특성을 추출하기 위한 계산 작업에 소요되는 시간을 줄이기 위하여 프레임간의 차연산과 에지검출을 통한 동작인식을 실시하여 인식에 필요한 작업시간을 단축하여, 효율적이면서 비용이 저렴한 동작 인식시스템을 설계하였다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.129-134
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• 2016

Today, natural ventilation systems are widely applied in multi-family housing. However, studies using the wind data trend line of the blower door test are insufficient. Purpose: Through this study, we will propose a computational method about ventilation performance of natural ventilation systems by conducting blower door test. Method: First, we sealed the gaps between the main systems including the natural ventilation system and conducted the blower door test. Next, the natural ventilation system was opened, the blower door test was conducted, and the difference in air flow rate between when closed and when opened was checked. Blower door test was carried out with a pressure difference of 50 Pa. Result: Therefore, the ventilation performance of the natural ventilation system was checked by drawing a trend line using the data to calculate the air flow rate at 2 Pa of the natural ventilation equipment standard pressure difference.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.909-916
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of dental hygienists toward digital dentistry. Methods : The subjects were 393 dental hygienists in Daegu Gyeongbuk. A total of 380 data were analyzed except the incomplete questionnaires. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi-square test, t-test, one-way ANOVA using SPSS version 18.0. Results : 1. Difference of perception by general characteristics was affected by age, academic background, working career, and married. 2. Difference of perception by utilization of digital facilities was affected by digital camera, CAD/CAM system, oral scanner, and computer system. 3. Difference of perception by digital education experience and intention of participation was affected by stronger intention to participate in digital education and practical exercise. Digital X-ray system and CAD/CAM system were the must-be equipment in education. Conclusions : Utilization of digital dentistry is the motive for education experience in dental hygienists.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2018

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the respiratory cycle and posture can modulate the autonomic nervous system. Methods : Thirty-two healthy men and women, aged 20-30 years, were enrolled in this study. We conducted 2-second and 6-second respiratory cycle with the subjects in standing, sitting, and supine positions, respectively. Their heart rate variability was measured in each position for both cycle lengths. Results : The low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) ratio is derived from heart rate variability. In the 2-second respiratory cycles, the LF/HF ratios were highest in standing, sitting, and supine position in descending order. There was a significant difference in heart rate between standing and sitting positions (P<.005). In addition, there was a significant difference in heart rate between standing and supine position (P<.000). In the 6-second respiratory cycles, the LF/HF ratios were again highest in a standing, sitting, and supine position in descending order. However, posture was not found to make a significant difference in this case. Conclusion : Respiratory cycle and posture effectively modulated the autonomic nervous system. Further studies of the clinical application of these results should be conducted.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.36-45
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• 2021

In this study, to improve the indoor thermal environment of the radiant floor heating system, a study was conducted on the temperature change characteristics and energy consumption according to the change of the indoor air set temperature, the supply hot water temperature and the outdoor temperature. As for the control method, the on/off control and the thermal difference proportional control method proposed through previous studies were applied. In addition, in consideration of field applicability, numerical analysis was performed for the case where the indoor air temperature sensor was affected by the wall temperature. As a result, it was found that the temperature difference proportional control method is more effective for thermal comfort and energy saving than on/off control.