• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.648-658
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between eating habits and health among adolescents in Shanghai and Heze, China. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2013 on 2,089 adolescents; 1,089 students were from Shanghai and 999 students from Heze region. Eating habits, weight, height, and nutritional knowledge were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Eating habits score was classified into two categories: healthy eating habits and unhealthy eating habits, based on "Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey", for statistical data analysis. Associations between eating habits, BMI, and nutritional knowledge were examined using a general linear model with adjustment of potential confounding factors such as region, gender, age, parents' education level, and pocket money. Statistical analyses were performed using the SAS (version 9.3) program. Proportions of healthy eating habits group were 90.0% for breakfast (3-7 times/wk), 29.1% for fruit (${\geq}once/d$), 12.5% for vegetable (${\geq}3times/d$), 7.3% for milk (${\geq}2times/d$), 90.0% for fast food (<3 times/wk) consumption, respectively. The average BMI score was 20.1 (Shanghai 20.5 Heze 19.6), which is in the range of normal weight. Rates of obesity and overweight were 16.5% and 8.3% in Shanghai and Heze, respectively. There were significant negative correlations between intake frequencies of breakfast, fast food, biscuits, sugar, chocolate, and BMI score. Eating habits and nutritional knowledge score showed a significant positive correlation. These results showed better eating habits regarding eating regularity and consumption of fruits and soft drinks in Chinese adolescents compared with Korean adolescents, although cultural differences were not fully considered. This study demonstrated significant associations of BMI and nutritional knowledge with dietary behavior in Chinese adolescents in two regions of China. Further studies on Chinese adolescents from other regions in China should be considered.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.429-434
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• 2016

본 연구는 일부 한국 대학생들의 골밀도와 생활습관간의 관련성을 규명하고자 수행되었다. 먼저 이중에너지 방사선흡수법(DEXA)을 이용하여 총 121명의 대학생들의 요추와 대퇴골두의 골밀도(BMD)를 측정하였고, 생활습관에 관련된 설문은 자기기입식 질문지법을 이용하여 2014년 9월부터 동년 10월까지 실시하였다. 연구대상자의 일반적인 특성과 골밀도는 빈도분석을 통해 분포를 파악하였고, 연구대상자의 신체적 특성, 식이습관, 운동습관, 생활습관에 따른 골밀도(T-Score)의 차이를 검정하기 위하여 교차분석(Chi-square test)을 하였다. 수집한 자료는 SPSS 18.0을 이용하여 분석하였다. 대퇴골과 요추의 골밀도는 평균 $0.993{\pm}0.14g/cm^2$이었고, 골다공증은 없었으며, 골감소증은 30명(24.8%), 정상은 91명(75.2%)이었다. 체질량지수(BMI)가 높을수록, 생리주기가 규칙적인 여대생이, 주 150시간 이상 걷기를 시행한 군이, 청소년기에 규칙적으로 운동을 한 경험이 있는 군이 골감소증의 비율이 상대적으로 낮았고, 일 기준 전자기기를 6시간 이상 사용한 군이 골감소증의 비율이 상대적으로 높았는데, 이는 통계적으로 유의한 관계를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 대학생의 신체적인 특성과 식이 운동 생활습관, 특히 청소년기의 운동습관은 골건강과 관련성이 있다. 추후 청소년과 대학생에 대한 식이 운동 생활습관에 관한 가이드라인을 제시하고, 이를 정규 교육과정과 연계하는 방안을 마련하는 것이 필요할 것으로 생각한다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.496-504
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary intake, obesity index and psychosocial factors influencing obesity among 200 high school girls in Seoul. The Social Cognitive Theory provided the Conceptual basis for this study. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to examine factors related to obesity, including self-efficacy for controlling overeating, social support for eating behavior, perception of body image and weight control, nutrition knowledge, and attitudes toward obesity. The data were analyzed using t-test and multiple logistic regression. The results of this study are as follows : 1) The mean age of the girls was 16.4 years, and the rate of overweight and obesity(measured by obesity index) was 27.0$\%$. 2) The mean energy intake of subjects was 1832.3$\pm$384.0kcal. The energy derived from carbohydrates, proteins and fats was 62.7$\%$, 13.8$\%$, and 23.5$\%$, respectively. There was no significant difference between the obese and the comparison group in energy intake. 3) The result of multivariate analysis indicated that obesity had a significant relation to the perception of ideal body image, social support for eating behavior, and self-efficacy for controlling overeating(p〈0.01). As subjects preferred thinner body images(OR=0.39) and received less social support(OR=0.93), the odds of being classified as obese increased. The odds of being obese were also associated with self-efficacy, however, the relation was not strong(OR=1.04). 4) Specific social support was related to obesity among adolescent girls. As subjects received more support from family member, the odds of being obese decreased. The emotional support as well as family member's positive nutrition behavior plays a significant role. In addition, instrumental support from friends was associated with obesity. With repect to self-efficacy, the odds of being obese were increased as subjects felt less confident in controlling overeating when tempting food was placed in front of them or after an argument. In contrast, the obese group felt more confident in controlling overeating for the rest of the specific situations examined. These findings suggest that educational interventions for weight control should incorporate strategies to help participants realize their degree of obesity, to reduce the discrepancy between current and ideal body image, to elicit and maintain social support from friends and family, and to increase the self-efficacy for changing eating behaviors. (Korean J Community Nutrition 2(4) : 496-504, 1997)

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.352-365
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• 2018

Objectives: The Korean Food Composition Table (KFCT) was first published in 1970, and has since been updated every five years by the Rural Development Administration (RDA). This study was conducted to introduce the development strategies, features, and challenges of the $9^{th}$ revision of the KFCT. Methods: Due to the increasing demands of nutrient database users and generators, the RDA started a new research project in 2013 to improve the quantity and quality of data for the $9^{th}$ revision of the KFCT. Over 1,000 food items frequently consumed in Korea were selected as key foods using the results of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. About 200 raw materials and processed food items were collected and analyzed every year. Target nutrients that were analyzed by collaborative labs, such as, sugars, selenium, iodine, and biotin, were increased from 22 to 43. Analytical sample handling procedures and data quality evaluation systems were also established in collaboration with 10 contracted labs. Data were evaluated for data quality according to the FAO/INFOODS, CODEX, and AOAC guidelines. Results: The $9^{th}$ revision contains data on 3,000 food items and up to 43 and 140 food nutrients for the printed table and the excel database file, respectively. Overall, 1,485 data items were newly added, 973 of which were provided by the RDA and 512 were cited from foreign nutrient databases. The remaining 1,515 food items were maintained as in the $8^{th}$ revision. Conclusions: The KFCT provides the basic infrastructure for food and nutrition policy, research, and dietary practice in South Korea. The use of the KFCT has increased exponentially in the past few years in both public and private sectors; accordingly, increased efforts should be paid to the preparation, improvement, and maintenance of KFCT.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.405-418
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the interest level of mothers in oral health. The subjects in this study were 184 mothers whose children attended daycare centers in the city of K. A survey was conducted from March 15 through April 30, 2007, and SPSS WIN 11.5 program was employed to analyze their answer sheets. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. A group of mothers whose children brushed their teeth three times a day on the average made up 55.7 percent of those who were at the age of 35 and under. Among the mothers having three or more children, those mothers accounted for 59.1 percent. The daily mean toothbrushing frequency of children was higher among the better-educated mothers. 2. Concerning dietary and oral guidance, the mothers whose academic background was better curbed their children's excessive sugar intake more often, and the gap between them and the others was statistically significant(pE.05). As to the importance of oral health by the number of child and academic credential, those who had two children(36.0%) taught them the importance of oral health frequently(pE.01), and the better-educated mothers taught about it often(pE.05). The gap between the groups and the others was significant. 3. As for experience of visiting dental institutions, the working mothers visited dental institutions more often than the stay-at-home mothers, and the gap between them was statistically significant(pE.05). Regarding purpose of the visit, the largest group aimed to get treatment(64.6%), followed by having a dental checkup(14.6%) and receiving preventive treatment(13.5%). As to any inconveniences in using dental institutions, those who were working and who were in the upper income bracket found it more inconvenient to do that because of a long distance or time constraints. The gap between them and the others was significant. 4. In regard to concern for dental care, the mothers who were better educated(pE.001) and whose family income was 3 million won or more had their teeth scaled more often, and the gap between them and the others was statistically significant(pE.01). The rate of the regular visitors of dental institutions stood at 32.7 percent of the junior-college graduates, 31.0 percent of the mothers receiving college or higher education and 10.1 percent of the high-school graduates(pE.01). And those who earned larger income paid a visit to dental institutions more often and on a regular basis. The gap between them and the others was statistically significant(pE.05).

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.235-239
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• 2012

본 연구를 통해 주류 중 와인, 맥주, 곡주(막걸리), 과실주 및 약주의 오크라톡신 A 오염 실태를 조사하였으며, 와인은 0.21 ng/mL, 맥주는 0.028 ng/mL, 곡주(막걸리)는 0.18 ng/mL, 과실주 및 약주는 0.18 ng/mL의 평균 검출량을 보였으며, EU에서 설정하고 있는 기준인 2.0 ng/mL보다 훨씬 낮은 수준이었다. 하지만 우리나라의 기후와 지역의 특성을 고려하여 고온 다습한 남쪽지역에서 생산되는 주류의 오크라톡신 A에 대한 오염실태 조사가 조금 더 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각된다. 또한 주류를 통한 오크라톡신 A의 섭취추정량 0.0008 ng/b.w.day는 EU에서 권고하는 오크라톡신 A 일일섭취한계량(TDI) 중 주류를 통해 섭취하는 오크라톡신 A의 TDI값의 4.5%인 0.2 ng/b.w.day에 비하여 훨씬 적은 양으로 우리나라는 주류에 의한 오크라톡신 A에 대하여 안전하다고 판단된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.306-320
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• 2015

LC-MS/MS를 이용하여 동시분석 가능한 85종 농약을 대상으로 2014년 4-9월까지 수도권에서 유통되고 있는 친환경농산물의 잔류농약실태를 조사함으로써 그 안전성을 평가하고자 하였다. 수집된 농산물은 유기농산물 170건, 무농약농산물 271건으로 총 441건이었고, 이를 대분류별로 구분하면 채소류 389건, 과실류 10건, 곡류 14건, 콩류 4건, 버섯류가 24건이었다. 잔류농약 모니터링 결과 채소류와 버섯류에서 유기농산물은 170건 중 2건, 1.2%의 부적합률을, 무농약농산물은 271건 중 6건, 2.2%의 부적합률을 나타내어 총 441건의 시료 중 8건에서 정량 한계 이상의 잔류농약이 검출되어 1.8%의 부적합률을 나타내었다. 대분류별로는 채소류에서 389건 중 5건, 1.3%의 부적합률을 나타내었고, 버섯류에서 24건 중 3건, 11.1%의 부적합률을 나타내었으며, 품목별로는 얼갈이배추, 홍고추, 풋고추 각 1건, 상추 2건, 양송이 3건으로 나타났고, 나머지 과실류, 곡류, 콩류 총 28건에서는 잔류농약이 검출되지 않았다. 검출된 농약 성분은 dimethomorph, etofenprox, imidacloprid, clothianidin, thiamethoxam, methomyl, carbendazim 등 7종으로 검출량은 0.018-0.534 mg/kg 수준이었다. 검출된 농약은 1일 섭취 허용량에 의한 평가 방법을 이용하여 농약의 1일 섭취 수준(%ADI)과 1인 1일 섭취 수준(%ADE)을 확인하여 그 안전성을 평가하였다. 그 결과 %ADI는 0.07728-9.46530%, %ADE는 0.00141-0.17210% 수준으로 확인되어 농약이 검출된 농산물을 섭취하더라도 위해도는 매우 낮음을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.190-196
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• 2018

본 연구는 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 당뇨병이 없는 성인 4,734명을 대상으로 비만 성인의 hs-CRP와 혈당조절 지표들과의 관련성에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 연구결과 BMI가 증가할수록 혈당조절지표인 FBG와 fructosamine 및 $HbA_1c$가 증가하였으며, hs-CRP는 비만 군에서 가장 높은 수치를 보였고, 인슐린저항성의 지표인 HOMA-IR도 비만 군에서 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였다. 또한 hs-CRP 수준을 구분하여 혈당조절지표들과의 관련성을 확인한 결과 hs-CRP가 증가할수록 FBG, fructosamine 및 $HbA_1c$가 증가됨을 확인하였고, 여러 관련 변수를 보정한 후에도 hs-CRP가 증가할수록 FBG, fructosamine 및 $HbA_1c$가 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였다. 결과적으로 비만과 hs-CRP, 혈당조절지표는 각각에서 연관성을 보여 당뇨병이 없는 성인 중 높은 BMI에서 증가된 hs-CRP에 의해 당뇨병의 주요한 병인인 인슐린 저항성을 증가시켜 혈당조절지표인 FBG, fructosamine 및 $HbA_1c$가 통계적으로 유의하게 증가한 것으로 사료된다. 이에 당뇨병이 없는 성인에서도 올바른 식습관 및 규칙적인 운동으로 비만을 예방하여 당뇨병 발생을 감소시키는 노력이 강구되어야 하겠다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.74-86
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• 1991

This study tried to clear the characteristics of height growth pattern depending on Peak Height Velocity age in early, average and late groups. And in it, height growth tendency of girl students in age 7 to 18 years old was compared and investigated in order to know influencing factors, menarcheal age relation. The samples were senior girl students at high school in Seoul. Longitudinal data and survey data were collected in August, 1990. The results could be summarized as follows: 1. On distance curve, the height growth line in early group tended to be the highest and in late group the lowest. On the other hand, on velocity curve late group showed the highest peak and early group showed the lowest peak. In late group, velocity curve was too steep. Of course, these early, average and late groups were classified by PHV age. 2. In these three groups, late group showed the most growth amount per year. However, on distance curve, early group showed higher line than late group. Perhaps this means that peak growth amount in late group might have an effect on mean. 3. Growth amount of adolescence spurt age in these three groups was 6.86cm at age 9(early group), 7.27cm at l1(average group) and 7.65cm at 13(late group). In early group, because. PHV age came too early, it was difficult to find exact adolescence spurt period. In early group, the adolescence spurt period is considered to come at about age 7 to 9. In average group, at 9 to 11 and at 12 to 13 in late group. Especially, spurt of late group was remarkable. 4. When the growth amount of PA, before PA and after PA was compared, growth amount of PA in all three groups was about 20%. In early group, growth amount of APV tended to be large and in late group, that of APV tended to be large and in late group, that of BPV was large. In average group, growth amount of BPV was larger than that of APV. 5. For the purpose of comparing total height growth amount of these groups at age 18, the height growth was assumed to be over. And then, the difference of three groups was studied but it's not significant. 6. Although the difference between height growth and family environment, dietary habits, exercise, disease history in these three groups was investigated, only the income was significant. The significance of all the other factors was not approved. 7. When menarcheal age was compared with PA, generally we know menarche appeared after 1∼2 years of PHV age. But in case of early group, the difference between PHV age and menarcheal age was 5.34 years. In average group, 2.45 years and 0.82 years in late group.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

치아침식증은 경조직의 비가역적 소실을 야기하는 다인자성 질환이다. 최근 많은 연구자들이 이 질환에 주목하고 있으나, 국내에서는 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 이 연구는 양산시 8~9세 어린이 664명의 치아침식증 유병률을 조사하고, 관련된 위험요인을 성별, 돌보는 사람의 유형, 식이 습관 및 구강 위생 습관, 그리고 치아침식증에 대한 보호자의 지식 정도의 측면에서 분석하였다. 그 결과, 치아침식증은 242명에서 관찰되었다. 탄산음료는 선호도, 섭취 빈도, 섭취 방법에서 치아침식증과 연관성이 있었고(p < 0.05), 과일주스는 선호도와 섭취 빈도에서 연관성이 있었으나(p < 0.05), 섭취 방법에서는 연관성이 없었다(p > 0.05). 또한 성별, 돌보는 사람의 유형, 구강 위생 습관, 보호자의 지식 정도는 치아침식증과 연관성이 없었다(p > 0.05). 결론적으로 어린이의 치아침식증 예방을 위해서는 이에 대한 교육뿐만 아니라, 행동으로 이어지도록 하는 동기부여가 필요할 것으로 사료되었다.