• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary ${\beta}$-mannanase supplementation and palm kernel meal (PKM) inclusion (5%) on laying performance, egg quality and nutrient utilizability of laying hens with 73 weeks of age. A total of 240 Lohmann brown laying hens with average 77.5% egg production were randomly allocated with 60 hens per treatment, 4 replicates per treatment and 15 hens per replicate. Experimental design was a completely randomized design with $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement, with the factors being (1) two levels of PKM (0 vs. 5%) and (2) with or without dietary ${\beta}$-mannanase (480 IU/kg of diet CTCzyme$^{(R)}$) supplementation. All hens were housed in cages ($35cmW{\times}35cmD{\times}40cmH$) with 2 hens per cage for six weeks feeding trial. Laying performance was recorded daily during feeding trial. Egg quality, nutrients utilizability and blood assays were done at the end of feeding trial. Egg production was improved (P<0.05) by both dietary PKM inclusion and ${\beta}$-mannanase combined supplementation. Either ${\beta}$-mannanase or PKM did not affect feed intakes and feed conversion ratio of all diets. Egg weight of hens fed diet containing 5% of PKM had heavier (P<0.05) eggs compared with hens fed without PKM. Albumen height was improved (P<0.05) by dietary mannanase supplementation. Crude fat utilization of 5% PKM diet was higher than that of no PKM diet regardless of ${\beta}$-mannanase supplementation. Both DM and total carbohydrate utilization were decreased (P<0.05) in hens fed 5% PKM diet. Serum IgG and yolk IgY contents of PKM groups were lower (P<0.05) than those of no PKM groups. This result showed that 5% PKM diet, independent of dietary ${\beta}$-mannanase supplementation, was able to improve egg production. In addition, dietary ${\beta}$-mannanase supplementation could be used for improving the albumen height of eggs.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2012

We investigated the effect of dietary supplementation with probiotics on growth performance, feed utilization, innate immunity and disease resistance against Streptococcus iniae in juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Four experimental diets were made by supplementation with three Bacillus sp. probiotics (B. subtilis, B. pumilus and B. licheniformis) into a basal diet (control) at 0.5% each. Three-hundred fish (average BW, 20 g) were randomly distributed (25 per tank) into twelve 150 L capacity polyvinyl circular tanks with three replicates per dietary treatment. Triplicate groups of fish were fed the experimental diets to apparent satiation (twice per day, 09:00 and 17:00 h) for nine weeks. After the feeding trial, a challenge test was directly conducted against S. iniae. The results indicated that dietary supplementation with the probiotic, Bacillus sp, seemed to improve growth performance of olive flounder. Hematological parameters and innate immunity as determined by nitroblue tetrazolium, myeloperoxidase or superoxide dismutase activities were not significantly affected by the probiotic supplementation. The result from the challenge test suggested that dietary supplementation with probiotics Bacillus sp. can improve the disease resistance of olive flounder against S. iniae.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.371-376
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of wild grape (Vitis coignetiae) on egg qualities. Laying hens were randomly assigned to three different dietary groups containing 0, 0.25, and 0.5% of wild grape and fed for 8 weeks, respectively. Eggs were collected after feeding period and stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. Egg quality traits and cholesterol level of egg yolk were measured at 0 and 7 days of storage. There were no significant differences in total cholesterol content of egg yolk and egg shell thickness among the treatments. However, egg weights of wild grape-fed groups significantly increased compared to that of control. Dietary supplementation of 0.25% wild grape increased the shell and yolk colors compared to the control. Dietary supplementation of 0.5% wild grape significantly increased albumen height and Haugh unit and decreased egg shell hardness and pH values at day 0. However, no differences were found after 7 days of storage. Consequently, the dietary supplementation of wild grape improved the egg qualities on some extent including egg weights, shell and yolk color, albumen height, and Haugh unit.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.55-73
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• 2020

Poultry meat is generally exposed to quality deterioration due to lipid oxidation during storage. Oxidative stability of meat can be increased by feed supplementation. Aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of fish waste derived bioactive peptides on antioxidant potential of broiler breast meat and physico-chemical characteristics and quality parameters of nuggets prepared from breast meat. 180 broiler birds (six groups of 30 birds) were purchased. Each group was given different concentrations of bioactive peptides i.e. 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg/kg feed. After completion of six weeks birds were slaughtered and breast meat was stored at -18℃ for six months. Nuggets were prepared and stored at -18℃ for 45 days. Meat samples were analyzed for antioxidant activity [total phenolic contents (TPC), DPPH^· scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power] and lipid oxidation assay at regular intervals of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months while nuggets were analyzed for quality (pH, color, texture and water holding capacity) parameters after regular interval of 15 days. A significant (p<0.05) effect of feed supplementation was observed on antioxidant status such as TPC, DPPH^· scavenging activity, and FRAP of broiler breast meat. Dietary interventions of bioactive peptides significantly (p<0.05) delayed lipid oxidation of breast meat than control. All the quality parameters were also significantly affected due to dietary bioactive peptides and storage duration. Thus, dietary interventions of bioactive peptides can increase the antioxidant and shelf stability of broiler breast meat and nuggets.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1641-1648
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• 2012

This study was performed to investigate the combined effect of dietary supplementation of gallic and linoleic acid (GL) on the antioxidative effect and quality of thigh meat from broilers. Broilers received 3 dietary treatments: i) commercial finisher diet (control), ii) 0.5% GL (gallic:linoleic acid = 1 M:1 M), and iii) 1.0% GL during the 22 to 36 d. The pH value of broiler thigh meat was increased by GL supplementation. Water holding capacity of the thigh meat was enhanced by the 1.0% dietary GL supplementation. Antioxidative effect (total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, $ABTS^+$ reducing activity, reducing power, and TBARS value) in the thigh from the broilers improved significantly with 1.0% GL. Linoleic acid and docosahexaenoic acids were higher in the broilers fed both levels of dietary GL. However, volatile basic nitrogen content and microbiological quality was not shown to be different between control and treated group. Results indicate that 1.0% dietary supplementation of GL can improve the antioxidant activity of broiler thigh meat and may enhance the meat quality.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2013

A 10-week feeding trial was conducted to examine the effects of dietary spirulina and quercetin on growth, innate immunity, disease resistance and dietary antioxidant capacity in the juvenile olive flounder. Triplicate groups of fish (initial body weight, $2.9{\pm}0.01g$) were fed one of isonitrogenous (48% crude protein) and isocaloric (17.4 MJ/kg DM) experimental diets containing 0% spirulina (as a control), 3.4% spirulina, or 6.8% spirulina with or without supplementation of 0.5% quercetin (designated as CON, SP3.4, SP6.8, and SP6.8 + Q, respectively) at a rate of 3% body mass twice daily. Higher dietary antioxidant capacity was found with spirulina supplementation, and the highest value (P < 0.05) was obtained with SP6.8 + Q diet. At the end of the feeding trial, no significant effects were observed on growth performance, body composition and disease resistance against Edwardsiella tarda. Lysozyme activity was significantly increased by spirulina supplementation (P < 0.05), and the highest value was observed in the group fed SP6.8 + Q diet. Also, significantly higher respiratory burst activity (P < 0.05) was found in SP3.4 group. According to the results of this study, dietary supplementation of 3.4% spirulina may enhance innate immunity of olive flounder.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.796-804
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• 2004

We found previously that dietary high fat caused obesity, and levan supplementation to the regular diet reduced adiposity and serum lipids. In the present study, we examined the effects of levan [high-molecular-mass $\beta$-(2,6)-linked fructose polymer] supplement on the development of obesity and lipid metabolism in rats fed with high-fat diet. Thus, to determine whether the dietary levan may have the anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects, 4-wk-old Sprague Dawley male rats were fed with high-fat diet for 6 wk to induce obesity, and subsequently fed with 0, 1, 5, or 10% levan supplemented high-fat diets (w/w) for another 4 wk. For the comparison, a normal control group was fed with AIN-76A diet. Supplementation with levan resulted in a significant reduction of high-fat-induced body weight gain, white fat (i.e., epididymal, visceral, and peritoneal fat) development, adipocyte hypertrophy, and the development of hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia in a dose-dependent manner. Serum triglyceride and free fatty acid levels were greatly reduced by levan supplementation. Serum total cholesterol level was reduced, whereas the HDL cholesterol level was increased by dietary levan. The expression of uncoupling protein (UCP) was increased by dietary high fat, and was further induced by levan supplementation. The mRNA level of UCP1, 2, and 3 in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and UCP3 in skeletal muscle was upregulated in rats fed with dietary levan. In conclusion, upregulated UCP mRNA expression may contribute to suppression of development of obesity through increased energy expenditure. The present results suggest that levan supplementation to the diet is beneficial in suppressing diet-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.87-97
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• 2019

Phytate induced excessive mineral excretion through poultry litter leads to poor performance and environmental pollution. Exogenous microbial phytase supplementation to poultry diets reduce the environmental excretion of nutrient and improve bird's performance. However, excessive dietary sodium (Na) level may hinder the phytase-mediated phytate hydrolysis and negate the beneficial effects of phytase. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different concentration dietary Na on phytase activity and subsequent impact on broiler performance, bone mineralisation and nutrient utilisation. In this study, six experimental diets, consisting of three different levels of Na (1.5, 2.5, or 3.5 g/kg) and two levels of microbial phytase (0 or 500 U/kg) were formulated by using $3{\times}2$ factorial design. The six experimental diets were offered to 360 day-old Ross 306 male chicks for 35 days, where, each experimental diet consisted of 6 replicates groups with 10 birds. Along with growth performance, nutrient utilization, intestinal enzyme activity, dry matter (DM) content of litter and mineral status in bone were analysed. Dietary Na and phytase had no effect on bode weight gain and feed intake. Birds on the low Na diet showed higher (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) than the mid-Na diets. High dietary Na adversely affected (p < 0.001) excreta DM content. Phytase supplementation to the high-Na diet increased (p < 0.01) the litter ammonia content. High dietary Na with phytase supplementation improved ($Na{\times}phytase$, p < 0.05) the AME value and ileal digestibility of Ca and Mg. The total tract retention of Ca, P, and Mg was reduced with high Na diet, which was counteracted by phytase supplementation ($Na{\times}phytase$, p < 0.001). The diets containing mid-level of Na improved (p < 0.001) the function of Na-K-ATPase and Mg-ATPase in the jejunum. The overall results indicate that high dietary Na did not affect phytase activity but influenced the nutrient utilization of birds, which was not reflected in bird overall performance.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.163-170
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• 2022

This study investigates the effects of the dietary inclusion of zinc oxide (ZnO) on the growth performance, apparent total digestibility, and the fecal scores of growing pigs fed a corn-wheat-based diet. In total, 84 crossbred (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) growing pigs with an initial body weight of (20.86 ± 0.64 kg) (4 pigs·pen^-1; 2 gilts and 2 barrows; 7 replications·treatment^-1) were randomly assigned to three treatment groups based on body weight (BW) and sex in a three-week trial. The dietary treatments were as follows: TRT1 (CON [basal diet]), TRT2 (CON + 0.07% ZnO), and TRT3 (CON + 1% ZnO). Dietary ZnO supplementation significantly (p < 0.05) improved body weight gain (BWG) of growing pigs at weeks 2 and 3 compared to the control diet. In addition, dietary ZnO supplementation significantly (p < 0.05) increased the average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) at weeks 2, 3, and overall. However, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) remained unaffected throughout the trial. Regarding the total tract nutrient digestibility of nitrogen, dry matter was significantly improved with an increased level of ZnO supplementation. In addition, dietary supplementation of ZnO significantly reduced fecal scores in grower pigs at the initial period compared to the control diet. In summary, dietary inclusion of zinc oxide via supplementation improved growth performance, and total tract digestibility and reduced the fecal scores of growing pigs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.561-567
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• 1994

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin E and caffeine on the activities of lipid peroxidation related enzymes in rat liver . Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed on diets containing three level of vitamin E (37.5, 750 or 1,5oomg/kg diet) and with or without 0.3% caffeine. The rats were sacrificed after 5 and 10 weeks of feeding. Results obtained from this study were as follows ; The content of cytochrome P450 tended to increase as dietary vitamin E level was raised. The activity of xanthine oxidase increased in the caffeine groups, but it decreased by the increasing level of vitamin E. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activity were slightly elevated by dietary supplementation of vitamin E. And there was a tendency of higher these enzyme activity of caffeine groups. The activity of glutathione perxidase tended to decrease as dietary vitamin E level increased. But it was raised by caffeine supplementation . Liver glutathione content was not affected by dietary supplementation of vitamin E, but it showed a decreasing tendency in caffeine groups. There was a tendency of more lipid peroxide content of caffeine groups than that of the only vitamin E supplemented group. But the degree of increment of this decreased as dietary vitamin E level increased.