• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

치아침식증은 경조직의 비가역적 소실을 야기하는 다인자성 질환이다. 최근 많은 연구자들이 이 질환에 주목하고 있으나, 국내에서는 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 이 연구는 양산시 8~9세 어린이 664명의 치아침식증 유병률을 조사하고, 관련된 위험요인을 성별, 돌보는 사람의 유형, 식이 습관 및 구강 위생 습관, 그리고 치아침식증에 대한 보호자의 지식 정도의 측면에서 분석하였다. 그 결과, 치아침식증은 242명에서 관찰되었다. 탄산음료는 선호도, 섭취 빈도, 섭취 방법에서 치아침식증과 연관성이 있었고(p < 0.05), 과일주스는 선호도와 섭취 빈도에서 연관성이 있었으나(p < 0.05), 섭취 방법에서는 연관성이 없었다(p > 0.05). 또한 성별, 돌보는 사람의 유형, 구강 위생 습관, 보호자의 지식 정도는 치아침식증과 연관성이 없었다(p > 0.05). 결론적으로 어린이의 치아침식증 예방을 위해서는 이에 대한 교육뿐만 아니라, 행동으로 이어지도록 하는 동기부여가 필요할 것으로 사료되었다.

• 산업진흥연구
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2018

문화콘텐츠는 '창조의 결과물'이기도 하지만 창조와 실천, 그리고 차이의 이해가 이루어지는 '과정'이기도 하다. 따라서 콘텐츠는 융복합지식의 콘텐츠 대중적이면서도 감성과 지식을 채워주는 질 좋은 콘텐츠를 선정해야 한다. 동아시아 인문주의 창제자인 공자는 의식주의 철학과 조선 후기 식생활에 영향을 끼쳤다. 공자는 조선시대 선비들에게 유학뿐만 아니라 음식관에서도 많은 영향을 끼쳤다. "임원경제지(林園經濟志)" 중 정조지(鼎俎志)"는 음식과 요리에 대한 백과사전으로 7권 4책으로 구성되어 있으며 음식의 재료, 조리법, 효능 및 금기 등을 다루고 있다. 여기에는 육류요리, 채소요리뿐만 아니라 청량음료 달인음료 등의 각종 음료나 꿀과자 설탕과자 등의 과자류, 그리고 술 빚는 방법까지 천 여 가지의 레시피를 자세하게 기록하고 있다. "임원경제지(林園經濟志)" 그가 72세까지 살아오면서 자기 인생을 되돌아보면서 무엇을 조심하고 어떻게 잘 해야 하는지 일반적으로 이야기할 수 있는 언급하고 있다. 공자의 일상에서 기록해 온 식문화가 조신시대까지 이어와 영향을 받은 풍석 서유구 "임원경제지(林園經濟志)"를 통해 동양의 식문화에 대한 재미있는 이야기들을 대중적으로 접근하려 한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.1705-1714
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• 2019

Objective: Reducing roughage feeding without negatively affecting rumen health is of interest in ruminant nutrition. We investigated the effects of roughage sources and concentrate types on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, and blood metabolite levels in growing cattle. Methods: In this 24-week trial, 24 Hanwoo cattle ($224{\pm}24.7kg$) were fed similar nitrous and energy levels of total mixed ration formulated using two kinds of roughage (timothy hay and ryegrass straw) and two types of concentrate mixes (high starch [HS] and high fiber [HF]). The treatments were arranged in a $2{\times}2$ factorial, consisting of 32% timothy-68% HS, 24% timothy-76% HF, 24% ryegrass-76% HS, and 17% ryegrass-83% HF. Daily feed intakes were measured. Every four weeks, blood were sampled, and body weight was measured before morning feeding. Every eight weeks, rumen fluid was collected using a stomach tube over five consecutive days. Results: The mean dry matter intake (7.33 kg) and average daily gain (1,033 g) did not differ among treatments. However, significant interactions between roughage source and concentrate type were observed for the rumen and blood parameters (p<0.05). Total volatile fatty acid concentration was highest (p<0.05) in timothy-HF-fed calves. With ryegrass as the roughage source, decreasing the roughage inclusion rate increased the molar proportion of propionate and decreased the acetate-to-propionate ratio; the opposite was observed with timothy as the roughage source. Similarly, the effects of concentrate types on plasma total protein, alanine transaminase, Ca, inorganic P, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and creatinine concentrations differed with roughage source (p<0.05). Conclusion: Decreasing the dietary roughage inclusion rate by replacing forage neutral detergent fiber with that from non-roughage fiber source might be a feasible feeding practice in growing cattle. A combination of low-quality roughage with a high fiber concentrate might be economically beneficial.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.352-357
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Youth is the crucial stage between childhood and adulthood during which an individual acquires new behavior and practices including dietary habits, that may be influenced by his peers, social circle, nutrition knowledge level and other factors. The increase in awareness of young adults is of special importance from the perspective of health and prevention of obesity related chronic diseases. To measure the nutrition literacy level of university students using the Turkish version of Adolescent Nutrition Literacy Scale (ANLS). We evaluated their food habits using the Adolescent Food Habit Checklist (AFHC) tool and analysed it, if the eating habits were affected by nutrition literacy level. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on randomly selected 276 students studying in the Faculty of Health Sciences of Istanbul Aydin University, Turkey. Data was collected by means of ANLS and AFHC tools by face to face interview method. SPSS statistical sofware (IBM SPSS Statistics 19) was used to analyse the obtained data. RESULTS: Participants comprised of 47.1% males and 52.9% females with mean age of $20.0{\pm}1.60years$. Mean body mass index (BMI) was determined as $22.4{\pm}3.76$ ($23.6{\pm}3.63$ males $21.3{\pm}3.57$ females). Functional, interactive and critical nutritional literacy scores for male participants were $22.49{\pm}5.71$, $17.45{\pm}4.84$, and $28.28{\pm}7.13$ respectively (total $64.98{\pm}10.15$). For females the values were $24.66{\pm}5.13$, $20.17{\pm}4.28$, and $32.20{\pm}5.65$ (total $69.72{\pm}8.59$) respectively. For all the three sub-categories of nutrition literacy, the scores acquired by females were significantly higher than males (P < 0.001). In the AFHC tool, the mean score acquired by males were $9.26{\pm}4.18$ whereas for females it was $10.37{\pm}3.40$ significantly higher as compared to males (P = 0.007). CONCLUSION: The food habits of female participants were better than males; in accordance with their nutrition literacy status. It may be concluded that food habits are influenced by nutrition literacy and therefore stress much be given to increase the nutrition awareness among children youth as well as adults.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.267-274
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• 2019

본 연구는 비만관리 교육을 통해 비만에 대한 지식이 선행된 상태에서, 실천한 수중운동 프로그램이 지역사회 비만여성의 신체기능에 미치는 효과를 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 연구대상자는 D광역시 A보건지소의 건강교실에서 참여를 희망한 자로 51세에서 79세의 비만여성 20명이 8주 동안 프로그램에 참여하였다. 비만관리 교육이 포함된 수중운동 프로그램은 주 2회, 20분 동안 비만관리 교육과 60분의 수중운동 프로그램을 포함하여 총 120분으로 구성되었다. 비만관리 교육은 신체활동 실천과 식이섭취 교육에 중점을 두어 실시되었다. 본 연구결과를 통해 8주간의 비만관리 교육을 포함한 수중운동 프로그램 후 비만여성의 복부둘레, 체중, 체질량 지수가 감소되었고(p<.05, p<.001,p<.001), 악력이 증가되어(p<.05), 비만감소와 근력증진에 효과적인 프로그램임을 알 수 있었다. 후속 연구시 연구 대상자의 수를 늘리고, 대조군을 갖춘 실험설계 연구와 대상자가 직접 참여하고 주도하는 참여형 비만관리 수중운동 프로그램으로 개발 할 필요가 있다. 또한, 지속적인 생활습관 개선을 위한 추가적인 전략이 필요함을 제언한다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.81-93
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• 2022

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the experience and perception among adult women regarding weight control and the consumption of weight-control foods or health functional foods based on their body mass index (BMI). Methods: The subjects were 634 adult women from the Chungcheong province, Korea, and data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire from July 2021 through September 2021. The subjects were divided into four groups based on their BMI status: underweight (< 18.5 kg/m², 7.6%), normal weight (18.5 ~ 22.9 kg/m², 53.3%), overweight (23 ~ 24.9 kg/m², 19.7%), and obese (≥ 25 kg/m², 19.4%). Results: Over the past 3 years, almost two-thirds (68.6%) of the adult women had tried weight control measures, despite the fact that a significant proportion of them were normal or underweight. More importantly, 57.6% of subjects reported the consumption of weight-control foods, with a lower proportion in the underweight (35.4%) group compared to the normal (56.2%), overweight (62.4%), and obese (65.0%) groups. The food items used for weight control were mostly salads, chicken breasts, low fat (soy) milk, slimming tea, protein shakes, low-calorie cereals, and energy/protein bars among others. In addition, one-third (31.1%) of the subjects reported the use of health functional foods containing ingredients for fat reduction. A significantly higher proportion of these was from the overweight (36.0%) and obese (38.2%) groups compared to the underweight (20.8%) and normal weight (28.1%) groups. Products containing Garcinia cambogia extract, green tea, or Cissus extract, were popular among users. Subjects who were obese had a poorer perception of their health and body. Most subjects felt the need for correct information regarding weight control, but this number was significantly more in the higher BMI groups. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the use of weight-control foods or health functional foods is popular among adult women, especially those who are obese. Thus, nutrition education courses covering facts about weight control and practice need to be developed and provided based on the BMI status of subjects.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.163-179
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• 2022

Although functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are very common in pediatric patients, there is a scarcity of published epidemiologic data, characteristics, and management patterns from Saudi Arabia, which is the 2nd largest Arabic country in terms of area and the 6th largest Arabic country in terms of population, with 10% of its population aged <5 years. Functional constipation (FC) is an FGID that has shown a rising prevalence among Saudi infants and children in the last few years, which urges us to update our clinical practices. Nine pediatric consultants attended two advisory board meetings to discuss and address current challenges, provide solutions, and reach a Saudi national consensus for the management of pediatric constipation. The pediatric consultants agreed that pediatricians should pay attention to any alarming signs (red flags) found during history taking or physical examinations. They also agreed that the Rome IV criteria are the gold standard for the diagnosis of pediatric FC. Different therapeutic options are available for pediatric patients with FC. Dietary treatment is recommended for infants with constipation for up to six months of age. When non-pharmacological interventions fail to improve FC symptoms, pharmacological treatment with laxatives is indicated. First, the treatment is aimed at disimpaction to remove fecal masses. This is achieved by administering a high dose of oral polyethylene glycol (PEG) or lactulose for a few days. Subsequently, maintenance therapy with PEG should be initiated to prevent the re-accumulation of feces. In addition to PEG, several other options may be used, such as Mg-rich formulas or stimulant laxatives. However, rectal enemas and suppositories are usually reserved for cases that require acute pain relief. In contrast, infant formulas that contain prebiotics or probiotics have not been shown to be effective in infant constipation, while the use of partially hydrolyzed formula is inconclusive. These clinical practice recommendations are intended to be adopted by pediatricians and primary care physicians across Saudi Arabia.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.646-657
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The doubly labeled water (DLW) method is the gold standard for estimating total energy expenditure (TEE) and is also useful for verifying the validities of dietary evaluation tools. In this study, we compared the accuracy of total energy intakes (TEI) estimated by the 24-h diet recall method with TEE obtained using the doubly labeled water method. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study involved 71 subjects aged 20-49 yrs. Over a 14-day period, three 24-h diet recalls per subject (2 weekdays and 1 weekend day) were used to estimate energy intakes, while TEE was measured using the DLW method. The paired t-test was used to determine the significance of differences between TEI and TEE results, and the accuracy of the 24-h recall method was determined by accuracy predictions percentage, root mean square error, and bias. RESULTS: Average study subject age was 33.4 ± 8.6 yrs. The association between TEI and TEE was positive and significant (r = 0.463, P < 0.001), and the difference between TEI (2,084.3 ± 684.2 kcal/day) and TEE (2,401.7 ± 480.3 kcal/day) was also significant (P < 0.001). In all study subjects, mean TEI was 12.0% (307.5 ± 629.3 kcal/day) less than mean TEE, and 12.2% (349.4 ± 632.5 kcal/day) less in men and 11.8% (266.7 ± 632.5 kcal/day) less in women. Rates of TEI underprediction for all study subjects, men, and women, were 60.5%, 51.4%, and 66.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that 24-h diet recall underreports energy intakes. More research is needed to corroborate our findings and evaluate the accuracy of 24-h recall with respect to additional demographics.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.241-256
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Diabetes-specific oral nutritional supplements (ONS) have anti-hyperglycemic effects, while D-allulose exerts anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects. In this study, we investigated the efficacy and safety of diabetes-specific ONS, including allulose, on glycemic and weight changes in overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). SUBJECTS/METHODS: A single-arm, historical-control pilot clinical trial was conducted on 26 overweight or obese patients with T2DM (age range: 30-70 yrs). The participants were administered 2 packs of diabetes-specific ONS, including allulose (200 kcal/200 mL), every morning for 8 weeks. The glycemic profiles, obesity-related parameters, and lipid profiles were assessed to evaluate the efficacy of ONS. RESULTS: After 8 weeks, fasting blood glucose (FBG) level significantly decreased from 139.00 ± 29.66 mg/dL to 126.08 ± 32.00 mg/dL (P = 0.007) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) improved (7.23 ± 0.82% vs. 7.03 ± 0.69%, P = 0.041). Moreover, the fasting insulin (δ: -1.81 ± 3.61 μU/mL, P = 0.017) and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (δ: -0.87 ± 1.57, P = 0.009) levels decreased at 8 weeks, and body weight significantly decreased from 67.20 ± 8.29 kg to 66.43 ± 8.12 kg (P = 0.008). Body mass index (BMI) also decreased in accordance with this (from 25.59 ± 1.82 kg/m² to 25.30 ± 1.86 kg/m², P = 0.009), as did waist circumference (δ: -1.31 ± 2.04 cm, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: The consumption of diabetes-specific ONS with allulose in overweight or obese patients with T2DM improved glycemic profiles, such as FBG, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR, and reduced body weight and BMI.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.955-962
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• 2005

본 시험은 두충 잎을 저질 조사료인 볏짚의 일부로 대체․이용할 목적으로 평균체중 50.2 $\pm$1.6kg의 건강한 숫 면양(Corriedale$\time$Polwarth) 4두로 4$\time$4 라틴 방각법으로 실시하였으며, 이때 농후사료 : 조사료의 비율은 3：7이었다. 시험구는 두충을 대체하지 않은 대조구와 조사료인 볏짚의 건물을 기준으로 음건 두충 잎을 3, 5 및 10% 대체한 4개 처리구를 공시하였으며, 영양소 이용율, 기호성, 반추위 내 발효 특성 및 미생물체단백질 합성량을 조사․분석하였다. 조지방 소화율은 3% 구와 5% 구가 대조구에 비하여 약 12.5-17.5%로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 조섬유 소화율은 두충잎을 대체한 모든 처리구가 대조구에 비하여 약 10.6-13.7%로 개선되었다(p<0.05). 건물 섭취량은 10% 구가 844g으로 가장 많았으며 5% 구는 그 다음으로 많이 섭취하였으며, 대조구와 3% 구는 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). 질소 축적량은 3% 구가 대조구에 비하여 약 97%가 개선되었으며, 5% 구와 10% 구가 약 173-192%가 개선되었다(p<0.05). 유기물 이용율은 3% 구와 5% 구가 대조구에 비해 높았다(p<0.05). PD(purine derivatives) 배설량은 5% 구가 2.90mmol/d로 대조구와 3% 구에 비하여 높았다(p<0.05). 미생물체단백질 합성량은 5% 구가 2.51gN/d로 대조구와 3% 구에 비하여 높았다(p<0.05). 반추위내 total VFA 함량은 두충 잎 처리구에서 높게 나타났다. RAN 함량은 두충 잎 급여 후 1-4시간에 15-19mg/100ml로 높게 유지되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면, 두충 잎을 음건하여 반추동물에게 5-10%를 대체하여 급여할 경우 영양소 소화율, 기호성 및 반추위 내 발효조건 개선에 유리할 것으로 생각된다.