• 제목/요약/키워드: dietary nitrogen

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맹장 결찰계(Cecal-ligated Chicken)를 이용한 [15N]urea의 이용성에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Utilization of Dietary [15N]urea in Cecal Ligated Chickens)

  • 손장호
    • 한국가금학회지
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    • 제38권1호
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    • pp.37-43
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    • 2011
  • 본 연구는 맹장 결찰계를 이용하여서 [15N]urea의 이용성을 조사하였다. 질소의 balance 및 이용률은 맹장 결찰 수술에 의해서 높아지는 경향이 인정되었다. 이는 맹장 결찰 수술로 인한 요산 배설량의 유의한 감소로 인한 결과였다(사료 및 요소 유래 질소 이용률, P<0.01). 닭에 있어서 맹장 결찰 수술은 사료 유래 ammonia 배설량은 증가(P<0.01), 요소 유래 ammonia배설량은 감소(P<0.01)시켰다. 요소 유래, 요소질소의 배설량은 맹장 결찰 수술에 의해서 유의하게 증가하였지만(P<0.01), 맹장 결찰계도 5% 단백질 사료와 같이 급여한 요소를 51.6%정도 이용하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 닭에 있어서 단백질 수준이 결핍된 사료와 같이 급여된 요소의 이용에 있어서 맹장은 유의한 역할을 한다고 할 수 있다. 하지만 질소의 이용에 있어서는 반드시 긍정적인 역할만을 한다고는 결론내릴 수 없다.

Growth Performance, Humoral Immune Response and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens Fed Alkali Processed Karanj Cake Incorporated Diet Supplemented with Methionine

  • Panda, K.;Sastry, V.R.B.;Mandal, A.B.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제18권5호
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    • pp.677-681
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    • 2005
  • A study was conducted to see the effect of dietary incorporation of alkali (1.5% NaOH, w/w) processed solvent extracted karanj cake (SKC) supplemented with methionine on growth performance, humoral immune response and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens from 0 to 8 weeks of age. One hundred and twenty, day- old broiler chicks were wing banded, vaccinated against Marek' disease and distributed in a completely randomized design (CRD) into 3 groups of 40 chicks each, which was further replicated to 4 and fed on diet containing soybean meal and those of test groups were fed diets containing alkali (1.5% NaOH) treated SKC partially replacing soybean meal nitrogen of reference diet (12.5%) without or with supplementation of methionine (0.2%). Individual body weight of chicks and replicate-wise feed intakes were recorded at weekly intervals throughout the experimental period. Feed consumption from 1 to 14, 28, 42 and 56 d of age was recorded for each replicate and feed conversion efficiency (weight gain/feed intake) for the respective period was calculated. Mortality was monitored on daily basis. On 28$^{th}$ day of experimental feeding, two birds of each replicate in each dietary group (8 birds/diet) were inoculated with 0.1 ml of a 1.0% suspension of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and the antibody titre (log 2) was measured after 5 days by the microtitre haemmagglutination procedure. After 42 days of experimental feeding, a retention study of 4 days (43-47 d) duration was conducted on all birds to determine the retention of various nutrients such as DM, N, Ca, P and GE. On 43$^{rd}$ day of experimental feeding, one representative bird from each replicate of a dietary treatment (4/dietary group) was sacrificed, after fasting for two hours with free access to water, through cervical dislocation to observe the weight of dressed carcass, primal cuts (breast, thigh, drumstick, back, neck and wing), giblet (liver, heart and gizzard), abdominal fat and digestive organs. The body weight gain of chicks fed reference diet and those fed diet incorporated with NaOH treated SKC (12.5% replacement) with or without methionine supplementation was comparable during 0 to 4 weeks of age. However, dietary incorporation of alkali processed SKC replacing 12.5% nitrogen moiety of soybean meal resulted in growth retardation, subsequently as evidenced by significantly (p<0.05) lowered body weight gain during 0 to 6 weeks of age in birds fed diet incorporated with alkali processed SKC at 6.43% without methionine as compared to those supplemented with methionine or reference diet. Dietary incorporation of alkali (1.5% NaOH) processed SKC replacing 12.5% of soybean meal nitrogen in the diet of broiler chickens had no adverse effect on feed conversion ratio during all the weeks of experimental feeding. The humoral immune response (HIR) as measured by the antibody titre in response to SRBC inoculation was comparable among all the dietary groups. No significant difference in the intake and retention of DM, N, Ca, P or GE was noted among the chicks fed reference and alkali processed SKC incorporated diets with or without methionine supplementation. None of the carcass traits varied significantly due to dietary variations, except the percent weight of liver and giblet. The percent liver weight was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the birds fed diet incorporated with alkali processed SKC as compared to that in other two groups. Thus solvent extracted karanj cake could be incorporated after alkali (1.5% NaOH, w/w) processing at an enhanced level of 6.43%, replacing 12.5% of soybean meal nitrogen, in the broiler diets up to 4 weeks of age, beyond which the observed growth depression on this diet could be alleviated by 0.2% methionine supplementation.

Effects of Protein Supply from Soyhulls and Wheat Bran on Ruminal Metabolism, Nutrient Digestion and Ruminal and Omasal Concentrations of Soluble Non-ammonia Nitrogen of Steers

  • Kim, Jeong-Hoon;Oh, Young-Kyoon;Kim, Kyoung-Hoon;Choi, Chang-Won;Hong, Seong-Koo;Seol, Yong-Joo;Kim, Do-Hyung;Ahn, Gyu-Chul;Song, Man-Kang;Park, Keun-Kyu
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제22권9호
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    • pp.1267-1278
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    • 2009
  • Three beef steers fitted with permanent cannulae in the rumen and duodenum were used to determine the effects of protein supply from soyhulls (SH) and wheat bran (WB) on ruminal metabolism, blood metabolites, nitrogen metabolism, nutrient digestion and concentrations of soluble non-ammonia nitrogen (SNAN) in ruminal (RD) and omasal digesta (OD). In a 3${\times}$3 Latin square design, steers were offered rice straw and concentrates formulated either without (control) or with two brans to increase crude protein (CP) level (9 vs. 11% dietary DM for control and bran-based diets, respectively). The brans used were SH and WB that had similar CP contents but different ruminal CP degradability (52 vs. 80% CP for SH and WB, respectively) for evaluating the effects of protein degradability. Ruminal ammonia concentrations were higher for bran diets (p<0.01) than for the control, and for WB (p<0.001) compared to the SH diet. Similarly, microbial nitrogen and blood urea nitrogen were significantly increased (p<0.05) by bran and WB diets, respectively. Retained nitrogen tended (p<0.082) to be increased by SH compared with the WB diet. Intestinal and total tract CP digestion was enhanced by bran diets. In addition, bran diets tended (p<0.085) to increase intestinal starch digestion. Concentrations of SNAN fractions in RD and OD were higher (p<0.05) for bran diets than for the control, and for WB than for the SH diet. More rumendegraded protein supply resulting from a higher level and degradability of CP released from SH and WB enhanced ruminal microbial nitrogen synthesis and ruminal protein degradation. Thus, free amino acids, peptides and soluble proteins from microbial cells as well as degraded dietary protein may have contributed to increased SNAN concentrations in the rumen and, consequently, the omasum. These results indicate that protein supply from SH and WB, having a low level of protein (13 and 16%, respectively), could affect ruminal metabolism and nutrient digestion if inclusion level is relatively high (>20%).

시판 사료를 먹인 틸라피아( Oreochromis nijoticus) 의 질소 및 인 부하량 (Nitrogen and Phosphorus Excretion of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fed Commercial Diets)

  • 김유희;조재윤;정관식
    • 한국양식학회지
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    • 제7권3호
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    • pp.165-175
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    • 1994
  • 육상에서 틸라피아를 양식할 때 문제가 되는 질소 및 인의 부하량을 측정하기 위하여, 시판되는 상품 사료로 치어와 미성어를 사육하여 사료 중 영양 성분의 소화율과 분의 배설량 등을 통해 환경수계에 미치는 오염 부하량을 추정하였다. 시판되는 틸라피아 사료의 단백질 함량은 평균 $33.8\%$ (질소 함량 $5.4\%$)였고, 인 함량은 평균 $1.4\%$였으며, 사료 공급후 24 시간내에 총 분 배설량의 $60\%$가 배설되었다. 틸라피아 치어 (평균 어체중 65.2g) 및 미성어 (평균 어체중 389g)좌 단백질 소화율 및 인의 소화율은 거의 차이가 없었으나, 지방의 소화율은 치어가 높았다. 질소 수지는 치어와 미성어의 경우, 공급한 질소의 $7.1\%$$9.9\%$를 분으로 배설하였고 뇨와 아가미를 통하여는 각각 $55.5\%$$62.3\%$를 배설하여, 어체에는 각각 $37.4\%$$27.8\%$를 축적하였다. 따라서 성장함에 따라 질소의 축적량은 줄면서 배설량은 늘어나는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 치어 1 톤 생산당 질소 및 인 부하량은 평균 49.5 kg과 6.3 kg 이였고 미성어의 경우 61.3kg과 13.4kg으로 어체 크기가 클수록 오염 부하량도 많아졌다.

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Effects of Dietary Carbohydrases on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Blood Characteristics in Finishing Pigs

  • Kim, Keun Hyoung;Cho, Jin Ho;Kim, In Ho
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제55권4호
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    • pp.289-293
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    • 2013
  • The objective of this study was to assess the effects of dietary carbohydrases on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and blood characteristics in finishing pigs. A total of 90 pigs [(Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire) ${\times}$ Duroc] (initial BW = $56.15{\pm}1.26kg$) were used for a 35 d feeding trial. The dietary treatments included: 1) CON (control diet), 2) MIX (CON + mixture with ${\alpha}$-galactosidase and ${\beta}$-mannanase 0.05%) and 3) MAN (CON + ${\beta}$-mannanase 0.05%). There were six replications per treatment with five pigs per pen. The average daily gain (ADG) in MIX was higher than in CON (p<0.05). No significant differences were noted in the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed efficiency (G:F) among dietary treatments (p>0.05). Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM) and energy (E) in MIX increased (p<0.05) relative to CON and MAN. The ATTD of nitrogen (N) in MIX was higher (p<0.05) than in CON. No differences in red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes and IgG concentrations were observed among dietary treatments (p>0.05). In conclusion, the addition of the mixture of carbohydrases (${\alpha}$-galactosidase and ${\beta}$-mannanase 0.05%) increased ADG and nutrient digestibility in finishing pigs.

Effects of Dietary Coptis Chinensis Herb Extract on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Blood Characteristics and Meat Quality in Growing-finishing Pigs

  • Zhou, T.X.;Zhang, Z.F.;Kim, I.H.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제26권1호
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    • pp.108-115
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    • 2013
  • The effects of dietary Coptis chinensis herb extract (CHE) on growth performance, blood characteristics, nutrient digestibility and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs were investigated in an 18-wk feeding trial. A total of 36 Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire-Duroc pigs with an initial body weight of $20{\pm}1.0$ kg were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments with 6 replications per treatment and 2 pigs per pen. A maize-soybean meal-based diet was formulated as a control diet and other treatment diets were supplemented with 0.5, or 1 g CHE/kg, respectively. After the feeding period, meat samples were collected from those pigs that had reached the market BW. During the experimental periods, growth performance and apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen were unaffected (p>0.05) by the dietary supplementation of CHE. Plasma erythrocytes counts were increased (Linearly, p<0.05) in response to application of CHE at the end of the experiment. Moreover, pigs fed the CHE diets had better (p<0.05) meat color, pH and water holding capacity (WHC) than pigs fed the control diet. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with CHE could increase blood erythrocytes counts and improve meat quality in growing-finishing pigs but not improve growth performance.

Effects of fermented soybean meal on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, blood profile and fecal microflora in weaning pigs

  • Ding, Zhenyu;Chang, Kyung Hoon;Kim, Inho
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제47권1호
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 2020
  • A nutrition study on weaned pigs using fermented soybean meal was done to determine the effect on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, blood profile and fecal microflora. A total of 100 weaning pigs with an initial average body weight (BW) of 8.27 ± 1.10 kg were randomly allotted into 1 of 2 dietary treatments in a 6-week feeding trial. There were 10 replicate pens in each treatment with 5 pigs per pen. The dietary treatments included: 1) control: Basal diet (CON); 2) fermented soybean meal (FSBM): Basal diet supplemented with 5% fermented soybean meal. The average daily feed intake (ADFI) was significantly improved (p < 0.05) with the dietary supplementation of the FSBM compared with the control meal during phase 2. The dietary supplementation with 5% FSBM had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on gain to feed ratio (G : F) during the overall experiment period. Collectively, the results of this study indicate that dietary supplementation of 5% fermented soybean meal improved the body weight and average daily gain (ADG), ADFI, and feed efficiency of the weaning pigs; however, there were no supplementation effects on total tract digestibility of dry matter (DM), nitrogen, energy, blood profile and fecal microflora.

Characterization of Dietary Energy in Swine Feed and Feed Ingredients: A Review of Recent Research Results

  • Velayudhan, D.E.;Kim, I.H.;Nyachoti, C.M.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제28권1호
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    • pp.1-13
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    • 2015
  • Feed is single most expensive input in commercial pork production representing more than 50% of the total cost of production. The greatest proportion of this cost is associated with the energy component, thus making energy the most important dietary in terms of cost. For efficient pork production, it is imperative that diets are formulated to accurately match dietary energy supply to requirements for maintenance and productive functions. To achieve this goal, it is critical that the energy value of feeds is precisely determined and that the energy system that best meets the energy needs of a pig is used. Therefore, the present review focuses on dietary supply and needs for pigs and the available energy systems for formulating swine diets with particular emphasis on the net energy system. In addition to providing a more accurate estimate of the energy available to the animal in an ingredient and the subsequent diet, diets formulated using the this system are typically lower in crude protein, which leads to additional benefits in terms of reduced nitrogen excretion and consequent environmental pollution. Furthermore, using the net energy system may reduce diet cost as it allows for increased use of feedstuffs containing fibre in place of feedstuffs containing starch. A brief review of the use of distiller dried grains with solubles in swine diets as an energy source is included.

여대생의 식이내 단백질 종류에 따른 체내 단백질, 지방, 칼슘대사 및 면역능력에 관한 연구 (The Effect of Dietary Protein Source on Protein, Lipid, Calcium Metabolizm and Immune Response in College Women)

  • 장비귀
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제19권3호
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    • pp.177-189
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    • 1986
  • This study was undertalien to investigate the effects of dietary protein sources on protein, lipid, Ca. metabolism and immune response in college women (20), 16 of whom had Jupito constitutions and 4 had Hespero constitutions based on Kwon's theory . They were divided into 3 groups according to the main dietary protein source ; Beef group, Yellow tailrunner group and Soybean durd group. The menu of experimental diet of 3 group were same except their main dietary protein source(beef, yellow tailrunner, soybean curd). They were fed experimental diet for 4 days and their food intake was not restricted. Beef group in Jupito constitutions and yellow tailrunner group in Hespero constitutions were expected to present better effects than the other groups, because beef and yellow tailrunner are good for Jupito constitutions and Hespero constitutions, respectively. Results of Beef group in Jupito constitutions and Hespero constitutions, respectively. Results of Beef group in Jupito constitutions and yellow tailrunner group in Hespero constitutions were as following. 1) Calcium retention rate, Calcium apparent digestibility, serum Complement 3 concentration and LDL+ VLDLconcentration were higher in both groups. 2) Serum HDL concentration and immunoglobulin G concentration were lower in both groups than in the other groups. According to the main dietary protein sources, noted results were as following. 1) Serum total lipid and total cholesterol concentration were the significantly lowest in Soybean curd group. 2) Nitrogen retention rate was the significantly highest in Beef group.

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Weaning pig performance can be enhanced by replacing dietary inorganic copper and zinc with glycine or methionine-chelated copper and zinc

  • Sarbani Biswas;De Xin Dang;In Ho Kim
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제51권1호
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    • pp.53-61
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    • 2024
  • A total of 180 21-day-old weaning pigs ([Yorkshire × Landrace] × Duroc) with an initial body weight of 6.44 ± 0.01 kg were randomly assigned to 9 treatments for evaluating the effects of replacing dietary inorganic copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) with glycine (Gly) or methionine (Met)-chelated Cu and Zn on growth performance and nutrient digestibility. The experimental period was 35 days. There were four replicated pens per treatment, with five pigs (three males and two females) per pen. Dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet (CON), in which the sources of Cu and Zn were in inorganic form. The inorganic Cu and Zn in the basal diet were replaced by glycine-chelated (GC) and methionine-chelated (MC) Cu and Zn by 30, 50, 70, or 100% to form the GC1, GC2, GC3, GC4, or MC1, MC2, MC3, MC4 groups. The 100% replacement of dietary inorganic Cu and Zn with GC or MC increased (p < 0.05) average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gain-to-feed ratio. The complete replacement of dietary inorganic Cu and Zn with GC or MC led to enhanced (p < 0.05) digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, Cu and Zn. Thus, the replacement of inorganic Cu and Zn with GC or MC can improve the growth efficiency and nutrient utilization of weaning pigs.