• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.43-55
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• 1991

This experiment was conducted to study the sparing effects of animal proteins on weight gain, nutrients utilizability and economic analysis of broiler. Experiment diet contained different ratio of animal and plant protein and were supplemented different levels of methionine and lysine for the respective protein levels. A total of 264 broiler chicks were fed four diets of control, $T_1$, $T_2$ and $T_3$ for 42 days from April 7, 1990 to May 19, 1990. Dietary protein levels of control, $T_1$, $T_2$ and $T_3$ for starter and finisher were 20~18, 18~16, 18~16 and 22~20%, respectively. Methionine and lysine levels of control, $T_1$, $T_2$ and $T_3$ were 0.4~1.1, 0.44~1.21, 0.48~1.32 and 0.48~1.32% for starter diet, respectively, and were 0.32~0.90. 0.35~0.99, 0.38~1.08 and 0.38~1.08% for finisher diet, respectively. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. The birds fed control diet gained most for overall period. $T_3$ treatment which was high in protein, methionine and lysine levels gained most for finisher period. 2 The birds fed control diet consumed most feed, and the birds fed T$_3$ diet consumed least feed. for overall period. Feed conversion during 1~4 weeks was better in $T_1$ (1.51) and $T_2$ (1.53) than in control (1.61) and $T_3$ (1.63) . During 4~6weeks, feed conversion was better in $T_3$ (1.37) and control(1.58) than T, (2.05) and T, (2.16) (P＜0.01) 3. Dry matter, crude fiber and NFE utilizability were increased for 1~4 weeks and decreased for 4~6 weeks as methionine and lysine levels increased and crude protein utilizability tended to be increased as protein levels increased. 4. Abdominal fat content was lowest in bird fed control diet and was high in birds fed low protein diet Carcass percentage was highest at control and the abdominal fat content was higher in bird fed lower protein diet than bird fed other protein diets(P＜0.05). 5. Feed cost per kg weight gain was lowest at $T_3$ which contained more soybean oil meal than other feeds and next was control. According to the results of this experiment, it was revealed that optimum protein, methionine and lysine levels for starter and finisher broiler diet were 20~18, 0.4~0.32 and 1.1~0.9%, respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.354-361
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• 2019

The red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most important vegetables in traditional Korean food, containing vitamins A, C, and E, polyphenol, and flavonoids. In addition, red peppers have high anti-oxidant ability and are known to be effective in preventing obesity, diabetes, hypertension, digestive disorders, stress, and aging. In this study, we investigated the effects against obesity and diabetes of both fermented and non-fermented red pepper. C57BL/6N mice with induced obesity from an eight-week 45% high fat diet (HFD) were then fed either an HFD or diets containing 2.5% non-fermented red pepper marc (NRM), 1.25% fermented red pepper marc (FRM), or 2.5% FRM for a further eight weeks. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed seven weeks after dietary intake, and body weight, liver, epididymal fat weight, serum insulin level, and HOMA-IR were measured and a lipid content test performed at eight weeks. The results show that the 2.5% FRM diet reduced body and tissue weight, lipid content, serum insulin levels, and HOMA-IR compared to the 2.5% NRM and HFD diets. These results suggest that fermented red pepper is effective against obesity and diabetes. We will use this information as the basic data for the development of health food materials using red pepper.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.607-619
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to identify the concepts of body image, weight control and food behavior in 520 Korean high school seniors from Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate body image, concern of weight control, experience of weight control, the first time to try weight control, plan for weight control, reasons of weight control and food behaviors related with weight control. Anthropometric parameters such as weight and height were measured. Finally, data from 497 high school seniors were used for statistical analysis. The results were as follows. Many subjects had misperceptions. Among the subjects who perceived themselves as 'fat', 57.8% were normal weight and 0.5% underweight. Among the subjects who perceived themselves as 'thin', 59.5% were normal weight, 0.9% overweight and 0.9% obese. Girls were more concerned about weight control than boys (4.20 vs. 3.66). Weight loss had been experienced by 61.5% of the subjects and weight gain by 12.8%. First weight control was attempted by 71.3% of the subject at high school and by 28.7% at middle school. The majority of subjects planned for weight control before their freshman year. The boys choose 'health' as the primary reason for weight control, whereas the girls chose 'good appearance'. The total score of food behaviors varied significantly according to BMI. Overweight and obese subjects had more desirable food behaviors than normal weight and underweight subjects (24.00, 24.06 vs. 21.92, 21.52). However, total scores of food behaviors showed no variation according to sex, weight control attempt and body image. In conclusion, the high school seniors had misconceptions about body image and weight control. They were exposed to a high risk of inappropriate weight control and food behaviors. Therefore, proper nutritional education programs need to be developed for high school seniors to prevent nutrition problems related to weight control and to maintain desirable food behaviors.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.283-290
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• 2008

Hypercholesterolemia is associated with many pathological states such as fat deposit in the tendon and skin, hepatomegaly, pancreatitis and heart attack. The present study was focused on the effect of Korean red ginseng water extract (RGWE) on the recovery of hepatic function that was deteriorated in high-cholesterol diet fed mice. Mice were divided into 6 groups ; normal diet group (AIN-2WK), 4 week-high-cholesterol diet group (CHOL-4WK), 2 week-high-cholesterol + 2 week-normal diet group (CHOL-2WK), 2 week-high-cholesterol + 2 week-normal diet + RGWE treated group (R100, R300, R500). RGWE treated group received normal diet and RGWE at daily doses of 100, 300, 500 mg/kg b.w. for 2 weeks after the 2 weeks feeding of high-cholesterol diet. The results are as follows : 1. The hepatic weight and total hepatic lipid weight were markedly lower in RGWE treated group than those in the CHOL-4WK or CHOL-2WK group, indicating that ginseng inhibited hepatic hypertrophy. 2. Total hepatic cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol in normal diet conversion group (CHOL-2WK) were significantly reduced compared with the high cholesterol group (CHOL-4WK). The lowering effect was significantly reinforced by RGWE administration. 3. Hepatic triglyceride level of CHOL-4WK group was markedly lower than that of the normal group (AIN-2WK). However, the level was significantly increased in CHOL-2WK and RGWE treated group. The result indicated that ginseng administration and diet conversion exert normalizing effects of hepatic function. 4. The lipid peroxide levels in RGWE treated groups were markedly lower than CHOL-2WK group. These results suggest that Korean red ginseng water extract can be useful as a dietary supplement for the treatment of obesity or hypercholesterolemia by improving lipid metabolism and hepatic function.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.815-823
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• 2011

This study was carried out to analyze the change of major nutrient components of spaghetti squash by boiling. The moisture, crude protein, fat, ash and carbohydrate contents in fresh squash were 94.2%, 0.6%, 0.1%, 0.7% and 4.4% respectively as against 95.1%, 0.5%, 0.1%, 0.5% and 3.8% in boiled squash. The decrease in protein and ash contents of the boiled sample were found to be significant. Major component of the minerals were potassium and the fresh and boiled squash had the contents of 330 mg and 256 mg, respectively. There were no differences of dietary fiber between the fresh and boiled squash. Beta-carotene contents of the fresh and boiled spaghetti squash were $0.69{\mu}g$ and $2.22{\mu}g$, respectively. The contents of tocopherol were decreased as like 4.3 mg and 2.0 mg. A total of 17 kinds of amino acids were isolated from squash and they were decreased by boiling and the high content of amino acids in order were aspartic acid, glutamic acid, arginine, lysine, and leucine in raw squash. Particularly, total amino acid of fresh squash were 6,739.5 mg per 100 g edible portion and higher than that of boiled squash(4,820.3 mg). Total polyphenolic compound of the fresh squash from $297.3{\mu}g/mg$ was slightly decreased to $253.3{\mu}g/mg$ by boiling.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.84-103
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• 2012

Objectives : The middle school students'life style were studied with focus on Body Mass Index(BMI). Information was collected during 1st June 2009 to 10th July from 397 students(both male and female) by the subjective survey centered on personal characteristic, understanding about health in general, everyday activities, eating habits, preference in food, understanding about diet and obesity, and thoughts about fitness and diet. Methods : Students were selected from six classes by convenience sampling, then the final analysis was performed on 397 self-administered questionnaires, excepting 5 questionnaires, which have insincere answers. The data collection was carried out by SPSS(V.14.0 English Version), and the data was verified by $x^2$-test, ANOVA, multiple regression analysis. Results and Conclusion : The survey subjects were in the following distribution of body weights - underweight: 63.6%, normal weight: 29.5% and 6.9% were overweight. There was significantly different between BMI and mothers' occupation and satisfaction with school life(p<0.05). As for the analysis(multiple regression analysis) on understanding about health, the factors that affect BMI are self recognition of figure and efforts to reduce weight. In terms of efforts for one's own health, 78.2% of under weight and 82.3% of normal weight were taking active initiatives. But 85.2% of the overweight students were not giving any efforts. As for the free time activities, more than half answered, 'playing with computers'(48.4 - 66.7%, 1.57 hours on average). As for TV, on average, 2.03 hours were spent in overall. And it turned out that the overweight students spent more time watching TV by 46.49 minutes(0.77 hours) on average(p<0.05). 7.4 hours was the average sleeping time. As for the eating habit,'quantity of meal, snack, meal between meals, fat reduction, and supplementary food'were shown to be related to the BMI(p<0.05). The instant food, meat and sweet food were shown to be also related to the BMI. In terms of knowledge about overweight and diet, only 8 students(2% of the total) answered all 10 questions correct. On average, 7-8 questions were correctly answered(53.9 %). When the scores were analyzed against the BMI by classifying the scores to high, middle and low categories, it showed a relationship by different weight group(p<0.02), and the overweight students had higher score by 0.82 compared to the underweight students. When thoughts and attitude on fitness and diet were analyzed in relationship to the BMI, the result was only - "I try to eat fruits more often"(fruits)(p<0.00).

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.59 no.5
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• pp.10.1-10.11
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• 2017

Background: Transfer of pesticides from environment to animal products is inevitable, so the purpose of the present work was to evaluate phosalone consumption via feeding with or without sodium bentonite (SB) on performance, blood metabolites and its transition to milk of Iranian Baluchi sheep. Methods: Twenty Baluchi ewes were divided into four treatments (P1 as control, P2, P3, and P4) of five animals in which phosalone, an organophosphate pesticide, was given via diet (only for P2 and P3) at a dose of 280 mg/sheep/day for 63 consecutive days. The SB (32 g/sheep/day; for P3 and P4) was also evaluated for its ability to reduce deleterious effects of phosalone in the sheep diets. The control group (P1) did not receive any phosalone and SB during the experiment. Sampling was conducted in two periods of time including weeks 5 and 9. Results: Phosalone residues were observed in the milk samples of P2 and P3 groups during two sampling periods. During period 1, the transfer rate of phosalone from feed to milk was 0.23 and 0.02%, respectively for the contaminated diets (P2 and P3), which is relatively similar to period 2 (0.22 and 0.02%). Only 0.34 (period 1) and 0. 36% (period 2) of phosalone residue are excreted in the feces of P2 group following its daily consumption. Transfer of phosalone from feed to milk was affected (P < 0.05) by the dietary inclusion of a commercial SB, as it (SB) decreased excretion of phosalone via milk (P3). The phosalone and SB alone or together had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on the dry matter intake (DMI) and body weight (BW) gain, but feed efficiency, milk production, milk fat, dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity, hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), albumin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) affected by the treatments in period 1 or 2 (P < 0.05). The Hb, RBC, and MCHC were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) by about 9.72, 20.77, and 9.71%, respectively in the group P2 as compared to those of the control group during period 1. The AChE inhibitory activity (period 1 and 2) significantly increased when phosalone administered via the diet (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Although there were no adverse effects on the performance of sheep following the intake of phosalone alone (P2 vs. P1), but other research on the long and short times to the phosalone in high and low doses with more animals is suggested. Overall, compared to the control group, addition of SB in the diet of sheep improved nutrient digestibility, animal performance, and milk health.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.264-270
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• 1977

In order to investigate the effect of dietary fatty acids on lipids metabolism in adipose pads and superficial pectoral muscle of chicks, the present, experiment was carried out using signle comb White Leghorn male chicks fed a fat-free diet and diets containing margaric, stearic or linoleic acids. Total lipids of tissues were extracted with a chlorofrom-methanol solution. The lipid components were fractionated by thin layer chromatography and the fatty acid distribution of lipid fractions was determined by gas liquid chromatography. The neck adipose pads contained 34-62% total lipids, in which triglycerides, were dominant, being 97-98%. Margaric, stearic and linoleic acids were distributed at a relatively high rate in the adipose tissue when the corresponding acids were fed, and margaric acid feeding lowered palmitoleic acid distribution and linoleic acid feeding elevated stearic acid distribution. The wet superficial pectoral muscle contained 1.3-1.7% total lipids, of which 77-79% was phospholipids and 11-13% was free cholesterol. When margaric acid was fed, margaric and heptadecenoic acids appeared in the muscle lipids. When linoleic acid was fed, this acid was significantly highly distributed in every muscle lipid fractions, whereas, when stearic acid fed no elevation of stearic acid distribution was observed. In the muscle phospholipids, oleic acid was significantly highly distributed in the stearic acid fed chicks, and the linoleic acid feeding signigicantly lowered the distribution value of palmitic and oleic acids, but elevated the distribution value of stearic acid. And the linoleic acid feeding lowered the distribution value of eicosatrienoic acid and elevated the distribution value of arachidonic acid.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.97-102
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• 1999

Multiple symmetric lipomatosis(Madelung's disease) seems to represent a relatively common disease in Europe but has not been described in the Korean literature. It is characterized by highly typical symmetric deposits of subcutaneous fat on the neck, arms, and upper part of the trunk. The localized increase of adipose tissue is hyperplastic in nature and probably results from a local defect in adrenergic stimulated lipolysis. Multiple symmetric lipomatosis is frequently, but inconstantly, associated with alcoholism, liver disease, glucose intolerance, and hyperuricemia, but their etiologic role remains to be established. Clinical importance is the apparent high incidence of malignant tumors of the upper airways requiring through ear, nose, and throat and internal examination of all patients. Another importance is possibility of airway obstruction due to mass effect. Dietary treatment and weight loss are of limited value. Surgical treatment gives only temporary relief and should be restricted to patients with functional impairment. We report a case of a 63-year-old man with multiple symetric lipomatosis and alcoholism.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.654-666
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• 2018

This study was determined the effects of dietary omega-6 and 3 fatty acid ratios (n-6/n-3, 0, 4:1, 15:1, 30:1) on lipid metabolism in obese model animal rats. Blood triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, LDL-C, glucose, ALT, AST, insulin, and leptin concentrations in n-6/n-3 group were decreased by 22.21, 20.60, 52.96, 15.71, 11.97, 9.13, 37.57, 45.98%, respectively, while HDL-C and phospholipid concentrations were increased by 28.38, 80.39% respectively, compared with control group, as especially in 4:1 group showed the greatest effect. SREPB-$1{\alpha}$ and SREPB-2 mRNA in liver tissues were down-regulated in n-6/n-3 group, but LPL-mRNA of PPARs in adipose tissue was up-regulated compared with control group. The adipocyte size in liver tissues was decreased in the order of n-6/n-3 ratio of 30:1, control, 15:1 groups, and the adipocyte size in adipose tissues was decreased in the order of n-6/n-3 ratio of control, 30:1, 15:1, 4:1 groups.