• 한국가금학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.217-222
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• 2007

본 연구는 육계 사료 내 조단백질 수준에 따른 갯벌 미생물 유래 단백질 분해효소제를 첨가하였을 때 생산성, 영양소 소화율 및 혈액 내 total protein과 BUN 함량에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 실시하였다. 사양 시험은 2일령 Arbor Acres 육계(male) 480수를 공시하여 5주간 실시하였다. 시험 설계는 기초 사료 내 조단백질 함량과 효소제의 첨가 유무에 따라 high crude protein diet 처리구, high crude protein diet에 단백질 분해 효소제를 첨가한 처리구(high crude protein diet+0.1% protease), low crude protein diet 처리구 및 low crude protein diet에 단백질 분해 효소제를 첨가한 처리구(low crude protein diet+0.1% protease)로 4처리($2{\times}2$ factorial)를 하여 처리당 6반복, 반복당 20수씩 완전 임의 배치하였다. 전체 사양 시험 기간 동안, 증체량은 high crude protein diet 처리구들과 low crude protein diet에 단백질 분해 효소제를 첨가한 처리구가 low crude protein diet 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 사료 섭취량에서는 처리구간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 사료 요구율에서는 high crude protein diet 처리구들과 low crude protein diet에 단백질 분해 효소제를 첨가한 처리구가 low crude protein diet 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). 또한, 건물 소화율은 high crude protein diet 처리구들과 low crude protein diet에 단백질 분해효소제를 첨가한 처리구가 low crude protein diet 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높게 나타났고(P<0.05), 질소 소화율에서는 high crude protein diet에 단백질 분해 효소제를 첨가한 처리구가 low crude protein diet 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 증가하였다(P<0.05). 혈액 내 total protein 함량은 high crude protein diet 처리구가 다른 처리구들과 비교하여 유의적으로 증가하였고(P<0.05), BUN 함량은 처리구들 간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론적으로, 육계 사료 내 조단백질 수준에 따른 갯벌 미생물 유래 단백질 분해효소제의 첨가는 증체량, 사료 요구율, 영양소 소화율을 개선시켰고, 혈액 내 total protein 함량에 영향을 미쳤다.

• 한국양식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국양식학회 2003년도 추계학술발표대회 논문요약집
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• pp.73-73
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• 2003

This study was carried out to evaluate the utilization of fermented skipjack tuna viscera (FSTV) in the diet for juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai. Lactobacillus bulgaricus was used for fermentation of skipjack tuna viscera. Eight isonitrogenous (about 30% crude protein) diets were formulated to include different levels (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%) of FSTV as a replacer of either dietary fish meal or soybean meal. Three replicate groups of abalone were fed the experimental diets containing different levels of FSTV for 7 weeks. The inclusion of FSTV up to 30% in fish meal-based diet had no significant effect on survival, body weight, shell growth, and proximate composition of abalone (P>0.05). Weight gain of abalone fed the diet substituting 10% FSTV for soybean meal was not significantly different to that of abalone fed the control diet, however this value decreased in abalone fed the 20% and 30% FSTV (P<0.05).The contents of crude protein and lipid of soft body in abalone fed soybean meal-based diets were significantly affected by dietary FSTV level (P<0.05). The results of this study indicate that FSTV can be used as a partial substitute protein source for fish meal or soybean meal in the formulated diet for juvenile abalone.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2006

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of choice feeding on growth performance, carcass quality, gastrointestinal development and feed utilization of 22-49 days old broilers. One hundred and forty four 22-day-old broilers were randomly allocated to 3 treatments with 4 replicates per treatment and 12 birds per replicate. Three feeding regimes are complete diet (control), ground corn and protein concentrate (treatment I), and soybean meal and balancer (treatment II). Protein concentrate is the residue part of complete diet without corn, and balancer is the residue part of complete diet without soybean meal. Treatment I and II are designed for the broilers to freely choose the two parts of diet. The results showed that: (1) broilers under choice feeding (treatment I and II) had lower performances compared with the control; (2) gastrointestinal development and the efficiency ratios that broilers converted dietary crude protein and lysine to body weight gain were improved in treatment I (p<0.05); (3) there were no significant differences in the apparent metabolizabilities of dietary dry matter, crude protein and gross energy, and deposition ratios of dietary nitrogen and energy, and carcass quality among three feeding regimes (p>0.05).

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.777-782
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• 2000

To investigate the effects of growth and body composition of spotted sea bass (Lateolabrix sp.) by the supplemented dimethyl-$\beta$-propiothetin(DMPT). fish was fed the diets each containing 3 mM, 5 mM, 7 mM and 10 mM for eight weeks. The weight gain, feed efficiency and feed intake were significantly increased with dietary DMPT level. Condition factor was reduced by dietary DMPT supplementation. Crude protein content of fish after eight weeks increased with dietary DMPT level, whereas crude lipid content deceased with dietary DMPT level. Amino acid content was higher in DMPT-added group than control group. Amino acid composition was not influenced by dietary DMPT supplementation. Fatty acid content deceased with dietary DMPT level.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.87-100
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• 2015

It is well known that dietary protein affects the growth performance and carcass composition of poultry. Over the last several decades, numerous studies have been carried out to investigate to optimize the level of dietary protein since the protein is an important and expensive constituent in poultry feed. It is generally accepted that dietary protein should represent a balance of amino acids supporting the requirements for growth and maintenance of birds. A protein with balanced essential amino acids that matches a bird's requirement and sufficient non-essential amino acid nitrogen to enable the synthesis of all of the non-essential amino acids, is referred to as an 'ideal protein'. Feeding of excess protein or amino acids may result in an amount of nitrogen emission. Most common method to reduce nitrogen emission is using diet formulation which has lower dietary crude protein level and higher concentration of amino acid supplements. However, there are conflicting reports whether low protein diets supplemented with synthetic amino acids can obtain the growth performance equal to high protein diets. Excessive nitrogen excretion caused by amino acid imbalance also may influence the environment of poultry house due to ammonia production from uric acid. These environmental conditions may increase the incidence of skin problem or respiratory diseases of chickens. Various strategies based on comprehensive understanding should be tested to optimize nitrogen utilization and reduce nitrogen emission while maintaining the performance in poultry production.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1998

돌돔 사료의 적정 단백질 및 지질 함량을 구하기 위해 북양어분과 카제인을 단백원으로 하여 사료의 단백질 함량이 30, 40, 50 및 60%가 되도록 하고, 각 단백질 함량에 지질 함량이 8 및 16%가 되는 8종의 실험사료로 평균체중 7 g의 돌돔을 대상으로 8주간 사육 실험하였다. 사료의 단백질 함량에 따른 증체율 및 사료효율은 사료지질 8% 수준에서 사료단백질이 40% 이상인 사료구에서는 사료단백질 함량이 증가함에 따라 유의차 있게 증가하였으며(P<0.05), 사료지질 16% 수준에서는 사료단백질이 증가함에 따라 증가하다가, 사료단백질 50% 이상에서는 유의적인 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 사료지질 16% 수준에서 broken line model을 이용하여 증체율을 지표로 하여 돌돔의 적정 단백질 요구량을 구한 결과 46%로 추정되었다. 사료의 지질 함량에 따른 증체율은 사료단백질 40 및 50% 수준에서 고지질 사료구(16%)가 유의하게 높았으며, 사료효율은 모든 사료단백질 수준에서 고지질 사료구(16%)가 유의하게 높았다(P<0.05). 단백질 효율 및 단백질 축적율은 모든 사료단백질 수준에서 고지질 사료구가 높았다. 따라서 성장과 사료효율을 기준으로 볼 때 돌돔 사료의 적정 지질 함량은 16% 전후로 추정되었다. 전어체 및 등근육의 성분에서 단백질은 사료의 단백질 함량이 증가함에 따라 증가하다가 사료 단백질 40% 이상에서는 유의차가 없었으며, 지질은 모든 사료단백질 수준에서 고지질 사료구가 높았다. 간 및 내장의 성분에서 단백질은 사료의 단백질 함량에 따라 뚜렷한 경향이 없었지만, 지질은 모든 사료단백질 수준에서 고지질 사료구(16%)가 높았다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.204-215
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• 2019

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary energy and crude protein (CP) levels on growth performance, blood profiles, and carcass traits in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 180 crossbred pigs ([Yorkshire ${\times}$ Landrace] ${\times}$ Duroc) with an average body weight of $30.96{\pm}3.068kg$ were used for a 12-week feeding trial. Experimental pigs were allotted to a $2{\times}3$ factorial arrangement using a randomized complete block (RCB) design. The first factor was two levels of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) density (13.40 MJ/kg or 13.82 MJ/kg), and the second factor was three dietary CP levels based on subdivision of growing-finishing phases (high: 18%/16.3%/16.3%/13.2% middle: 17%/15.3%/15.3%/12.2% and low: 16%/14.3%/14.3%/11.2%). Average daily gain (ADG) and gain-feed ratio (G:F ratio) decreased as dietary CP level was decreased linearly (linear, p < 0.05; p < 0.05, respectively) in the early growing period, and G:F ration also decreased as dietary CP level was decreased linearly (linearly, p < 0.05) over the whole growing phase. Over the entire experimental period, G:F ratio decreased as dietary ME level decreased (p = 0.01). Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration was increased as dietary energy level decreased in growing period (p < 0.01). During finishing period, total protein concentration was decreased by lower dietary energy level (p < 0.05). In this study, there were no significant differences in proximate factors, physiochemical properties, muscle TBARS assay results, pH changes, or color of pork by dietary treatments. However, saturated fatty acid (SFA) increased (p < 0.01) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) decreased (p < 0.05) when ME was decreased by 0.42 MJ/kg in growing-finishing pig diets. In addition, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) tended to increase when CP level was decreased in growing-finishing pig diets (p = 0.06). A growing-finishing diet of 13.82 MJ/kg diet of ME with the high CP level can improve growth performance and show better fatty acids composition of pork.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.267-271
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• 2005

A feeding trial was carried out to investigate the effect of various fish meals as dietary protein source on growth, feed utilization and body composition of Juvenile flounder. Ten experimental diets were prepared to contain different fish meals: 4 kinds of white fish meal (WM-1, 2, 3, 4), 3 kinds of herring meal (HM-1, 2, 3), mackerel meal (MM), WM mixture and HM+MM mixture. Dietary energy and protein levels were designed to be isocaloric ($3.8 kcal g^{-1}diet$) and isonitrogenous ($46\%$) by adjusting the levels of fish meal, wheat flour and squid liver oil. Three replicate groups of fish (initial mean weight: 11.1 g) were hand-fed to visual satiety two times daily for 7 weeks. Survival was not significantly different among all groups. Weight gain of fish fed the HM-1 and HM-3 diets was the highest, but not significantly different from that of fish fed the either WM-2 or HM+MM diets. The lowest weight gain was found in fish fed the W-1 and WM-3 diets. Feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the WM-2, HM-1, HH-3, MM and HM+MM diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed other diets. Daily feed intake of fish fed the WM-3 diet was highest, but not significantly different from that oi fish fed the either WM-4 or WMM diet. Significant differences were found in contents of moisture, crude protein, crude lipid and ash of whole body of fish. The results of this study indicated that growth of flounder can be affected by dietary fish meal source and quality, and WM-2, HM-1, HM-3 and HM+MM mixture are considered as useful dietary fish meal sources under these experimental conditions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.1004-1009
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• 2006

Four male crossbred native beef cattle (average body weight of 427.7 kg) were randomly allocated to four types of cassoy-urea pellet as a source of protein in concentrate according to a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design to determine effect of diets on ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestibility. The four types of cassoy-urea pellets contained cassava hay, soybean meal, urea and binding agent at 79.2:19.8:0:1 (27.9% CP dry matter), 78.4:19.6:1:1 (30.4% CP), 77.6:19.4:2:1 (33.0% CP) and 99:0:0:1 (23.8% CP) for dietary treatments; 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. All four concentrate mixtures contained similar crude protein levels (11% CP) and were fed to animals in two equal parts (0.5% of body weight per day) while urea-treated rice straw (5% urea) was given ad libitum. The experiment revealed that dietary concentrate treatments had no effect on dry matter intake while digestibilities of neutral-detergent fiber and crude protein were higher (p<0.05) in cattle fed dietary treatments 1, 2 and 3 than in cattle fed dietary treatment 4. Ruminal ammonia-nitrogen ($NH_3$-N), was higher and acetic acid concentration (C2) and ratio of C2 to propionic acid (C3) were lower (p<0.05) in cattle fed dietary treatments 1, 2 and 3 than in those on treatment 4. It is concluded that use of cassoy-urea pellet as a protein source in concentrates for cattle resulted in improvement of digestibility, ruminal fermentation and rumen ecology. Further research using cassoy-urea pellet in feeding trials with milking cows and fattening beef should be undertaken.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.331-335
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• 1996

A study was conducted to determine the carcass composition of broilers when fed with three varying levels of dietary energy (3,000, 3,200 and 3,400 kcal/kg ME) at 20% crude protein and 0.79% Total Sulphur Amino Acid. The results showed that there was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the ME intake of the chickens when the ME of the diet increased. Other factors like the protein intake, dressing percentage, weight gain and feed intake were not significantly affected. On the carcass, the increasing dietary ME levels resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the abdominal fat percentage and carcass fat percentage and a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the carcass protein percentage. Similarly, the dietary ME produced a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the amount of and fat percentages of breast meat, thigh meat, and drumstick meat with a significant reduction in the protein percentage. There seemed to be an inverse relationship between the percentages of protein and fat. An increase in fat percentages always resulted in similar reduction in the protein content of the meat. These results also showed major differences between the white and red meat of the chicken.