• Molecules and Cells
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.313-320
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• 2019

Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) develop through the continuous interaction with intestinal antigens such as commensal microbiome and diet. However, their respective roles and mutual interactions in the development of IELs are largely unknown. Here, we showed that dietary antigens regulate the development of the majority of $CD8{\alpha}{\beta}$ IELs in the small intestine and the absence of commensal microbiota particularly during the weaning period, delay the development of IELs. When we tested specific dietary components, such as wheat or combined corn, soybean and yeast, they were dependent on commensal bacteria for the timely development of diet-induced $CD8{\alpha}{\beta}$ IELs. In addition, supplementation of intestinal antigens later in life was inefficient for the full induction of $CD8{\alpha}{\beta}$ IELs. Overall, our findings suggest that early exposure to commensal bacteria is important for the proper development of dietary antigen-dependent immune repertoire in the gut.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2005

Objectives : The aim of this study was the collection of dietary treatments of atopic dermatitis Methods : We surveyed the western and oriental medical book concernig the atopic dermatitis. Results : The 20~30% of patients with atopic dermatitis have hypersensitivity reaction on the major food antigen. The food restriction to prevent allergy reaction need to take effect early during infancy and childhood. In oriental medicine, a heat-poison(熱毒) caused by food affects a fetus of pregnancy. So the food, the regimen and the harmony of the five tastes is stressed the need. When certain foods are restricted to prevent allergy reaction, infant and children with food related Atopic Dermatitis need extra dietary efforts to maintain optimal nutrition as they are in the growth period.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.104-111
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• 2001

The first purpose of this study was to determine the changes in the allergenicity of milk and egg with heat treatment. The allergenicity of milk and egg is known to have a strong antigen. The second purpose of this study was to observe changes of disestibility of milk and egg after heat treatment. For this study, passive cutaneous anaphylaxis(PCA) inhibition experiment by using guinea pig and nonprotein nitrogen(NPN)experiment were attempted. The result were following: 1. The allergenicity of both milk and egg was reduced by heat treatment. 2. The degree of hydrolysis and PCA inhibition increased with longer heating time. 3. The increse in both the degree of hydrolysis and PCA inhibition of milk was higher than that of egg. 4. Egg contained a greater amount of allergen than milk after heat treatment. 5. The digestibility of both milk and egg was reduced by heat treatment. 6. The digestibility was reduced further by increasing heating time. 7. The digestibility of egg was lower than that of milk after the treatment.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.569-577
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• 1996

This study was performed to determine the effect of maternal protein intake on 1) the concentration of immune substances in milk 2) degree of passive immunity to pups via lactation, and 3) specific antibody production to a specific antigen, $\beta$-lactoglobulin(BLG). 4) the effect of passive immunity that pups received from mother during lactation on the production of antibodies when the pups were challenged to the same antigen. Part of the female rats were immunized with BLG before and during pregnancy. The pregnant rats were placed into either 25% or 10% isolated soy protein diet throughout gestation and lactation. After weaning, pups from each group continued to be fed the same diet. At 18 weeks of age, all the pups were challenged with BLG. Total IgA and IgG, lysozyme, BLG-specific IgA and IgG were measured in dam's serum, dam's milk, and pup's serum. Total IgG, and lysozyme in dam's serum and milk were higher in high protein group. Total IgA and IgG in pup's serum remained higher in high protein group from 5 to 18 weeks of age. BLG-specific antibodies were found in the milk and serum of immunized dams, and in serum of pups born to immunized dams but not in the non-immunized group. BLG-specific IgA and IgG were again higher in high protein group and declined with time. The concentration decreased faster in the low proetein group than in the high protein groups. After immunization the pups with LBG, serum BLG-specific antibodies were not differ between rats born to immunized dams and those born to non-immunized dams. Therefore passive immunity rats received via milk as a pup had no effect on the BLG-specific antibody production later in life. This study shows the importance of protein status of mother and strongly support to the endorsement of breast feeding.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.140-146
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• 2023

In recent years, the number of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a condition that commonly occurs in elderly men, has increased due to aging and the adoption of western dietary habits. Treatment with chemical drugs, such as finasteride or dutasteride, can cause side effects such as erectile dysfunction or sexual problems. This necessitates the development of remedies using natural substances derived from food ingredients. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of Oxya chinensis sinuosa hot water extract (OCH) on BPH production in LNCaP cells, a hormone-dependent prostate cancer cell line. We found that the mRNA expression of androgen receptor (AR), prostate specific antigen (PSA), and, 5α-reductases 1, and 2 decreased following treatment with OCH. Furthermore, OCH treatment resulted in reduced protein expression of BPH regulators, such as AR. Collectively, these results suggest that OCH exerts a beneficial effect on BPH by inhibiting the AR signaling pathway, indicating the potential of OCH as a therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of BPH.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.167-170
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• 2004

Lactic acid bacteria (LABs) have been proposed as a potential oral allergy-therapeutic means of modulating immune phenotype expression in vivo, via promoting or reducing cytokine production. This study investigated the ability of LABs to suppress allergic response via modulating cytokine production in mice splenocytes. BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally primed with ovalbumin together with alum adjuvant to invoke antigen-specific Th1/Th2 cytokine-secreting cell populations in splenocytes. Spleen cells from mice fed with Lactobacillus confusus PL9001 (KCCM-10245), L. fermentum PL9005 (KCCM-10250), L. plantarum PL9011 (KCCM-10358), and Bifidobacterium infantis PL9506 (KCCM-10406) suppressed the levels of Th2 cell cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-5 during antigen sensitization. In addition, all mice fed with LABs induced secretion of Th1 cell cytokines such as IL-2 in splenocytes. These results suggested that LABs are anti-allergic agents, in view of their Th1/anti-Th2 immunoregulation.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.31-34
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• 2004

This paper reviews the effects of Spirulina platensis and its extracts and phycocyanin, a blue photosynthetic pigment protein in Spirulina on the mucosal immune functions in humans and animals as follows: TEX>$\bullet$ IgA antibody response and other classes in mucosal immunity of mice treated with Spirulina platensis and its extract. $\bullet$ Effect of Spirulina phycocyanin ingestion on the mucosal antibody responses in mice. - Distinct effects of phycocyanin on secretory IgA and allergic IgE antibody responses in mice following oral immunization with antigen-entrapped biodegradable microparticles. $\bullet$ Influence of dietary Spirulina platensis on IgA level in human saliva. $\bullet$ A study on enhancement of bone-marrow cell-proliferation and differentiation by Spirulina platensis in mice: in vivo and in vitro study

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of diets containing genistein and soy extract on the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells implanted into female Balb/c mice. Four-week-old female athymic nude mice (Balb/c) were acclimated to an AIN-93G control diet for 1 week and then injected MDA-MB-231 cells ($1{\times}10^6$/site) and were continued on the on AIN-93G control diet. Five weeks after injecting the MDA-MB-231 cells ($1{\times}10^6$/site), two experimental groups were assigned to diets containing genistein (750 ${\mu}g/g$ AIN-93G diet) or 0.6% soy extract (containing genistein at 750 ${\mu}g/g$ AIN-93G diet) until they were sacrificed. Tumor growth was significantly reduced in the groups treated with genistein and soy extract compared to the control group. The results of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) assay also revealed that genistein and soy extract treatment reduced the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells in vivo. In the present study, dietary isoflavone was provided just before solid tumor formation, and thus the timing of dietary isoflavone administration may be critical to the suppression of tumor growth.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.201-206
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate dietary effects of illite on humoral immune response against Salmonella typhimurium flagella in Hyline Brown laying hens. Total of twenty eight 36-week-old hens were divided into two groups; The first was fed commercial diet as control and the other was fed diet containing 2 % illite. Each group was divided into 2 sub-groups and then performed immunization of Salmonella flagella with different adjuvants which were Freund's adjuvant and croton oil. The rates of egg-production in all groups were normal range but no difference was found between illite-treated and untreated groups. The serum antibody titers of Freund's adjuvant-used subgroup in illite fed groups were significantly increased, especially from 6-to 9-week after $1^{st}$ immunization compared to those of control groups (p<0.05). And the antibody titers of croton oil-used subgroup in illite-fed groups were also significantly increased, especially at 4-, 6- and 7-week (p<0.05). The results demonstrated that the feeding illite stimulated the immune response against S. typhimurium flagella antigen in laying hens and suggest that the supplementation of illite to the poultry diets may support protective effects against bacterial infections such as Salmonellosis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.1598-1604
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• 2001

Eight $12.4{\pm}0.6kg$ initial body weight crossbred barrows were used to determine the effect of soybean galactooligosaccharides on nutrient and energy digestibility, and digesta transit time. Four dietary treatments were utilized in this trial. Treatment one was a corn-soybean meal based diet (SBM) containing raffinose and stachyose at the levels of 0.16% and 0.75%, respectively. Treatment two (control) was a corn-HP300 (soybean concentrate protein) diet. In treatments three and four, 1.1% and 2.2% commercial stachyose was added to the control diet to provide total dietary stachyose at the levels of 1% and 2%, respectively. The soybean galactooligosaccharides (raffinose + stachyose) level in treatment one was slightly lower compared to that in treatment three. Three collection periods were run with two pigs for each treatment/period. There was a 4 d adjustment period followed by a 3 d collection period. The results showed that the nitrogen retention (86.79%) of pigs fed treatment two diet was higher than that of pigs fed treatment one by 5.2% (p<0.05). The nitrogen retention of treatment three was intermediate 83.09%. The apparent fecal digestibility of all amino acids in treatment two was numerically highest, followed by treatments three and four. However, there were no significant difference among groups (p>0.05). The dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), and crude fiber (CF) digestibility numerically decreased as the soybean galactooligosaccharides level increased, but were not significantly different (p>0.05). Chromium content in feces (from the inclusion of 0.3% chromic oxide in the diets) differed among treatments (p<0.05) at 15 h, 18 h, and 21 h after eating. This showed that the digesta transit time was differed significantly among treatments. Treatment four was the shortest, followed by treatment three, SBM and control. The results demonstrated that in the absence of antinutritional factors and soybean antigen protein, inclusion of 1% and 2% stachyose in corn-HP300 diet has no significant effect on the digestibility of DM, OM, CP, CF and amino acids. When the soybean galactooligosaccharide level in diet one and diet three were adjusted to be almost the same, antinutritional factors such as trypsin inhibitor and soybean antigen protein could decrease the nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention rate of diet. High levels of soybean galactooligosaccharides shortened the digesta transit time in the intestinal tract. This trial suggested that the total level of soybean galactooligosaccharides (stachyose+raffinose) in the weanling piglet diet is better not to exceed 1% when common soybean meal is used as main protein source.