• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.354-365
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• 2016

Objectives: Studies that reported the association between diet quality/nutritional intake status and mortality have rarely used long-term follow-up data in Asian countries, including Korea. This study investigated the association between the risk of mortality (all-cause and cause-specific) and the diet quality/nutritional intake status using follow-up 12-year mortality data from a nationally representative sample of South Koreans. Methods: 8,941 individuals who participated in 1998 and 2001 Korea Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were linked to mortality data from death certificates. Of those individuals, 1,083 (12.1%) had died as of December, 2012. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the relative risks of mortality according to the level of diet quality and intakes of major nutrients. Indicators for diet quality index and nutritional intake status were assessed using MAR (mean adequacy ratio) and energy and protein intake level compared with the 2010 Korean DRI. Results: Higher diet quality/nutritional intake status were associated with lower mortality; the mortality risk (95% confidence interval) from all-cause of lowest MAR group vs highest was 1.66 (1.27 to 2.18) among ${\geq}30$ year old, and 1.98 (1.36 to 2.86) among 30~64 year old individuals. Those with below 75% of energy and protein intake of Korean DRI had higher mortality risks of all-cause mortality compared to the reference group. Diet quality/nutritional intake status was inversely associated with mortality from cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Conclusions: Poor Diet quality/nutritional intake status were associated with a higher risk of mortality from all-cause and mortality from cardiovascular diseases and cancer among South Korean adults.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore coordination strategy through reviewing policies, action plans and acts related to diet, nutrition and obesity from many sectors in Korea, and to develop a possible multi-sectoral approach. Methods: Literature reviews and empirical findings for ongoing international and domestic policies/programs on diet, nutrition and obesity in Korea. Results: Central and local governments have various policies/programs and related acts to improve nutrition and to reduce obesity. Meanwhile, those governments' activities are frequently criticized to be more coordinated in order to achieve their aims. Activities on nutrition and obesity prevention have interdepartmental characteristics but are scattered through six Ministries (including the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Employment and Labor, Ministry of Culture and Sports, and Ministry of Food/Drug Safety) and 27 Acts such as 'Nutrition Management Act', 'Health Promotion Act', 'Diet Education Support Act'. As a result, a number of areas, especially dietary guidance, nationwide surveys, education programs seem to overlap. Conclusions: Inter-ministerial coordination mechanism should be established to enforce multi-sectoral engagement and cooperation in implementing policies/programs on nutrition and obesity prevention. Furthermore, functions of the Ministries should be reorganized and coordinated in reference to other countries' experiences.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.34-49
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate nutrition intake and diet quality according to beverage consumption status in elementary school students (ESS = 317), middle-school students (MSS = 431), and high-school students (HSS = 373). We analyzed data from the combined 2007-2008 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Subjects were divided into two groups, the non-beverage group and the beverage intake group according to beverage intake from drink types (fruit-vegetable drinks, carbonated drinks, and dairy drinks). Intake of dairy drinks was significantly lower in the carbonated drinks intake (CDI) group, compared with the non-CDI group in the MSS group. Intake of vitamin C was significantly higher in the fruit-vegetable drinks intake (FVDI) group, compared with the non-FVDI group. Intake of Ca and P was significantly lower in the CDI group, compared with the non-CDI group. Intake of vitamin B2, Ca, and P was significantly higher in the dairy drinks intake (DDI) group, compared with the non-DDI group. The mean adequacy ratio (MAR) of the FVDI group and the DDI group was significantly higher than those of the non-FVDI and non-DDI group. In diet quality, nutrients less than 1 on the index of nutritional quality (INQ) were significantly higher in the CDI group, compared with the non-CDI group. In conclusion, consumption of carbonated drinks dropped the diet quality however, consumption of fruit-vegetable drinks and dairy drinks improved the diet quality of micronutrients. Therefore, a well-planned diet must be used for replacement of nutrients lost from excessive intake of carbonated beverages during a time in life when growth is especially prominent.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.261-270
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to identify the differences of older adults' perceptions of foodservice quality attributes of current offerings in Continuing Care Retirement Communities (CCRCs) in terms of their lifestyles (length of residency, special diet, housing option, travel frequency, dine out frequency), dining frequency, and demographics in the dining room of CCRCs. The survey was administered to residents in three CCRCs. Data was analyzed for 140 surveys using t-test, ANOVA, and factor analysis. This study found female older adults perceived the following attributes were more important than male ones: presentation of food, color and garnish, texture of vegetables, taste and flavor of food, and respectful attitude of serving staff. Older adults who have a special diet perceived the seasoning and bite sized pieces were more important than those who have a general diet. Also, there were significant differences between frequent visitors and occasional visitors in the dining room of CCRCs. By knowing the differences by residents' demographics and residential characteristics, the foodservice manager can establish strategies to increase the dining frequency of residents in the dining rooms of CCRCs.

• 대한치위생과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.39-51
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• 2021

Background: Limited information is available regarding the associations of various nutrients and periodontitis in Korea. Furthermore, these associations have been controversial in previous studies. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the associations between several nutrients and periodontitis. Methods: Pooled data from the 2007~2010 and 2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) were used for the present study. Periodontitis was defined using the World Health Organization (WHO) Community Periodontal Index. All participants completed the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), which was analyzed using CAN-Pro 4.0. Vitamins A, B₁, B₂, and C, iron, phosphorus, calcium, and protein were selected for analysis. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) for periodontitis. Results: Lower intake of phosphorus (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.86), calcium (AOR = 1.25), and protein (AOR = 1.52) were associated with periodontitis in males, and lower intake of vitamins A (AOR = 1.32), B1 (AOR = 1.21), B2 (AOR = 1.24), and C (AOR = 1.21), iron (AOR = 1.25), phosphorus (AOR = 1.33), and protein (AOR = 1.27) showed significant relationships with periodontitis in females. In the sociodemographic, somatic, and health behavior-adjusted models, lower phosphorus (AOR = 2.68) and protein (AOR = 1.68) intake in younger males, and lower vitamin A intake (AOR = 1.37) in middle-aged females were significantly associated with periodontitis. Conclusions: The results of the present study demonstrated a significant association between periodontitis and nutrient intake. To avoid an insufficient nutrient supply for a patient with periodontal disease, the patient's diet should be closely monitored.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.476-488
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Dietary sugars intake worldwide is stable or decreasing, but overall sugars intake remains above the recommended level. Some studies suggest that ultra-processed foods (UPFs) drive excessive sugars intake. However, UPF consumption in Korea and its association with sugars intake have not yet been studied. This study aimed to estimate the contribution of UPF consumption to total sugars intake and to investigate the association between UPF consumption and total sugars intake in Koreans. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016-2018 were used, and included data on 21,075 participants aged 1+ years completed a 24-h recall. Food items reported in the 24-h recall were classified according to the NOVA system as UPFs, processed foods, processed culinary ingredients, or unprocessed or minimally processed foods. RESULTS: The average daily energy intake was 1,996 kcal, and UPFs accounted for 26.2% of the total energy intake (% TE). The average total sugars intake was 63.1 g (13.0% TE), and 44.9% of total sugars intake came from UPFs. Among the entire population, 15.8% exceeded the recommended limit for total sugars within 20% TE, and excessive total sugars intake was more prevalent among females (19.5%) and children (21.1%). The prevalence of excessive total sugars intake showed a significantly increasing tendency across the quartiles of UPF energy contribution, ranging from 11.9% in the lowest quartile to 23.2% in the highest quartile. Even after adjustment for sociodemographic variables, UPF consumption was positively associated with the prevalence of excessive total sugars intake (P for trend < 0.001). This association was similar in subgroup analyses by sex and age. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that UPF consumption may drive excessive intake of total sugars in the Korean diet. Our findings conclusively establish that restricting UPF consumption may be an efficient way to reduce sugars intake in Korean population.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.697-708
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to analyze the contents of the questionnaires used in dietary surveys and to evaluate each item in relation to the item construction strategy. Articles of which the contents were related to food, nutrition, diet, dietary behavior, and related areas. Published from 1997 to 1999 were searched fir and a total of 121 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. The questions in the questionnaires were classified into related areas and sub-areas. Among the keywords in the title of the articles, the term 'nutritional status'(or 'dietary intake status') was most frequently used. The terms such as dietary status, obesity, health, food habit, and dietary behavior were also frequency used. Major topics of the items in the questionnaires varied according to the life cycle of the subjects of the study. The topics most frequently asked in each lift cycle were as follows : overeating, snack, and food preference for preschool- and school-aged children ; anthropometry, weight control, and snack for middle and highschool students : meal skipping, smoking, and drinking for college students : disease, smoking, drinking, and exercise for adults : and smoking, drinking, disease and perceived health for the elderly. Inappropriate questions with complicated language, typographic and grammatic errors, unnecessary words, and negative questions were found. Therefore, care should be taken to construct each question so as to avoid possible misinterpretation. Also, a standardized questionnaire be developed for survey researchers.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제64권9호
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• pp.443-458
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• 2021

In Korea, several national cross-sectional surveys monitor the diet, nutritional status, and health status of children. This continual dedicated national surveillance system contributes to the identification of nutritional and health issues, establishment of public health policies, and development of nutrition recommendations. This paper provides recent information about the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey and describes key nationwide survey findings published in the last 5 years on infant feeding practices and the dietary intake and nutritional status of Korean infants, children, and adolescents. There have been increasing trends in children, and teenagers who skip breakfast, eat fast food, consume sugary drinks, have vitamin D deficiency, and are obese. This review will inform pediatricians, nutritionists, and other health care practitioners who track children's growth and development. It may also help researchers and policymakers identify diet-related policies and strategies for chronic disease prevention in Korean infants, children, and adolescents.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.485-495
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• 2021

Recently, vegetarian diets have experienced a dramatic increase in popularity. The aim of the study is to explore and test the relationship between the factors influencing consumers' dietary decisions in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The questionnaire applied a five-point Likert scale to investigate factors that affect Ho Chi Minh City's citizens when they have a vegetarian diet. 497 respondents (68% female; 61.2% aged 18-22; 82.7% had regular vegetarian diets) living in Ho Chi Minh City took part in both online and offline surveys. The results were processed by SPSS 22.0 software. The reliability was checked by Cronbach Alpha and Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to identify the underlying relationships between measured variables. The Correlation analysis was implemented to show how strong and degree of two variables are related to each other before the multivariate regression equation was analyzed. The result showed the Five factors that were motivating people in Ho Chi Minh City to decide on plant-based diets, such as Animal Welfare, Health, Religion, Mood, and Reference groups. The mood is the most influential variable that significantly influences people's food choices. Attitudes toward vegetarian diets are changing. Therefore, recognizing the trends in food consumption might help companies take advantage of investment opportunities and build their marketing strategies.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.175-189
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between pack-years of smoking, metabolic biomarkers, and diet quality in male adults. We analyzed data from the combined 2007-2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The extent of smoking was quantified in pack-years (py), with 1 py equivalent to 20 cigarettes per day for 1 year. Subjects (n=1,318) were recruited and divided into two groups according to age (30~49 years age group, n=695; ${\geq}50$ years age group, n=623). In ach age group, subjects were divided into three groups according to the extent of smoking, which included non-smokers (30~49 years, n=156; ${\geq}50$ years, n=217), light smoker (30~49 years, n=269; py<16; ${\geq}50$ years, n=189, py<31), and moderate smoker (30~49 years, n=270; $py{\geq}16$; ${\geq}50$ years, n=217, $py{\geq}31$). The Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (NAR) and the number of foods (Dietary Variety Score, DVS) were analyzed by using the data from the 24-recall method. The results showed that moderate smokers were significantly more likely to drink alcohol compared with the other two groups. Triglyceride and cholesterol levels were significantly higher in smoker groups. The non-smoker group consumed significantly higher levels of vitamin C and potassium compared to the smoker groups. In the diet quality, vitamin C NAR of non-smoker group was significantly higher than those of smoker groups. In the ${\geq}50$ age group, the MAR of nonsmoker, light, and moderate smoker groups were 0.81, 0.78, and 0.78 respectively. The smoker group consumed significantly greate sugar and oils compared to the non-smoker group. Py showed a significantly positive relationship with serum triglyceride level, and a negative relationship with MAR after adjusting for potential confounding factors. In conclusion, male moderate smokers take too little vitamin C, partly due to low diet quality. Therefore, a well-planed diet must be used to replace the nutrients lost from excluded food groups in smoker.