• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.357-361
• /
• 2008

Although power analysis is of important tool of research, investigators in veterinary medicine are unaware of the concepts of the statistical power. Two types of error occur in classical hypothesis testing and, those errors should be avoided, if possible. Since power is highly dependent on the sample size, whenever declaring non-statistically significant result they should consider the potential for committing a Type II error in their studies, which refers to the probability of falsely stating that two treatments are equivalent despite true difference between them. Also, sample size determination is one of the most important tasks facing the researcher when planning a diagnostic study, and provides valuable information on the characteristics of a test performance. This type of analysis forms the basis for proper interpretation of test results. The aim of this article was to re-evaluate some selected studies on diagnostic test reported in the domestic veterinary publications to determine the power and necessary sample size for inequality testing to ensure the desired power. Power calculations were illustrated using real-life examples of comparison of a new test and a reference test for detecting antibodies of various animal diseases. Factors affecting to the power were also discussed.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.182-190
• /
• 2023

Elbow traumas represent a relatively common condition in clinical practice. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the most accurate tests for screening these potentially serious conditions and excluding elbow fractures. The purpose of this investigation was to analyze the literature concerning the diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests for the detection or exclusion of suspected elbow fractures. A systematic review was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies (PRISMA-DTA) guidelines. Literature databases including PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Diagnostic Test Accuracy, Cochrane Library, the Web of Science, and ScienceDirect were searched for diagnostic accuracy studies of subjects with suspected traumatic elbow fracture investigating clinical tests compared to imaging reference tests. The risk of bias in each study was assessed independently by two reviewers using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 checklist. Twelve studies (4,485 patients) were included. Three different types of index tests were extracted. In adults, these tests were very sensitive, with values up to 98.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 95.0%-99.8%). The specificity was very variable, ranging from 24.0% (95% CI, 19.0%-30.0%) to 69.4% (95% CI, 57.3%-79.5%). The applicability of these tests was very high, while overall studies showed a medium risk of bias. Elbow full range of motion test, elbow extension test, and elbow extension and point tenderness test appear to be useful in the presence of a negative test to exclude fracture in a majority of cases. The specificity of all tests, however, does not allow us to draw useful conclusions because there was a great variability of results obtained.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
• /
• v.21 no.10
• /
• pp.141-149
• /
• 2007

This paper introduce to improve the reliability of the expected service life and the insulation condition evaluation of the high voltage induction motors by assessing, comparing and analyzing the correlation between the dielectric properties of the off-line insulation diagnostic test and dielectric strength on the insulation breakdown test. The insulation diagnostic tests include insulation resistance, polarization index(P.I.), dissipation factor($tan{\delta}$), maximum partial discharges($Q_{max}$) and AC breakdown test. This study evaluated the correlation between insulation diagnostic test and AC breakdown test for stator winding of high voltage induction motor. On the basis of these test results, we expect that this study can be used for effectively assessing the results of insulation diagnostic tests for similar class induction motors in service at industrial field.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.64-76
• /
• 2010

The sacroiliac joint is difficult to appropriately examine and treat because it is extremely complex and also is difficult to distinguish dysfunctions from those of the spine and hip which are highly intergrated functionally. In addition generally traditional x-rays and CT scans also are not beneficial in detecting sacroiliac joint dysfunction. The manipulative physiotherapist should seek to establish a series of relevant finding that build into a case implicating the sacroiliac joint. When deciding to use these diagnostic tests, the examiner must determine if the test will give reliable and useful information that will help in the diagnosis and subsequent treatment. To be useful diagnostic tests must give reliable data and be valid and the most useful methods of determining whether a test is a good test for pathology under consideration are sensitivity and specificity. In the ideal world, one would want a test that has both high sensitivity and high specificity. The purpose of this review is to ascertain diagnostic value on the tests for sacroiliac joint dysfunction by literature.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.177-183
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliabilities of questions and diagnostic value of the Korean Sasang Constitutional Diagnostic Questionnaire(KS-15). The young adults aged 20's participated in this study. The first survey was conducted in march, 2016, and the second one was conducted two weeks later. Three hundred and three questionnaires and the informed consent were obtained from all participants. The test-retest kappa analysis was used to identify the reliabilities of the questions and diagnostic value, and the significance level was .05. The number of subjects was 303 [87(28.7%)males and 216(71.3%)females]. The Cronbach's α were .630 in 6 characteristic questions. The test-retest reliabilities of questions were ranged from .469 to 734. The agreement rate of KS-15 between the first and second constitutional diagnostic value was 87.13%(Kappa=0.794). The higher Sasang constitutional probability score in first survey resulted in the higher agreement rate between first and second diagnostic value. KS-15 seems to be a reliable implement. Further studies for the reliability of the people of different ages and suitable cut off point in Sasang constitutional probability score are needed for the practical use of KS-15.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• v.25 no.7
• /
• pp.656-661
• /
• 2024

Evaluating the performance of a binary diagnostic test, including artificial intelligence classification algorithms, involves measuring sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. Particularly when comparing the performance of two diagnostic tests applied on the same set of patients, these metrics are crucial for identifying the more accurate test. However, comparing predictive values presents statistical challenges because their denominators depend on the test outcomes, unlike the comparison of sensitivities and specificities. This paper reviews existing methods for comparing predictive values and proposes using the permutation test. The permutation test is an intuitive, non-parametric method suitable for datasets with small sample sizes. We demonstrate each method using a dataset from MRI and combined modality of mammography and ultrasound in diagnosing breast cancer.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.7-14
• /
• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of study was to develop generalized validity evaluation methods and terms for Sasang type diagnostic tests. Methods : A generalized statistical evaluation model for Sasang typology was suggested and generalized validity evaluation indices were proposed with this model. Results : The usefulness of validity evaluations, such as sensitivity and specificity values, were confirmed by the systematic review of the data from previously reported studies. Conclusion :Major obstacles in the multi-facet analysis and systematic review for Sasang type diagnostic tests were discussed with this test validity study.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 1999.07e
• /
• pp.2126-2129
• /
• 1999

We have developed the automatic diagnostic system for power cable insulation using DC voltage decay method in this work. Test condition, test method and diagnose criteria of our diagnostic system are adjustable to a class of power cables such as 3.3, 6.6, 11 and 22kV power cables. We have also developed measurement and diagnostic programs for win95 which is suitable for the management of database such as test condition, diagnose results and cable operation data.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics C
• /
• v.36C no.9
• /
• pp.44-53
• /
• 1999

Generating diagnostic test patterns for combinational circuits remain to be a very difficult problem. For example, ISCAS85 c7552 benchmark circuit has 100 million fault pairs, Thus, we need more sophisticated algorithm to get more information. A new diagnostic algorithm for test pattern generation is suggested and implemented in this paper. DIATEST algorithm based on PODEM is also implemented for comparison to the new algorithm. These two algorithms have been applied to ISCAS85 benchmark circuits. Experimental results show that (1) both algorithms achieve fault pair coverage over 99%, (2) total test length of the new algorithm is much shorter than that of DIATEST, and (3) the new algorithm gives much more information used for making diagnostic dictionary, diagnostic decision tree or diagnostic test system despite DIATEST is faster than the new algorithm.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.74-83
• /
• 2020

Securing excellent pilots is not only directly linked to the military's improved combat capabilities, but also a way to minimize human and property losses from aircraft accidents. Therefore, a scientific method is needed to diagnose pilot aptitude from the pilot selection process and select those with high accident potential, those who are dropped out of the flight training process, and those who are not suitable for pilot life in advance. Developed countries have implemented pilot aptitude tests to solve these problems early on, but so far, the Korean Army has not introduced a pilot aptitude test system that uses diagnostic tools in the helicopter pilot selection process. Therefore, in this study, scientific diagnostic tools are developed for selecting helicopter pilots, and through this, it is predicted that the number of people who are likely to be dropped out of the training course and who have the potential for accidents will be selected in advance and eliminated in the selection process. In this context, prior research examined the key factors involved in the pilot aptitude test. Through this, the aptitude test items were developed and aptitude tests were conducted on student pilots currently in flight training, and the results of flight training were analyzed.