• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.5029-5034
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• 2014

This study aimed to summarize published epidemiological evidence for the relationship between pancreatitis and subsequent risk of pancreatic cancer (PC). We searched Medline and Embase for epidemiological studies published by February $5^{th}$, 2014 examining the risk of PC in pancreatitis patients using highly inclusive algorithms. Information about first author, year of publication, country of study, recruitment period, type of pancreatitis, study design, sample size, source of controls and attained age of subjects were extracted by two researchers and Stata 11.0 was used to perform the statistical analyses and examine publication bias. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with the random effects model. A total of 17 articles documenting 3 cohort and 14 case-control studies containing 14,667 PC cases and 17,587 pancreatitis cases were included in this study. The pooled OR between pancreatitis and PC risk was 7.05 (95%CI: 6.42-7.75). Howeever, the pooled ORs of case-control and cohort studies were 4.62 (95%CI: 4.08-5.22) and 16.3 (95%CI: 14.3-18.6) respectively. The risk of PC was the highest in patients with chronic pancreatitis (pooled OR=10.35; 95%CI: 9.13-11.75), followed by unspecified type of pancreatitis (pooled OR=6.41; 95%CI: 4.93-8.34), both acute and chronic pancreatitis (pooled OR=6.13; 95%CI: 5.00-7.52), and acute pancreatitis (pooled OR=2.12; 95%CI: 1.59-2.83). The pooled OR of PC in pancreatitis cases diagnosed within 1 year was the highest (pooled OR=23.3; 95%CI: 14.0-38.9); and the risk in subjects diagnosed with pancreatitis for no less than 2, 5 and 10 years were 3.03 (95%CI: 2.41-3.81), 2.82 (95%CI: 2.12-3.76) and 2.25 (95%CI: 1.59-3.19) respectively. Pancreatitis, especially chronic pancreatitis, was associated with a significantly increased risk of PC; and the risk decreased with increasing duration since diagnosis of pancreatitis.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1739-1750
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• 2012

본 연구는 의료서비스의 결과지표인 의료기관 중증도 보정 사망비(HSMR)를 산출하고, 비교하여 행정자료를 이용한 의료서비스 결과를 평가할 수 있는 방안을 마련하고자 수행되었다. 이를 위해서 질병관리본부의 2007-2008년의 퇴원손상환자 63,664건의 자료를 분석하였다. 중증도 보정모형 개발을 위해 데이터마이닝을 이용한 의사결정나무와 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였으며, 최종 모형으로 선정된 로지스틱 회귀분석에는 성별, 재원일수, Elixhauser 상병지수, 입원경로, 주상병 변수가 포함되었다. 퇴원시 사망에 영향을 끼치는 이러한 변수를 보정 후 병원간의 중증도 보정 사망비(HSMR)를 비교한 결과 병원간의 중증도 보정 사망비(HSMR)는 차이가 있는 것으로 나타남에 따라 병원의 의료서비스 수준 차이가 있는 것이 확인되었다(HSMR 범위: 55.6-201.6). 본 연구를 통하여 병원간의 퇴원시 사망률을 비교할 수 있는 방법이 개발되었으므로 향후에 이를 이용하여 다양한 의료의 질 향상 활동을 할 수 있는 방안을 마련하여야 할 것이다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.194-202
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• 2018

본 연구는 한국 루터교회 내의 평신도 의식과 신앙성숙을 위한 기독교 상담, 교회 내 프로그램의 영향을 분석하고, 그 결과를 바탕으로한 교회성장요소를 제공하고자 한다. 연구대상은 한국 루터교단에 소속되어 있는 ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$교회에 출석하는 평신도를 대상으로 하였으며, 총 83부의 설문을 분석에 사용하였다. 연구도구로는 한국교회성장연구소의 교회건강 진단을 위한 NCD 평신도 설문지를 사용하였으며 신뢰도 Cronbach's ${\alpha}$는 0. 91 이었다. 종속변수에 해당하는 교회발전과 성장은 교회발전 성장, 교회발전 목표, 교회발전 조직으로 측정하였고, 독립변수인 교회프로그램과 기독교상담에 대해서는 지도자, 의례, 공동체, 사역/프로그램, 개인적 믿음/가치관으로 측정하였다. 회수된 설문은 교회발전과 성장과의 상관성을 검증을 위해 상관성 검증을 실시하였고, 교회발전과 성장에 영향을 미치는 요인을 검증하기 위해 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구결과를 볼 때 상담을 포함한 교회 내 사역 프로그램, 교우와의 관계, 공동체 활동 및 상호소통 등이 영적성장 및 자기성장과 높은 상관관계로 나타났다. 그러므로 지속적인 교회성장을 위해서는 상담사역을 중심으로 한 교회 내 공동체 프로그램의 중요성이 필요하다고 여겨진다.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.65-80
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• 2008

Objectives: To identify the relationship between the internet addition of elementary school students, and their health behavior and VDT syndrome, and thereby to detect the impact of internet addiction on the health behavior of elementary school students, to get the basic information necessary to develop a prevention program for internet addiction and to plan for VDT syndrome prevention program. Methods: We conducted this study during the period from jun 27, 2007 through July 8, 2007. The subjects of this study were 416 children whose grades were in 4th through 6th grades of elementary schools located in the city A in Kyung Pook Providence. Data were obtained from self-rating questionnaires. The questionnaires were composed of Korean Internet Addiction Self-examination on Internet Use Patterns (K-scale), Health Behavior Profile, VDT Syndrome, and general characteristics. We used t-test, AVOVA with Ducan method for Post-hoc comparison in means comparison between groups, $X^2$-test for frequency analysis and Pearson's correlation coefficient. We used SPSS/PC(12.0 ver) program and the LISREL 8.53 Win program for covariance structural analysis. Results: Major results were as follows. 1. The internet addiction propensity distribution based on the distribution of scores were investigated according to the self diagnosis scale on internet addiction. 6.5% of them were high risk user group, 14.4% were potential risk users and 79.1% of them were common user groups. 2. Internet addictions by sex, internet use duration, frequency (days/week), time(hours/day), purpose, position, brightness of internet, attitude of parents and frequency of conversation of family members were statistically significant(p<0.01). 3. There was a statistically significant difference in VDT syndrome according to internet addiction groups(p<0.001) besides ocular symptoms, dry mouth and GI troubles. 4. The health behavior score was the lowest in high risk user group(p<0.001). There were significant differences between internet addiction groups in personal hygiene and habits of daily living(p<.002), the prevention of accidents(p<.002), the practice concerned with the prevention of infectious disease(p=.002), and mental health(p<.001). 5. There was also a significant negative correlation between internal addiction and health profile(r=-0.365, p<0.01) and a significant positive correlation between internal addiction and VDT syndrome(r=0.331, p<0.01). 6. As the result of structural model analysis, internet use time(/day), days of internet use(/1week), conversation frequency among family members, degree of brightness of internet use had significant direct effects on internet addiction. Conclusions: The results will help the development of an effective intervention program for the prevention and treatment of internal addiction by clarifying the effect of the internal addiction upon elementary school students' VDT syndrome and health behavior.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.2059-2065
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• 2013

This goal of this research was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the National Cancer Screening Program (NCSP) for breast cancer in the Republic of Korea from a government expenditure perspective. In 2002-2003 (baseline), a total of 8,724,860 women aged 40 years or over were invited to attend breast cancer screening by the NCSP. Those who attended were identified using the NCSP database, and women were divided into two groups, women who attended screening at baseline (screened group) and those who did not (non-screened group). Breast cancer diagnosis in both groups at baseline, and during 5-year follow-up was identified using the Korean Central Cancer Registry. The effectiveness of the NCSP for breast cancer was estimated by comparing 5-year survival and life years saved (LYS) between the screened and the unscreened groups, measured using mortality data from the Korean National Health Insurance Corporation and the National Health Statistical Office. Direct screening costs, indirect screening costs, and productivity costs were considered in different combinations in the model. When all three of these costs were considered together, the incremental cost to save one life year of a breast cancer patient was 42,305,000 Korean Won (KW) (1 USD=1,088 KW) for the screened group compared to the non-screened group. In sensitivity analyses, reducing the false-positive rate of the screening program by half was the most cost-effective (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, ICER=30,110,852 KW/LYS) strategy. When the upper age limit for screening was set at 70 years, it became more cost-effective (ICER=39,641,823 KW/LYS) than when no upper age limit was set. The NCSP for breast cancer in Korea seems to be accepted as cost-effective as ICER estimates were around the Gross Domestic Product. However, cost-effectiveness could be further improved by increasing the sensitivity of breast cancer screening and by setting appropriate age limits.

• 가정간호학회지
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• 제3권
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• pp.86-97
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• 1996

The traditonal inpatient acute hospital setting is organized primarily for the intensive management of disease, but not well-suited for continuity of care for the chronically ill patients after being discharged from hospital. For the planning of the continuity of care, firstly, it is necessary to assess the home care needs of the discharged pateints in the context of the nursing diagnosis. Therefore, this study is designed to identify the home nursing care need trajectory of the patients with chronic illness after discharged from one of the the General Hospitals in Seoul, Korea. The subjects are the patients with chronic illness such as stroke, musculoskeletal disease, hypertension, cancer etc., in average age of 52. 2 years old. The findings of this study are as follows : 1) The limitaion of ADL has been constantly facing to the subjects and has not been changed 4 weeks after being discharged. And the sense of with-drawal was getting worse at 4th weeks than the 1st week after being discharged. 2) The lists of the patient's problems are the impairment of mobility, elimination pattern, inactivity, impairment of skin integrity, ineffective airway clearance, and potential anxiety, self concept deficit, ineffective family coing, etc. Those problems were diminished in quantity at the first week after discharged, but at the 4th week, those problems were getting worse. 3) The need of specialized nursing care such as tube feeding, ostomy care, $O_2$ inhalation, IV therapy, teaching and exercise are considered as the most consisting problems facing to the subjects. 4) In general, the chronically ill patients and their caregivers have not been adapted well even at the 4th weeks after being discharged. 5) Considering those findings, the basic care for patients should be given and the trainging for process of the adaptation after discharged should be encouraged prior being discharged from hostital. For this suggestion, the systematic discharge planning should be carried and the hospital based home nursing model should be implemented at the general hospital for the chronically ill patients.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.108-113
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• 2004

정상교합자와 골격성 III급 부정교합자간의 성장 정도에 차이가 있는지를 평가하기 위해 8-12세 여자를 대상으로 하여 진단 석고 모형과 측모두부방사선사진을 기준으로 정상교합자 172명, 골격성 III급 부정교합자 191명 총 363명을 분류하여 연구를 시행하였다. 경추의 하연의 만곡도와 수직 수평 길이의 비를 측정해서 연령이 증가함에 따른 변화를 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 연령이 증가함에 따라 제$2{\sim}6$경추의 하연의 만곡도는 정상교합자와 골격성 III급 부정교합자 모두에서 일정하게 증가하였다. 2. 연령이 증가함에 따라 제$3{\sim}6$ 경추의 수직 수평 길이의 비도 정상교합자와 골격성 III급 부정교합자 모두에서 일정하게 증가하였다. 3. 제$2{\sim}6$경추의 하연의 만곡도와 제$3{\sim}6$경추의 수직 수평 길이의 비에서 정상교합자와 골격성 III급 부정교합자간의 경추골성숙도 차이를 조사한 결과 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이상의 결과에서 정상교합자와 골격성 IIII급 부정교합자간의 경추골성숙도를 비교했을 때 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으므로 성장에 차이가 없음을 시사하였다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.114-125
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 확률적 LCC 및 확률적 성능평가를 고려한 설계 VA분석 방법을 제안하였으며, 신뢰성 해석의 개념을 도입하여 신뢰도를 확보한 의사결정을 지원하고자 하였다. 상기와 같은 목적과 방법에 따라 진행된 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다: 1) 기능정의가 완료된 이후 도출된 대안들의 대안평가시 신뢰성 있는 분석을 위하여 개선된 설계VA 절차 와 가치상태함수를 정식화하였으며, 가치평가절차에서의 일관성 및 효율성을 확보하기 위하여 평가지표방안을 제시하였다. 2) 교량의 LCC분석을 위한 DB를 수집 및 분석하였다. 자료의 수집범위는 기존에 수행된 교량의 LCC분석 연구 문헌을 기초로 하여 분석하였으며, 분석결과에 대한 신뢰도 확보 및 수집된 자료의 불확실성 처리를 위해 MCS 기법을 적용하였다. 3) 대안별 성능평가를 위한 가중치 및 평가등급과 LCC 분석을 위한 LCC 분석모델, 분석기간, 할인율, 사용자비용, 안전점검 및 안전진단비용에 대한 조건을 제시하였다. 끝으로, 사례대상인 "OO대교 및 연결도로 건설공사 실시설계" 프로젝트에 대한 VA수행 사례를 중심으로 타당성을 검토하고 결론을 도출하였다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.408-418
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• 2020

The sinus node (SN) is located at the apex of the cardiac conduction system, and SN dysfunction (SND)-characterized by electrical remodeling-is generally attributed to idiopathic fibrosis or ischemic injuries in the SN. SND is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disorders, including syncope, heart failure, and atrial arrhythmias, particularly atrial fibrillation. One of the histological SND hallmarks is degenerative atrial remodeling that is associated with conduction abnormalities and increased right atrial refractoriness. Although SND is frequently accompanied by increased fibrosis in the right atrium (RA), its molecular basis still remains elusive. Therefore, we investigated whether SND can induce significant molecular changes that account for the structural remodeling of RA. Towards this, we employed a rabbit model of experimental SND, and then compared the genome-wide RNA expression profiles in RA between SND-induced rabbits and sham-operated controls to identify the differentially expressed transcripts. The accompanying gene enrichment analysis revealed extensive pro-fibrotic changes within 7 days after the SN ablation, including activation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling and alterations in the levels of extracellular matrix components and their regulators. Importantly, our findings suggest that periostin, a matricellular factor that regulates the development of cardiac tissue, might play a key role in mediating TGF-β-signaling-induced aberrant atrial remodeling. In conclusion, the present study provides valuable information regarding the molecular signatures underlying SND-induced atrial remodeling, and indicates that periostin can be potentially used in the diagnosis of fibroproliferative cardiac dysfunctions.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1437-1443
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• 2016

Background: We investigated four factors, height, weight gain since age 20, physical activity, and alcohol drinking, for associations with risk of breast cancer (BC) according to menopausal status, using the latest data of the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study (JACC Study). Materials and Methods: We confined the analysis to 24 areas available of cancer incidence information, excluding women with a previous diagnosis of BC. Baseline data were collected from 38,610 (9,367 premenopausal, and 29,243 postmenopausal) women during 1988 and 1990. The study subjects were followed-up at the end of 2009, and 273 (84 premenopausal, and 189 postmenopausal) cases of BC were newly diagnosed in 501,907 person-years. The Cox model was used to estimate a hazards ratio (HR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) of BC risk. Results: As a result of the multivariate analysis adjusting for age at baseline survey, age at menarche, number of live births, and, age at first delivery, weight gain since age 20 of 6.7 kg-9.9 kg, and ${\geq}10.0kg$ were significantly associated with increased risk for postmenopausal BC (HR=2.48, 95% CI 1.40-4.41, and, HR=2.94, 95% CI 1.84-4.70, respectively). Significantly increased trend of BC risk was also observed in weight gain since age 20 (p for trend, p<0.001). Amount of ethanol intake per day${\geq}15.0g$ was significantly associated with increased risk for postmenopausal BC in the multivariable-adjusted analysis (HR=2.74, 95% CI 1.32-5.70). Conclusions: Higher weight gain in adulthood and larger amounts of ethanol intake were significantly associated with increased risk of BC in Japanese postmenopausal women. None of the investigated factors were significantly associated with BC risk in Japanese premenopausal women.