• Interdisciplinary Bio Central
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.4.1-4.4
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• 2012

Background: Serum concentration of cystatin C, a marker of glomerular filtration has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to evaluate cystatin C as a marker of obese patients without chronic kidney disease (CKD). Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of 36 subjects with metabolic syndrome and 32 subjects free of metabolic syndrome (the control group). HDL-C, LDL-C, blood urea, triglycerides, glucose, HbA1c, serum cystatin C and serum creatinine were measured in both groups. GFR was calculated in both groups using Cockroft-Gault equation. Results: Obese patients showed higher cystatin C levels than normal samples ($1.28{\pm}0.29$, P < 0.05). In the binary logistic regression, obese patients were significantly associated with elevated cystatin C levels. Conclusion: Our results suggest that cystatin C may be a marker for obese patients and may identify a certain degree of renal dysfunction even when serum creatinine does not exceed the normal level. In this study, we demonstrated that serum creatinineand GFR did not differ significantly between the diabetic and the control groups. Serum concentration of cystatin C was significantly higher in the diabetic group compared with the control group. The strengths of this study are the evaluation of reliability and sensivity in comparison with a 'routine test of GFR'. The methodology used allows an appropriate statistical comparison of reliability in contrast to most other previous evaluations of GFR.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.497-505
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• 2004

The proliferation of mesangial cells has been associated with the development of diabetic nephropathy. The cell proliferation has been regulated by diverse growth factors. Among them, insulin like growth factors(IGFs) are also involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. However, it is not yet known about the effect of high glucose on IGF-I and IGF-II secretion and the relationship between high glucose-induced secretion of IGFs and PKC or oxidative stress in the mesangial cells. Thus, we examined the mechanisms by which high glucose regulates secretion of IGFs in mesangial cells. High glucose(25 mM) increased IGF-I and IGF-II secretion. High glucose-induced increase of IGF-I and IGF-II secretion were blocked by taurine($2{\times}10^{-3}$ M), N-acetyl cystein(NAC, $10^{-5}M$), or GSH($10^{-5}M$) (antioxidants), suggesting the role of oxidative stress. High glucose-induced secretion of IGF-I and IGF-II were blocked by H-7, staurosporine, and bisindolylmaleimide I(protein kinase C inhibitors). On the other hand, high glucose also increased lipid peroxide (LPO) formation in a dose dependent manner. In addition, high glucoseinduced stimulation of LPO formation was blocked by PKC inhibitors. These results suggest that PKC is responsible for the increase of oxidative stress in the action of high glucose-induced secretion of IGF-I and IGF-II in mesangial cells. In conclusion, high glucose stimulates IGF-I and IGF-II secretion via PKCoxidative stress signal pathways in mesangial cells.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.299-308
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• 2019

본 연구는 당뇨병성 신증 혈액투석환자들의 자가관리와 자기효능감이 혈액투석 관련 증상에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 시행되었다. 2017년 9월부터 11월까지 3곳의 대학병원과 7곳의 개인병원에서 254명을 대상으로 시행되었다. 자료 분석은 t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson correlation, 다중회귀분석을 이용하였다. 연구결과 경제상태가 안정되고 당뇨합병증이 없을 경우, 자가관리와 투석 관련 자기효능감이 높을수록 환자의 혈액투석 관련 증상이 낮았다. 이에 경제적인 지원이 국가적인 차원에서 이루어져야 하고 당뇨합병증을 미리 예방하기 위한 관리가 필요하며, 질병 특이적인 자가관리 프로그램을 운영하여 관리에 대한 자기효능감을 높일 수 있도록 해야 할 것이다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.256-262
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• 2009

Smallanthus sonchifolius (Yacon, Asteraceae) was originally cultivated in South America and used in food and traditional medicine by Andean inhabitants. Yacon is potentially beneficial for the management of diabetes and is composed of fructooligosaccharides, proteins, minerals and phenolic compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of Yacon tuber extract (YTE) and its constituent, chlorogenic acid (CGA), in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In this study, a HPLC method was developed for simultaneous determination of major active phenolic components, CGA and caffeic acid in YTE. We investigated the hypoglycemic effect of YTE and CGA in STZ-induced diabetic rats and studied glucose tolerance test (GTT). The effect of orally administered multiple doses of YTE and CGA on plasma biochemical parameters was examined using diabetic rats. We also measured free radical scavenging activity by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Oral administration of YTE (200 mg/kg) and CGA (10 mg/kg) for 6 weeks produced a significant hypoglycemic effect in STZ-induced diabetic rats. YTE and CGA-treated groups exhibited significantly decreased plasma glucose surge during the GTT. Total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations were significantly decreased by 33% and 49%, respectively, in YTE-treated rats. TC and TG concentrations were also significantly decreased by 26 % and 41%, respectively, in CGA-treated rats. In the DPPH assay, free radical scavenging activity of CGA was similar to that of vitamin E, a positive control. This study suggests that YTE and its constituent, CGA, may be a useful option for management of hyperglycemia and diabetic nephropathy.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.233-238
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• 2014

Background: The actin cytoskeleton in podocytes is essential for the maintenance of its normal structure and function. Its disruption is a feature of podocyte foot-process effacement and is associated with proteinuria. ${\alpha}$-Actinin-4 in podocytes serves as a linker protein binding the actin filaments of the cytoskeleton. Methods: To investigate the effect of ginseng total saponin (GTS) on the pathological changes of podocyte ${\alpha}$-actinin-4 induced by diabetic conditions, we cultured mouse podocytes under normal glucose (5mM) or high glucose (HG, 30mM) conditions, with or without the addition of advanced glycosylation end products (AGE), and treated with GTS. Results: In confocal imaging, ${\alpha}$-actinin-4 colocalized with the ends of F-actin fibers in cytoplasm, but diabetic conditions disrupted F-actin fibers and concentrated ${\alpha}$-actinin-4 molecules at the peripheral cytoplasm. GTS upregulated ${\alpha}$-actinin protein in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and suppressed the receptor for AGE levels in western blotting. Diabetic conditions, including HG, AGE, and both together, decreased cellular ${\alpha}$-actinin-4 protein levels at 24 h and 48 h. Such quantitative and qualitative changes of ${\alpha}$-actinin-4 protein induced by diabetic conditions were mitigated by GTS. Conclusion: These findings imply that both HG and AGE have an influence on the distribution and amount of ${\alpha}$-actinin-4 in podocytes that can be recovered by GTS.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.337-345
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• 2011

It is well recognized that conventional coronary artery bypass grafting (ONCAB) often leads to major organ dysfunction including renal injury. Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of nephropathy and poor clinical outcomes. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the occurrence of adverse outcomes including renal impairment between diabetic (n=75, DM group) and non-diabetic patients (n=72, Non-DM group) underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (OPCAB). Fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c, fructosamine, fibrinogen and serum osmolality levels in the DM group were higher than those of the Non-DM group at pre-operative (Pre-OP) period ($P$ <0.05). History of hypertension and renal impairment in the DM group was higher than that of the Non-DM group ($P$ <0.05). Potassium ($K^+$), blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels were higher, whereas sodium ($Na^+$) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) levels were lower in the DM group than the Non-DM group at peri-operative period ($P$ <0.05). Fasting glucose levels at Pre-OP period had positive correlations with blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels at peri-operative period, but negative correlations with GFR levels at peri-operative period in the DM group ($P$ <0.05). Incidences of renal impairment, diuretic therapy or continuous renal replacement therapy and fever in the DM group were higher than those of the Non-DM group at post-operative period ($P$ <0.05). These results suggest that blood glucose level should be tightly controlled at peri-operative period to avoid renal dysfunction in diabetic patients.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.37-41
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• 2011

This study investigated the antioxidative action of Corni Fructus aqueous extract on kidneys of diabetic mice. The electron donating abilities of Corni Fructus aqueous extract and its antioxidant activities (XO, SOD, CAT, GST, eNOS) in kidneys of C57BL/6 or db/db mice were evaluated. For in vivo study, seven week-old male mice were divided into normal control group (NC, C57BL/6 mice), diabetic control group (DC, db/db mice) and Corni Fructus (500 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks) treated diabetic group (DCF, db/db mice). The electron donating abilities of Corni Fructus aqueous extract exhibited 7%, 24.4%, and 42.7% at concentrations of 100, 500, and $1000\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The activity of XO in the DCF group was significantly lower than the DC group by 35% (p < 0.05). The SOD activity was significantly higher in the DCF group than the DC group by 26% (p < 0.05). The activities of CAT and GST were lowered in the DCF group than the DC group by 26% (p < 0.05) and 7.6%, respectively. The mRNA expression of eNOS in kidneys was lower in the DCF group than the DC group by 24%. These results indicate that Corni Fructus reduced oxidation stress as evidenced by the restoration of the enzymatic antioxidative defense system in renal tissues of db/db mice. It is suggested that these antioxidative actions of Corni Fructus on renal tissues in db/db mice could contribute to its renoprotective effects on diabetic nephropathy.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2019

Oxidative stress is considered a major contributor in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy and in diabetes complications, such as nephropathy and cardiovascular diseases. Diabetic neuropathy, which is the most frequent complications of diabetes, affect sensory, motor, and autonomic nerves. This study aimed to investigate whether 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) protects SH-SY5Y neuronal cells against high glucose-induced toxicity. In the current study, we found that diabetic patients exhibited higher lipid peroxidation caused by oxidative stress than healthy subjects. 7,8-DHF exhibits superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities. High glucose-induced toxicity severely damaged SH-SY5Y neuronal cells, causing mitochondrial depolarization; however, 7,8-DHF recovered mitochondrial polarization. Furthermore, 7,8-DHF effectively modulated the expression of pro-apoptotic protein (Bax) and anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2) under high glucose, thus inhibiting the activation of caspase signaling pathways. These results indicate that 7,8-DHF has antioxidant effects and protects cells from apoptotic cell death induced by high glucose. Thus, 7,8-DHF may be developed into a promising candidate for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.299-304
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• 2010

To identify the treatment effect of lactic acid bacteria for diabetes, the treatment effects of a single administration of acarbose (a diabetes treatment drug) or lactic acid bacteria, and the mixture of acarbose and lactic acid bacteria on diabetes in a type 1 diabetes animal model, were studied. In this study, streptozotocin was inoculated into a Sprague-Dawley rat to induce diabetes, and sham control (Sham), diabetic control (STZ), STZ and composition with live cell, STZ and composition with heat killed cell, STZ and composition with drugs (acarbose) were orally administered. Then the treatment effect on diabetes was observed by measuring the body weight, blood glucose, and serum lipid. For the histopathological examination of the pancreas, the Langerhans islet of the pancreas was observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining, and the renal cortex, outer medullar, and inner medullar were also observed. The induced diabetes decreased the body weight, and the fasting blood glucose level decreased in the lactic-acid-bacteria-administered group and the mixture-administered group. In addition, the probiotic resulted in the greatest decrease in the serum cholesterol level, which is closely related to diabetes. Also, the hematoxylin and eosin staining of the Langerhans islet showed that the reduction in the size of the Langerhans islet slowed in the lactic-acid-bacteria-administered group. The histopathological examination confirmed that the symptoms of diabetic nephropathy decreased in the group to which viable bacteria and acarbose were administered, unlike in the group to which dead bacteria was administered. The mixture of lactic acid bacteria and acarbose and the single administration of lactic acid bacteria or acarbose had treatment effects on the size of the Langerhans islet and of the kidney histopathology. Thus, it is believed that lactic acid bacteria have treatment effects on diabetes and can be used as supplements for the treatment of diabetes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 고혈당으로 인해 유발되는 당뇨병성 신장병증의 대표적인 증상인 사구체 경화증을 완화시키는 nobiletin의 효능에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 신장 세포인 HRMC를 이용하여 고혈당에서의 세포외 기질 축적 단백질의 발현과 경화에 관여하는 신호 전달 억제 효능을 확인한 결과 nobiletin은 고혈당의 자극에 의해 증가하는 섬유화 단백질인 collagen IV, fibronectin 그리고 CTGF의 발현을 억제하였으며, 여기에 관여하는 TGF-β1-Src-caveolin-1 신호 전달 경로를 통해 사구체 경화증을 억제하는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 nobiletin은 고혈당으로 유도된 당뇨병성 신장병증에 있어 사구체 경화증을 예방하는 기능성 성분으로서의 활용 가능성을 확인하였다.