• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.81-92
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was to identify the effect of the experience of diabetes education on knowledge, self-care behavior and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C). Further, this study was held to examine about patient's preferred methods of education and re-education frequency. Methods: 166 type 2 diabetes patients from two hospitals in Incheon participated in this study. Data were analyzed by using descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test and multiple regression analysis. Results: 72.3% patients needed re-education and the average interval of re-education was 8.53 months. Patients preferred education methods were lectures, practical training, and studying from pamphlet. Depending on the frequency of diabetes education, there were significant differences in the level of diabetes knowledge (F=10.88, p<.001) and self-care behaviors (F=4.59, p=.012), but there was not significant difference with HbA1C (F=1.53, p=.220). As to how much the diabetes education helped managing diabetes, there was a significant difference in the level of self-care behaviors (t=2.01, p=.049), but there were not significant differences in level of knowledge (t=1.10, p=.275) and HbA1C (t=-.33, p=.746). The experience of diabetes education was a significant factor which influenced patient's knowledge (t=3.93, p<.001) and self-care behaviors (t=2.21, p<.001). But HbA1C was not influenced by the experience of diabetes education (t=-1.68, p=.096). Conclusion: It is necessary to provide diabetes education with appropriate interval and methods and subjects that reflect the needs of patient through the study results.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.345-356
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was conducted to compare the process of change, decisional balance, and self-efficacy according to the stages of change of exercise on the basis of the Transtheoretical Model in order to investigate factors associated with the change of exercise in adult diabetic patients. Method: Data were collected from January to April 2005. The subjects were 160 patients in the G university hospital and public health center in J city. Results: The entire process of change showed the significant difference depending on the stage of change(F=20.007, p=.000). For each process of change, the Consciousness Raising(F=14.602, p=.000), Dramatic Relief(F=7.751, p=.000), Environmental Re-evaluation(F=11.843, p=.000), Self Re-evaluation(F=16.035, p=.000), Social Liberation(F=10.968, p=.000), Counter-conditioning (F=24.090, p=.000), Helping Relationships(F= 7.625, p=.000), Reinforcement Management(F= 16.693, p=.000), Self Liberation(F=11.990, p= .000) and Stimulus Control(F=4.020, p=.002) demonstrated significant differences depending on the stages of change of exercise. For the decisional balance, the Pros showed the significant difference depending on the stage of change(F=14.121, p=.000). For the self efficacy showed significant difference depending on the stage of change(F=17.137, p=.000). Conclusion: In order to proceed the stage of change of exercise in patients with Diabetes Mellitus, intensive use of a specific process of change, a stage of change matching is needed.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.298-307
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of physical activity on glycemic control among Koreans with type 2 diabetes. Methods: A total of 215 patients with type 2 diabetes (82 male and 133 female) were recruited (mean age = $59.0{\pm}9.7$ years). The amounts of physical activity was assessed using the physical activity scale for elderly (PASE). Fasting blood glucose (FBG), Hemoglobin A1c ($HbA_1c$), and 2 hours post-prandial glucose (2hrPG) were measured. Results: The highest PASE score was housework-related physical activity. However, the amounts of walking was significantly higher in good FBG level (Z = 1.39, p=.041) and the amounts of leisure-time physical activity was higher in good HbA1 and 2hrPG level than in the poor glycemic control group (Z = 2.29, p<.001; Z = 1.99, p=.001). A logistic regression analysis showed that patients with leisure-time physical activity in the top quartile more likely presented with good glycemic control in $HbA_1c$, OR=3.84 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.65~8.95) and in 2hrPG, OR=4.06 (95%CI = 1.77~9.27), compared to patients in the lowest quartile. Conclusion: Leisure-time physical activity is effective for controlling the glucose levels, especially $HbA_1c$ and 2hrPG among type 2 diabetic patients. It is suggested that health providers need to more focus on providing aggressive recommendations on physical activity considering physical activity patterns by individuals.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 1999

It has been postulated that oxidative stress may be increased and antioxidant defenses reduced in diabetes patients. Twenty-four patients with type 1 diabetes melitus (DM) (12.8$\pm$1.7 years) and 24 nondiabetics (12.5$\pm$2.1 years) were included in this study. Serum total cholesterol and LDL -cholesterol levels were significantly higher in diabetic than in nondiabetic control subjects, but serum levels of triglyceride , retinol , tocopherol, and $\beta$-carotene were significantly lower. Both $\beta$carotene and tocopherol levels inversely correlated with HbAlc, suggesting perhaps that low serum antioxidant level enhance theglycosylation of hemoglobin. Subjects with type 1 DM had lipid peroxide levels similar to those of nondiabetics control subjects, suggesting that per-oxdation of circulating lipid is not increased in uncomplicated diabeteics. The correlation between antioxidants and serum lipids were as follows ; retinol and LDL (r--0.36, p=0.019) ; retinol and total cholesterol(r=-0.35, p=0.020), tocopherol and LDL(r=-0.47, p=0.002) ; tocopherol and cholesterol (r=-0.49, p=0.001) ; $\beta$-carotene and LDL (r=-0.51, p=0.001). Overall , the results of this study were that serum lipid peroxide in patients with type 1 DM was similar to those of control subjects and antioxidants such as retinol, tocopherol and $\beta$-carotene were lower than those of nondiabetic cotnrol subjects, and negatively correlated with serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.82-93
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• 2015

Purpose: This retrospective study evaluated the relationship between the timing of peri-implantitis diagnosis and marginal bone level after a 5-year follow-up of non-surgical peri-implantitis treatment. Methods: Thirty-three patients (69 implants) were given peri-implantitis diagnosis in 2008-2009 in Seoul National University Bundang Hospital. Among them, 31 implants from 16 patients were included in this study. They were treated non-surgically in this hospital, and came for regular maintenance visits for at least 5 years after peri-implantitis treatment. Radiographic marginal bone levels at each interval were measured and statistical analysis was performed. Results: Timing of peri-implantitis was one of the significant factors affecting initial bone loss and total bone loss not additional bone after peri-implantitis diagnosis. Patients with cardiovascular disease and diabetic mellitus were positively influenced on both initial bone loss and total bone loss. Patients who needed periodontal treatment after implant placement showed a negative effect on bone loss compared to those who needed periodontal treatment before implant placement during entire periods. Implant location also significantly influenced on amounts of bone loss. Mandibular implants showed less bone loss than maxillary implants. Among surgical factors, combined use of autogenous and xenogenic bone graft materials showed a negative effect on bone loss compared to autogenous bone graft materials. Use of membrane negatively affected on initial bone loss but positively on additional bone loss and total bone loss. Thread exposure showed positive effects on initial bone loss and total bone loss. Conclusions: Early peri-implantitis diagnosis led to early non-surgical intervention for peri-implantitis treatment, which resulted in the maintenance of the bone level as well as preservation of the implant.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.317-326
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• 2008

This study was performed to investigate the effects of alcohol drinking frequency and foods consumed along with alcohol on anthropometry, serum lipid levels, and blood pressures in 73 male type 2 diabetic patients aged 30-59 years old. Dietary data for usual intake were obtained from the subjects by the 3-day food records. Separate data for foods consumed along with alcohol as accompaniment were collected and analyzed for energy and nutrient intakes. Both alcohol drinking frequency and/or the amount of energy consumed from accompaniment influenced clinical data as well as anthropometric measurements. The serum total- and HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride levels and systolic blood pressure were significantly higher in the group with a drinking frequency of ${\geq}$ 2/week than that of ${\leq}$ 1/week and also in the group whose daily energy intake from accompaniment was greater than the median (106.6 kcal/d) than that below the median. When the data were adjusted for age, amount of energy intake from alcohol and diet, the anothropometric measurements such as body weight, BMI, waist circumference were significantly higher in patients whose energy intake from accompaniment was greater than the median than that below the median. The results of our study suggest that both alcohol drinking frequency and the energy intake from foods consumed along with alcohol as accompanements are important contributing factors to clinical and anthropometric parameters whose associations with the cardiovascular complications are well established in patients with diabetes mellitus.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.361-371
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• 2021

This study aims to identify the moderating effect of patient activation in relation between trust in healthcare professionals and shared decision making in patients with diabetes mellitus. The participants were 186 patients who received treatment for diabetes at the department of endocrinology in the tertiary hospital located in Daejeon and consented to participate in our survey. The results of this study were a significant interaction between trust in healthcare professionals(β=0.32, p=.045) and patient activation(β=0.32, p=.024) was associated with shared decision making. The patient activation had a moderating effect between trust in healthcare professionals and shared decision making in patients with diabetes mellitus(β=0.25, p=.019). Therefore, it is necessary to assess trust in healthcare professionals to improve negative awareness of healthcare professionals and strengthen trust in them. In addition, to promote participation in shared decision making, it is necessary to develop a convergent program to focus patient activation.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.313-320
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• 2022

The KoreaN Cohort Study for Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease (KNOW-CKD) was launched in 2011 with the support of the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. The study was designed with the aim of exploring the various clinical features and characteristics of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Koreans, and elucidating the risk factors for CKD progression and adverse outcomes of CKD. For the cohort study, nephrologists at 9 tertiary university-affiliated hospitals participated in patient recruitment and follow-up. Biostatisticians and epidemiologists also participated in the basic design and structuring of the study. From 2011 until 2016, the KNOW-CKD Phase I recruited 2238 adult patients with CKD from stages G1 to G5, who were not receiving renal replacement therapy. The KNOW-CKD Phase II recruitment was started in 2019, with an enrollment target of 1500 subjects, focused on diabetic nephropathy and hypertensive kidney diseases in patients with reduced kidney function who are presumed to be at a higher risk of adverse outcomes. As of 2021, the KNOW-CKD investigators have published articles in the fields of socioeconomics, quality of life, nutrition, physical activity, renal progression, cardiovascular disease and outcomes, anemia, mineral bone disease, serum and urine biomarkers, and international and inter-ethnic comparisons. The KNOW-CKD researchers will elaborate a prediction model for various outcomes of CKD such as the development of end-stage kidney disease, major adverse cardiovascular events, and death.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.243-253
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• 2018

This study aimed to investigate the effects of DCI on glucose control, quality of life(SF-36 Version 2.0, Korean) and SDSCA(Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed on 46 patients with HbA1c 7.0% taking triple anti-diabetic drug regimen who visited the department of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Chungnam National University Hospital between March 2015 and May 2016. As a result, DCI treatment in the intervention group resulted in significantly reduced HbA1c levels $8.75{\pm}0.79%$(baseline), $8.36{\pm}1.03%$(after 12weeks), and $8.65{\pm}0.81%$(after 24weeks). However, patients in the control group did not show any significant change. Interestingly, both DCI treatment group and the control group significantly showed improvements in SDSCA. Participants in the intervention group showed a small yet significant improvement in their only fasting blood glucose test in SDSCA and revealed significant increase in the quantitative levels of quality of life, from $73.05{\pm}16.85$ to $82.74{\pm}10.68$. By using pathway analysis, improvement of SDSCA scores(${\beta}=-0.505$, t=-2.743) was the most influential factor to the fasting blood glucose. The quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was affected by changes of SDSCA scores(${\beta}=0.411$, t=2.024) and fasting c-peptide(${\beta}=-0.445$, t=-2.668) in DCI treatment group. In conclusion, treatment of DCI effectively improved glucose control in patients with type 2 DM(HbA1c level>7.0%) after 12 weeks of treatment, although it had no impact on glucose control after 24 weeks of treatment. Improved glucose control may encourage diabetic patients to conduct self-care activities and improve the quality of life. Based on the present study, we suggest that diabetes self-management, as well as consideration of comprehensive laboratory findings, may be important factor in regulating the quality of life in type 2 DM patients.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.41
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• pp.49.1-49.8
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• 2019

Background: The purpose of this study was to review the clinical features of oromaxillofacial infections in patients presenting to a hospital emergency ward, to identify the key factors affecting the requirement for hospitalization, and the potential risk factors predisposing to a prolonged length of hospital stay. Methods: A retrospective medical record review of the 598 patients treated for oromaxillofacial infection from 2013 to 2017 at the oral and maxillofacial surgery department, Yangsan Pusan National University Hospital, was conducted. The following information was collected from each patient: sex, age, past medical history, site of infection, etiology, admission or outpatient care, level of C-reactive protein (mg/dL), fascial spaces involved, treatment method, and duration of hospitalization. Chi-squared tests were used to identify risk factors, which were further analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. Results: A total of 606 patients were eligible for inclusion in the study, of which eight were excluded due to having incomplete charts; thus, 598 patients were included: 55% were male, mean patient age was 47.1 ± 19.9 years, and 12.9% of patients were diabetic. Furthermore, 71.2% of patients had infection originating in the mandible; the most common tooth of origin was lower posterior, and 29.8% of patients were hospitalized. Risk factors for hospital admission were elderly patients with concurrent disease, elevated C-reactive protein level, and multiple-space infection in the oromaxillofacial area. The duration of hospitalization was correlated with both diabetes and age. Conclusions: The requirement for hospital admission is determined by the severity of the infection; even severe infections, once treated with appropriate surgery, have no relation to the length of hospital stay. The important risk factors for increased duration of hospitalization are diabetes mellitus and older age. The understanding of risk factors associated with a prolonged hospital stay during the treatment of oromaxillofacial infection will aid in treatment planning as well as highlight the importance of adequate diabetes control in patients at risk of such infection.