• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.339-344
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• 2012

This study was performed to investigate the effect of germinated Ilpum rough rice extract on blood glucose in C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice. The mice were divided into several groups: normal control (NC), diabetic control (DC), those fed with 0.25% germinated Ilpum rough rice extract (DM-0.25%GIRRE), those fed with 0.5% germinated Ilpum roughrice extract (DM-0.5%GIRRE) and those fed with 1% germinated Ilpum rough rice extract (DM-1%GIRRE). After 8 weeks of treatment, body weight, water intake, and diet intake of the DM-1%GIRRE group were significantly lower than the other DM groups. Blood glucose levels of the DM-1%GIRRE group were significantly lower compared to the DC group. Fasting blood glucose HbA1c level and total glucose tolerance test were significantly lower in the DM-1%GIRRE groups compared to the DC group. There was no significant difference in serum insulin level among each group. Therefore, the results of this study demonstrate that germinated Ilpum rough rice extract alleviates many of the symptoms of diabetes in genetically obese mice and may offer a possibility as a therapeutic supplement for the normalization of blood glucose levels in humans with hyperglycemia. It may also have beneficial effects in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.693-699
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• 2005

Protein-calorie malnutrition is common in maintenance dialysis patients. Indeed, diabetic patients with chronic renal failure are considered to be at increased risk of malnutrition. The aim of this study was to compare the nutritional status and markers of inflammation of hemodialysis patients with and without type 2 diabetes. We compared nutritional parameters and C-reactive protein (CRP) as a marker of inflammation in 30 type 2 diabetic patients and age-matched 30 non-diabetic patients with hemodialysis. Serum albumin was significantly lower in patients with type 2 diabetes $(3.45\pm0.43g/dL)$ than in non-diabetic patients $(3.64\pm0.36 g/dL)$ (p<0.05). In contrast, the concentration of serum CRP was significantly higher in type 2 diabetes $(1.42\pm1.8mg/dL)$ (p<0.05). There were significant negative-relationships between serum albumin and CRP level in both diabetic (r=-0.553, p<0.01) and non-diabetic (r=-0.579, p<0.01) patients. In diabetic patients, serum albumin level was significantly correlated with hemoglobin (r = 0.488, p < 0.01) and hematocrit (r=0.386, p < 0.01). Diabetic patients as compared to non-diabetic patients showed a significant (p < 0.01) increased serum triglyceride (TG) $(153.1\pm80.1mg/dL\;vs\;101.6\pm62.4mg/dL)$ and decreased serum HDL cholesterol $(36.89\pm13.48mg/dL\;vs\;47.00\pm14.02mg/dL,\;P<0.05)$. There were significant correlations in the intake of calorie and serum albumin levels in both diabetic (r=0.438, p< 0.05) and non-diabetic (r=0.527, p<0.05) patients. Serum CRP level was negatively correlated with calorie (r= -0.468, p < 0.05), protein (r=-0.520, p < 0.01) and fat intakes (r=-0.403, p < 0.05) in diabetic patients and calorie (r=-0.534, p<0.05) and protein intakes (r=-0.559, p<0.05) in non-diabetic patients. The prevalence of protein malnutrition and the risk factors of cardiovascular disease were significantly higher in type 2 diabetic patients than in non-diabetic hemodialysis patients. Thus, we can suggest that the higher comorbidity and mortality rate in diabetic hemodialysis patients are partially explained by malnutrition and inflammation.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.37 no.sup2
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• pp.325-338
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• 2007

The purposes of this study were to compare and quantify the expression of IL-6, e1stase and ${\alpha}_1-PI$ in the gingival tissues of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy adults with chronic periodontitis. Gingival tissue samples were obtained during periodontal surgery or tooth extraction. According to the patient's systemic condition & clinical criteria of gingiva, each gingival sample was devided into three groups. Group 1 (n=8) is clinically healthy gingiva without bleeding and no evidence of bone resorption or periodontal pockets, obtained from systemically healthy 8 patients. Group 2 (n=8) is inflammed gingiva from patients with chronic periodontitis. Group 3 (n=8) is inflammed gingiva from patients with chronic periodontitis associated with type 2 diabetes. Tissue samples were prepared and analyzed by Western blotting. The quantification of IL-6, elastase and ${\alpha}_1-PI$ were performed using a densitometer and statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test. 1. The expression levels of IL-6 showed increasing tendency in group 2 and 3, and It was highest in group 3. 2. The expression of elastase showed increasing tendency in group 2 and 3, and It was highest in group 3. 3. The expression of ${\alpha}_1-PI$ showed increasing tendency in group 3 compared to group 1. 4. The ${\alpha}_1-PI$/elastase ratio was decreased in group 2 and 3 compared to group 1, especially most decreased in group 3. 5. As IL-6 levels were increasing, elastase showed increasing tendency in group 3, and although IL-6 and elastase levels were increasing, ${\alpha}_1-PI$ level in group 3 showed slightly increasing pattern comparing to group 1. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the expression levels of IL-6 and elastase will be inflammatory markers of periodontal inflammed tissue and DM. The ${\alpha}_1-PI$/elastase ratio also may be important measuring inflmmatory factors in the progression of periodontal inflammation associated to type 2DM.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the effect of 12-week Tai Chi exercise on glucose control, peripheral nerve modulation, and perceived health for Type 2 diabetic patients with neuropathy. Methods: A pretest posttest design with a nonequivalent control group, 44 diabetic patients with neuropathy were recruited from an outpatient clinic of a university hospital and assigned into Tai Chi or Control groups. The Tai Chi exercise was based on Tai Chi for Diabetes program developed by Lam (2006) and performed one hour for each session twice a week for 12 weeks. Outcome variables were HbA1c, Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument scores and perceived health. A total of 25 patients completed both measures of pretest and posttest. Results: The study participants were 67 years old in average, diagnosed by DM for more than 15 years. Those who participated in 12-week Tai Chi exercise (n=13) significantly improved in HbA1c (t=2.23, p=.035) and perceived health (t=-2.28, p=.032) than the control group (n=12). Conclusion: Tai Chi exercise may improve glucose control and health status in patients with Type II diabetes. Further study with larger sample size would be necessary to confirm the effect of Tai Chi on peripheral nerve modulation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.203-216
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• 2017

Purpose: This literature review was performed to assess the effect of raisins on human health. Methods: A review of Medline was conducted using the keywords: 'raisins, raisins and health, raisins and cardiovascular disease (CVD), raisins and cancer, raisins and diabetes, raisins and fiber, raisins and colon health, raisins and antioxidants, raisins and inflammation, raisins and dental caries'. The reference lists from previous review articles on raisins and human health and the California Raisin Marketing Board files were reviewed for additional studies. Results: Raisins have one of the highest polyphenolic content and antioxidant ORAC levels compared to other traditional dried fruits. Many of the polyphenols in raisins are well assimilated and bioavailable. Raisin consumption reduces low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, blood pressure and blood sugar, when compared to equal caloric carbohydrate snacks and is associated with a reduced risk of CVD. The anti-inflammatory and cancer chemopreventive effects of raisins are mixed. Raisin consumption reduces intestinal transit time and positively affects gut microbiota. Raisins produce sustained energy during long term athletic competitions equal to traditional sports energy gels, shots and jelly beans. Raisins produce a non-cariogenic oral environment and do not fit the American Academy of Pediatrics criteria to be considered a choking hazard. Conclusions: Based on the review of literature, consumption of raisins provide numerous health benefits for promoting general wellness and in the prevention of many chronic diseases including: CVD, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) gastrointestinal diseases, and dental caries.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.1066-1072
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on adipokines and inflammatory reaction in obesity and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) children. We studied obese (OG, n=9), type 1 diabetic (DG, n=9), and normal (NG, n=9) children groups. Measurement factors included body weight, % fat, body mass index (BMI), $VO_2max$, lipid profiles and adipokines. The results showed significant differences in body weight, % fat, BMI, and $VO_2max$ (ml/kg/min) among the OG, DG, and NG (p<0.05) groups. There were significant differences in LDL-C and HDL-C between the OG, DG, and NG groups (p<0.05). In addition, adiponectin and retinol binding protein (RBP)-4 were significantly changed in DG and NG after 12 weeks exercise training (p<0.05), and there were also significant differences among the OG, DG, and NG groups (p<0.05). Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 in the OG, DG, and NG groups was significantly increased after 12 weeks exercise training (p<0.05). In conclusion, regulatory aerobic exercise does not change body composition in obese children with T1DM, but exercise and decreased blood inflammatory factors in T1DM may protect obese children from metabolic syndrome.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.42 no.8
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• pp.673-681
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• 2009

Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disease. Particularly, diabetic nephropathy is a serious complication for diabetic patients, yet the precise mechanisms that underline the initial stage of diabetic renal inflammation remain unknown. However, oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia in diabetes is implicated in diabetic renal disease. We hypothesized that dietary supplementation of antioxidants either VCE (0.5% VC + 0.5% VE) or Comb (0.5% VC + 0.5% VE + 2.5% N-acetylcysteine) improves acute diabetic renal inflammation through modulation of blood glucose levels and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses. Experimental animals (5.5 weeks old female ICR) used were treated with alloxan (180 mg/kg) once. When fasting blood glucose levels were higher than 250 mg/dL, mice were divided into 3 groups fed different levels of antioxidant supplementation, DM (diabetic mice fed AIN 93G purified rodent diet); VCE (diabetic mice fed 0.5% vitamin C and 0.5% vitamin E supplemented diet); Comb (diabetic mice fed 0.5% vitamin C, 0.5% vitamin E and 2.5% N-acetylcysteine supplemented diet), for 10 days and then sacrificed. Body weights were measured once a week and blood glucose levels were monitored twice a week. Lipid peroxidation products, thiobarbituric acid reacting substances were measured in kidney. NF-${\kappa}B$ activation was indirectly demonstrated by pI${\kappa}B$-${\alpna}$ and expressions of selective inflammatory and oxidative stress markers including antioxidant enzymes were also determined. Dietary antioxidant supplementation improved levels of blood glucose as well as kidney lipid peroxi-dation. Dietary antioxidant supplementation improved NF-${\kappa}B$ activation and protein expression of HO-1, but not mRNA expression levels in diabetic mice fed Comb diet. In contrast, the mRNA and protein expression of CuZnSOD was decreased in diabetic mice fed Comb diet. However, antioxidant supplementation did not improve mRNA and protein expressions of IL-$1{\beta}$ and MnSOD in diabetic mice. These findings demonstrate that acute diabetic renal inflammation was associated with altered inflammatory and antioxidant responses and suggest that antioxidant cocktail supplementation may have beneficial effects on early stage of diabetic nephropathy through modulation of blood glucose levels and antioxidant enzyme expressions.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.755-766
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• 2007

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to compare and quantify the expression of $PGE_2$, MMP-14 and TIMP-1 in the gingival tissues of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy adults of chronic periodontitis with alveolar bone resorption. Material and methods: Gingival tissue samples were obtained during periodontal surgery or tooth extraction. According to the patient's systemic condition & clinical criteria of gingiva, each gingival sample was devided into three groups. Group 1 (n=8) is clinically healthy gingiva without bleeding and no evidence of bone resorption or periodontal pockets, obtained from systemically healthy 8 patients. Group 2 (n=8) is inflammed gingiva from patients of chronic periodontitis with alveolar bone resorption. Group 3(n=8) is inflammed gingiva from patients of chronic periodontitis with alveolar bone resorption associated with type 2 diabetes. Tissue samples were prepared and analyzed by Western blotting. The quantification of $PGE_2$ MMP-14 and TIMP-1 were performed using a densitometer and statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test. Results: The expressions of MMP-14 and TIMP-1 were showed increasing tendency in group 2 & 3 compared to group 1. The expressions of $PGE_2$, MMP-14 were showed increasing tendency in group 3 compared to group 1 and group 2. According to MMP-14 levels were increasing, $PGE_2$ showed increasing tendency in group 3, and although $PGE_2$, MMP-14 levels were increasing, TIMP-1 levels were similar expressed comparing to group 2. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the expression levels of MMP-14 and TIMP-1 had increasing tendency in inflammed tissue. It can be assumed that $PGE_2$ and MMP-14 may be partly involved in alveolar bone resorptive process and the progression of periodontal inflammation associated to type 2 DM.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.425-428
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• 2005

Healthcare is a research field suitable for applying the recent ubiquitous techniques. As a test system, we developed a kind of CDSS (Clinical Decision Support System) running in ubiquitous environment. called as 'uCDSS'. The uCDSS is a core system of the ubiquitous healthcare and is composed of some 'uMLMs(Ubiquitous Medical Logic Modules)'. The uMLMs based on the class in C# programming language could be reused in development of CDSS, or another EHR system running in .NET environment. As a test system, we developed the DM(Diabetes Mellitus knowledge system using ASP.NET. This system shows the potential of C# class-based uMLMs and the extensibility to any .NET development project.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.182-186
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• 2010

Purpose: Intramuscular stimulation (IMS) shows good results in the treatment of chronic pain patients who did not respond to other treatments such as oral analgesics, trigger point injection, nerve block and epidural steroid injection. But, IMS procedure especially, patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) has sometimes serious problem. So, we present a very rare case of intramuscular abscess in the sternocleiomastoid muscle after IMS with literature review. Methods: A 66 year old male visited our department 7 days after IMS in the neck. His premorbid conditions and risk factors of deep neck infection was DM and old age. Computed tomographic scans of the head and neck region were performed in this patient: signs of deep neck infection, were seen enhanced abscess in the sternocleidomastoid muscle, cellulitis overlying tissue of the neck, and air bubbles involved muscle. Necrotic wound was excised serially and we treated this with the Vacuum-assisted closure (VAC, Kinetics Concepts International, San Antonio, Texas) system device. After appropriately shaping the sponge in the pockets, continuous negative pressure of 125 mmHg was applied. The VAC therapy was utilized for a period of 12 days. Results: We obtained satisfactory results from wide excision, drainage of the abscess with the VAC system, and then primary closure. The postoperative course was uneventful. Results: We suggest that many of the infectious complications may be preventable by strict adherence to aseptic techniques and that some of the other complications may be minimized by refining the techniques with a clear understanding of the medical disorders of patients. And, the refined technique using the VAC system can provide a means of simple and effective management for the cervical intramuscular abscess, with better cosmetic and functional results.