• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.307-317
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• 1998

본 연구는 체외수정란올 손쉽고, 간편하게 장기간 동결보존 할 수 있는 초자화 동결방법을 검토하기 위하여, 초자화 동결 보존용액의 구성성분과 dextrose가 우 체외수정란의 동결보존 융해후 체외 발육율과 생존성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 조사하였다. 1. ETP 용액에서 초자화 동결 시킨후 융해하여 24∼48시간 체외배양하여 얻은 생존율에 있어서 체외배양일에 따라 생산된 배반포 및 확장배반포기 수정란의 체외생존율은 6일, 7일, 8일 및 9일에 각각 11.9% 19.8%, 23.4% 및 15.3%로서 처리구간에 커다란 차이는 없었으나, 발육단계별 성적은 배반포기가 15.2% 로서 확장배반포기의 23.3% 보다 유의하게 낮았다 (P＜0.05). 2. ETP 초자화 동결 보존액에 당의 청가 (0.375M dextrose)가 초자화 동결 융해후 생존성에 미치는 효과을 검토한 결과, 체외배양일에 따른 동결 융해후 생존성은 7일에 생산된 수정란이 54.5%로서 여타구 (6일, 34.6% ; 8일, 37.9% ; 9일, 13.0%)보다 높은 성적을 얻었으며, 발육단계별 동결융해후 생존성에서는 확장배반포기 수정란이 45.8%로서 배반포기 수정란의 25.0% 보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높아 (P＜0.05), 실험 1의 결과와 유사한 경향을 보였으며, 당을 첨가할 경우 다소 높은 생존율을 나타냈다. 3. ETP 초자화 동결용액에서 PVP 농도가 생존성에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과, 12% PVP 첨가구(20.0%) 와 20% PVP 첨가구 (19.8%)에서 동결 융해하여 24∼48 시간 체외배양한 후 생존성에는 커다란 차이가 인정되지 않았으며, 발육단계별 성적에서도 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 4. GESD 동결용액을 이용한 초자화 동결에 있어서 7일∼9일 사이에 생산된 체외수정란을 동결융해하여 24∼48시간 체외배양하여 얻은 생존율은 8일째에 생산된 수정란의 동결 융해후 생존성이 94.6%로서 7일 (71.4%)와 9일 (40.5%)에 생산된 수정란보다 유의하게 높은 성척을 얻었다(P＜0.05). 한편 초자화 동결 수정란을 융해하여 체외배양시킨 후 hatching 까지 배양된 체외 발육율은 8일째에 생산된 수정란이 35.1%로서 7일의 28.6% 와 9일의 16.2% 보다 우수한 결과를 얻어 24∼48시간 체외배양 성적과 동일한 경향을 보였다. 5. GETP 동결용액을 이용한 초자화 동결에 있어서 체외배양일 (7일∼9일)에 따라 생산된 수정란을 동결융해하여 일정시간 동안 체외배양시킨 후 생존성과 hatching 배반포기까지의 체외발육율은 배양일에 따라 생산된 수정란들간에 커다란 차이가 포기가 37.0%로서 배반포기 인정되지 않았으나 (P＞0.05), 발육단계별 성적에서는 확장배반수정란의 9.6% 보다 유의하게 높은 성적을 얻었다(P＜0.05).

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.12-17
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• 1986

The pericardial adhesions following the first open heart surgery pose a major problem that can increase the morbidity and mortality in cases of reoperation because of the danger of damaging the heart, great vessels or grafts. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of intrapericardial infusion of 5% dextrose solution and heparin on experimental pericardial adhesions. The 15 white rabbits were divided into three treatment groups of 5 animals each: group 1 [control group], group 2[5% dextrose group] and group 3 [heparin group]. At 4 weeks, all animals were sacrificed and the pericardial adhesions were graded as follows: 1[none], ll[mild], Ill[moderate] and IV[severe]. Histological examination was performed on a subset of each group. The difference of adhesion between control and heparin group was evaluated by Chi-square analysis. The results were as follows: 1. Pericardial adhesions developed in 80% of animals in group 1 and 2. 2. Only 40%> of animals in group 3 had mild to moderate pericardial adhesions. This was significantly different from the control group [P=0.01]. 3. Histological examination showed that the pericardium with adhesion was thickened with fibrosis, while that without adhesion was thin, normal appearance. 4. In group 3, there was no evidence of hemorrhage or hemorrhagic tendency in the pericardium.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.45-49
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• 1997

The effect of the light on the stability of 5-fluorouracil admixture was investigated. Four sets of 5-fluorouracil admixture were prepared using 50 mg/ml injection in $5\%$ dextrose solution in PVC bags and glass bottles: (1) 5-fluorouracil 1 mg/ml concentration in glass bottles, (2) 5-fluorouracil 1 mg/ml in PVC bags, (3) 5-fluorouracil 10 mg/ml in glass bottles, and (4) 5-fluorouracil 10 mg/ml in PVC bags. In each set, one group was protected from the light (control group) and the other group was exposed to the fluorescent light (study group). All admixtures were stored at room temperature for 72 hours. Also, 5-fluorouracil injections (50 mg/ml) were prepared in plastic syringes. Half of the samples of 50 mg/ml concentration were protected from the light (control group) and the other half were exposed to the fluorescent light (study group). These were stored at room temperature for 48 hours. After visual inspection, the pHs of each admixture were determined. The 5-fluorouracil concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection, with 5-bromouracil as an internal standard. Over the study period, no visual changes were observed. The pHs of 5-fluorouracil admixtures were in the range of $8.2\~8.5$. The peak area ratios (5-FU/5-BrU) of 5-fluorouracil admixtures protected from the light were compared with those of the admixtures exposed to the light. There was no statistically significant difference between two groups during the study period (p>0.05). In conclusion, 5-fluorouracil admixtures in $5\%$ dextrose solution exposed to the light were stable for 72 hours.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.105-109
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• 1989

ACF을 이용한 컬럼흡착에서 유기물의 액상흡착을 크로마토그래피에 의하여 측정하였다. 박테리아가 없는 상태에서의 텍스트로스의 흡착평형상수 Ka는 $72.5cm^3/g$이었으며 박테리아 공존상에서의 Ka값은 $87.9cm^3/g$을 나타내였다. 이것은 ACF상(床)의 박테리아의 존재가 유기물의 흡착평형상수 증가에 기여함을 알 수 있었다. 축방향혼합확산계수 Ez는 박테리아의 유무에 의존하지 않았다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.151-160
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• 1997

Azospirillum sp., photosynthetic bacteria(Rhodopseudomonas sp.) and Pseudomonas sp. were separated and screened from soil and soilless culture, and identificated. The antifungal activities against root-infected pathogens and plant growth promoting effects of the cultured solution of the starins(5.0$\times$105 cells/$m\ell$) in the peatmoss compost on the early growth of cucumber and tomato seedling were investigated. Azospirillum sp. and Pseudomonas sp. showed a antifungal activities against Fusarium sp., Pythium sp. and Rhizoctonia sp in thed ranges of 51.0% to 72.0% on potato dextrose agar medium, however photosynthetic bacteria had not antifungal activities. When cultured solution of Azospirillum sp., photosynthetic bacterial and Pseudomonas sp. were bacterialized by mixing with peatmoss compost, early growth of cucumber and tomato in terms of plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, root length, fresh anf dry weight of leaf, stem and root were promoted, especially photosynthetic bacteria had a the best plant growth promting activities.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.305-310
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• 1997

For the continuous production of transglucosylated steviosides, cyclodextrin glucanotransferase from Bacillus macerans was immobilized onto Diaion HPA 75 (styrene-divinylbenzene resin) that was screened from ion exchange resins, synthetic adsorbents and chitosan derivatives. The parameters influencing enzyme immobilization were examined in order to maximize the activity of immobilized enzyme. The optimum conditions for immobilization turned out to be: contact time 2 hr at 30$circ$C, pH 6$sim$9, and enzyme loading 20mg protein/g resin at 4.4 Os/Kg as osmolarity. Competing with other molecules having low molecular weight, enzyme was immobilized reversibly. The activity of immobilized enzyme was as high as 180U/g resin when the diafiltrated solution of stock enzyme was used. The optimum conditions for transglucosylation were as follows: pH 6.0, temperature 50$circ$C, 30% substrate solution composed of 15% stevioside mixture and 15% dextrin of which value of dextrose equivalent was about 9.0.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.259-272
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• 1987

This was study carried out to investigate the effect of calcium on spontaneous contraction and electrical activity induced by ethanol in gastric smooth muscle. After peeling off the mucous membrane from the isolated whole stomach of 102 cats, two kinds of small muscle preparations $(2.0{\times}0.2\;cm)$, one longitudinal and the other circular, were excised from the fundus, the corpus and the antrum portion of each whole stomach specimen. The isometric contraction of the small muscle preparation was measured in a cylinder-shaped chamber filled with Krebs-Ringer-dextrose solution (pH 7.4, temperature $36{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$) bubbling with 5% $CO_2$ in $O_2$. A large muscle preparation $(5.0{\times}1.2\;cm)$ was excised from the anterior wall of the corpus-antrum portion of the same specimen in 72 of 102 cats. The gastric electrical activity (slow wave and spike potential) was monopolarly recorded by four capillary electrodes (Ag-AgCl), of which two were placed on the corpus and two on the antrum, in a muscle chamber filled with the same solution as described above. Changes in the amplitude of the contraction, frequency of the gastric slow wave and the production of the spike potential were observed after adding ethanol and/or under the treatments with verapamil, $CaCl_2$ and Ca-free Krebs-Ringer-dextrose solution. The results were as follows: 1) After adding ethanol, the spontaneous phasic contraction of the corpus was reduced dose-dependently (0.125-2.0%), which was totally abolished by higher concentrations (2.0-8.0%) of ethanol. 2) The corporal phasic contraction was also completely abolished by verapamil $(3{\times}10^{-5}\;M)$ or Ca-free Krebs-Ringer-dextrose solution. The contraction was increased by $CaCl_2\;(1.8{\times}10^{-3}\;M)$, but the inhibitory effect of ethanol on the contraction persisted even under the treatment with $CaCl_2$. 3) At higher concentrations, ethanol caused tonic contraction of both preparations from the fundus, the corpus and the antrum in a dose-dependent manner. The tonic contraction of the fundus produced by ethanol was not influenced by $CaCl_2$ or verapamil, whereas the tonic contraction was not produced by ethanol in tile Ca-free solution. 4) Frequency of gastric slow wave was decreased dose-dependently by the addition of ethanol (0.25-1.0%), and tile slow wave was not produced by higher concentration of ethanol (2.0%). 5) The frequency of slow wave was significantly reduced by verapamil only and the inhibitory influence of ethanol on the slow wave frequency was reinforced by verapamil. 6) The treatment of $CaCl_2$ increased significantly the slow wave frequency, and attenuated the inhibitory effect of ethanol on the frequency. It is therefore suggested that ethanol regulates the phasic contraction and the production of slow wave by interfering with the transport of calcium in the stomach muscle of the cat.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.70-78
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• 1988

평이버섯의 유전연구(遺傳硏究)와 신품종(新品種) 육성(育成)의 기초자료(基礎資料)를 얻기 위하여 팽이버섯의 원형질체(原形質體) 나출(裸出)에 영향(影響)을 미치는 제(諸) 요인(要因)을 구명(究明)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 팽이버섯의 균사생장(菌絲生長) 및 원형질체(原形質體) 나출(裸出)에 알맞은 배지(培地)는 Potato Dextrose peptone Agar였으며 5일간(日間) 배양(培養)된 지수적(指數的) 생장기(生長期)의 균사체(菌絲體)에서 원형질체(原形質體) 나출량(裸出量)이 가장 많았다. MMM 배지(培地)에서는 전혀 나출(裸出) 되지 않았다. 원형질체(原形質體)의 나출(裸出)은 Novozyme 234+Cellulase CP를 10 mg$ml^{-1}$ 농도(濃度)로 사용(使用)하였을때 $52.0{\times}10^{5}ml^{-1}$로 가장 높았으며 최적(最適) 반응시간(反應時間)은 3시간(時間)이었다. Novozyme 단독처리구(單獨處理區)에서는 나출량(裸出量)이 반정도 였다. 효소액(酵素液) pH의 영향(影響)은 삼투압조절제(參透壓調節劑)의 종류(種類)에 따라 차이(差異)를 보였다. 예소액(醴素液)의 반응시간(反應時間)은 Novozyme 234+cellulase CP 10 mg $ml^{-1}$의 경우 3시간(時間) 후(後) 최대(最大) 조출량(操出量)을 보였다. 삼투압조절제는 0.6 M의 Sucrose가 효과적(效果的)이었으며 완형액(緩衡液)없이 pH 6.2로 사용(使用)할 때 원형질체(原形質體)의 나출량(裸出量)이 가장 많았다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.174-180
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• 2000

Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTasa) from Thermoanaerobacter sp. was adsorbed on the ion exchange resin Amberlite IRA-900. The optimum conditions for the immobilization of the CGTase were pH6.0 and 600 U CGTase/g resin, and the maximum yield of immobilization was around 63% on the basis of amount ratio of the adsorbed enzyme to intial amount in the solution. Immobilixation of CGTase shifted the optimum temperature for the enzyme to peoduce transglycosylated xylitol from 7$0^{\circ}C$ to 9$0^{\circ}C$ and improved the thermal stability of immobilized CGTase, especially after the addition of soluble starch and calcium ions. Transglycosylated xylitol was continuoncly produced using immobilized CGTase in the column type packed bed reactor, and the operating conditions for maximum yield were 10%(w/v) dextrin (13 of the dextrose equivalent) as the glycosyl donor, 10%(w/v) dextrin (13 of the dextrose equivalent) as the glycosyl donor, 10%(w/v) xylitor as the glycosyl acceptor, 20mL/h of medium fiow rate, and 6$0^{\circ}C$. The maximum yield of transglycosylated xylitol and productivity were 25% and 7.82 g.L-1.h-1, respectively. The half-life of the immobilized CGTase in a column type packed bed reactor was longer than 30 days.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.223-228
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• 1997

Quinones have been reported to undergo nonenzymatic reaction with thiols to generate reactive oxygens. It is therefore possible that the nonenzymatic reaction of quinones with thiols in plasma could lead to potentJared cellular toxicity or disease. When 1 mM menadione was added in plasma under pH 11.2, 7.4 and 5.0, the increase in oxygen consumption rate was the order of pH 11.2 > pH 7.4 > pH 5.0. In addition, oxygen consumption rates under plasma anticoagulated with trisodium citrate solution (pH 7.85) was significantly higher than those with acid-citrate-dextrose solution (pH 6.87). SOD and catalase reduced the rate of oxygen consumption induced by menadione in plasma. Taken together, these results suggest that the menadione-induced increased oxygen consumption was due to nonenzymatic reaction of menadione with thiols in the plasma. The presence of plasma has an additive effect on the increased oxygen consumption rates induced by the menadione treatments on our model tissue, platelets, as compared between washed platelet (WP) and platelet rich plasma (PRP). Cytotoxicity, as determined by LDH release, are well correlated with the oxygen consumption rates observed in each system and strongly suggest that menadione-induced cytotoxicity can be increased with the presence of blood plasma.