• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.483-489
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• 2020

Particulate matter is divided into PM10 (particle diameter of 10 ㎛ or less) and PM2.5 (particle diameter of 2.5 ㎛ or less), which are approximately 1/5 of the thickness of the hair. Due to its effect on the human body, lung disease, arteriosclerosis and heart It is known as a carcinogen that causes various diseases such as diseases. It is known that the main cause of such fine dust is nitrogen dioxide (NOx), which is emitted from automobiles in about 57.3% of urban roadsides. Therefore, in this study, as part of the development of functional construction materials to reduce NOx generated from road transport pollutants, comparative evaluation of NOx reduction performance was conducted according to the replacement rate of cement mortar in which cement was replaced with a porous material. In addition, the NOx reduction performance of cement mortar according to the photocatalyst application method and the number of applications was compared an d evaluated. As a result of the experiment, when activated ocher was substituted by 30%, it showed a reduction effect of about 32.7%, showing the best reduction performance.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.70-78
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• 2002

The landscape disign of Gamcheon wholesale fish Market was designed around a turnkey base to promote the economy of Busan Metropolitan City, to establish a fishery marketing center and to modernize existing facilities. The objectives of the project were to promote the mood of an old market, while preserving its functions and efficiency as a market, to design outdoor spaces with natural resources and amenities in balance, and to create attractive tourist spots in connection with the wide area development plan. The project was oriented, fast, to enhance the functions of the market. For this purpose, a multi-dimensional space layout was designed in consideration of functions as a wholesale market. The safety of pedestrians was secured by separating lathes for vehicles and for pedestrians. Tree planting with various functions such as sheltering, wind breaking and guiding was planned. Secondly, nature-friendly and human-friendly landscaping design was attempted. For this, the beautiful natural resources of Amnam Park were utilized, and green spaces such as green bridges linking buildings in the wholesale market, and rooftop gardens were to be arranged. In addition, environment-friendly facilities such as roads paved with natural materials(i.e. gravel, shells) and program parking lots were to be planned. Thirdly, landscape design was considered to create attractive tourist spots. For example, a fish farm was created as a theme street for pedestrians and various water-friendly spaces such as pedestrian ramps, observatories and seaside streets were to be secured. The main contents are as follows. First, a green bridge to Ahnnam Park was introduced for a tour source and flower garden, an event plan and viewing deck open to the sea were planned on the bridge's axis. Secondly, for the effective land use plan concerning open space and convenience to visitors, a promenade was planned, which is connected with the theme plaza and small plazas by environmental sculptures in front of the market hall and at the gate. As well, an observatory and a roof garden help create three dimensional multi leveled space, with a good view of the natural landscape of the sea, sky and park Thirdly, landscape materials, such as trees and those for facilities, strengthened for protection against the seawind and salt damage were selected. The commercial market area was intended to be transformed a traditional functional area of efficiency and economy into an attractive marine leisure area where both tourists and neighbors can make use of it.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.527-539
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• 2023

Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important vegetable and spice crop that has been cultivated worldwide. Pepper fruits have unique taste and aroma, providing a variety of antioxidants and compounds important for human health, which makes a high economic value. In addition, there is a high demand for new pepper varieties, according to consumer's preference. However, pepper is a recalcitrant plant for in vitro tissue and organ differentiation and plant regeneration, which makes it difficult to develop demanded varieties using newly developed technologies such as genetic engineering and gene editing. In this study, tissue culture and regeneration conditions were investigated using seven pepper varieties that were obtained from the core-collection of Seoul National University. We observed callus and bud induction and shoot formation using several media composition composed of different cytokinins and auxin concentrations. As a result, it was found that there were differences in callus induction and shoot formation of each variety depending on the hormone composition, and the highest regeneration was shown when the medium containing Zeatin Riboside and the petioles of seedlings were used. In particular, out of seven pepper varieties, CMV980 exhibited a higher regeneration efficiency (approximately 48%) than other varieties, followed by Yuwolcho. Therefore, this study provides CMV980 and Yuwolcho as good candidates that can be used for pepper transformation, which might contribute to the development of various varieties through gene editing technology in the future.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2001

N fertilizer recommendations to optimize with consideration to maximum crop yields, maximum profits, and minimum N losses to ground or runoff water, an advisory system. Nitrogen Expert System (NES), was developed. The system was to estimate the optimal rate of N fertilizer application cornfields in Illinois. NES was constructed using Smart Elements, a knowledge-based system that manages the expertise of human experts. NES was reinforced by addition of the effect of a productivity index (PI), soil organic matter content (SOM), and pre-sidedressing of nitrate concentration (PSNT) to the optimal N fertilizer recommendation. NES contains 49 rules, 1 class, 14 objects, and 2 properties. NES was successfully operated, showing N recommendations with inputs of three soil properties including PI, SOM, and PSNT. NES can reduce N loss to the environment, but adherence to the recommendations may also reduce farmers income. Therefore, NES will be more effective by evaluating both environmental damage assessment and other economic agricultural management parameters and other soil physico-chemical parameters.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.157-165
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• 2023

In Korea, a major contaminant of farmland soils in the vicinity of abandoned mines is arsenic, for which the general soil reclamation method is contaminated soil stabilization and cover the stabilized soil with clean soil at a thickness of 40 cm. In a previous pot experiment study we confirmed the feasibility of a lower thickness (20 cm) of covering soil for such reclamation in abandoned coal mines, where arsenic contamination levels are generally lower than in metal mines. In this subsequent study a field experiment including rice plant cultivation in field test plots was conducted. For over 4 months, the transfer of arsenic from the contaminated soil to the unpolished rice grains was reduced by 44% when a clean soil covering with a thickness of 20 cm was applied. The maximum decrease (56%) was shown when the stabilization process was performed before the covering. These results reveal a lower thickness of clean soil covering has a high feasibility and it can increase cost-efficiency in the reclamation of an abandoned coal mine.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.55-64
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• 2015

In this study, negative air ions, which can increase comfort and positively influence human health, was set as an evaluative factor for school forests. The characteristics, location and microclimate of school forests were examined to determine an effective school forest model for maximum negative air ion generation. It also aimed to provide basic data for the development of urban green fields. The negative air ion concentrations were different according to the green types. The order from the highest to the lowest was: single-layer structure($934ea/cm^3$) > multi-layer structure($794ea/cm^3$) > grass($553ea/cm^3$) > bare ground($529ea/cm^3$). As for the correlation with microclimate, negative air ion concentration was negatively correlated with temperature. The negative air ion concentration was significantly different according to planting type. The negative air ion concentration was higher at single-layer structure sites than at multi-layer structure sites, which appears to indicate that the temperature is higher when the vegetation structure was single-layer compared to multi-layer. Wind speed was higher at the single-layer planted site than at the multi-layer planted site. The vegetation wind shielding effect was lower at single-layer planted sites than at multi-layer planted sites. The single-layer planted site provided more favorable conditions for the generation and dispersion of negative air ions.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.619-626
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• 2009

As a trial for the development of a new starter culture for yogurt products, more than two hundred lactic acid bacteria strains were isolated from raw milk and healthy human feces. The strains that showed excellent growth and acid production ability in the 10% skim milk media were selected and identified as Lactobacillus casei through the API carbohydrate fermentation pattern and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. L. casei CU2604 was further investigated for its physiological characteristics as a starter culture compared with a commercial strain. The CU2604 strain showed good acid production and growth characteristics in milk, which were comparable to those of the L. casei Shirota strain. Despite the fact that both these strains displayed the same sugar fermenting pattern and PFGE band pattern, and had similar growth characteristic in milk, L. casei CU2604 exhibited different fatty acid composition in the cell wall, showed more tolerance to bile and to pH, and presented better growth inhibition activity against pathogenic bacteria. Based on these results, the L. casei CU2604 strain holds great promise for use as a novel and efficient starter culture in the production of yogurt. Additional studies on the probiotic characteristics of this strain are currently being conducted.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.67-100
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• 2011

This study assesses the current status of community child centers in Jeollabuk-do by analyzing data from evaluations of 225 centers in 2009. The results are as follows. First, as of 2004, there was a total of 37 Jeollabuk-do community child centers; the number has been increasing at a rate of 20~40% yearly. The number of community child centers has been increasing since government funding was implemented, especially as an authorization is not required to open a center. In order to prevent an excessive amount of childcare centers, and to ensure that new centers meet a standard of quality, it is necessary to examine replacing the current reporting system with an authorization system. Second, out the 6,144 children in the 255 centers, 1,711 children (27.8%) were not from low-income families. This may be positive in that children from various income level families are learning together. However, in order for the community child centers to operate as they were intended, it is necessary to reinforce the itemized regulations. Third, the community child centers scored relatively poorly in utilizing community and human resources. This is because although most Jeollabuk-do childcare centers are using volunteer personnel, they are not fully utilizing community resources. The governments of the cities and counties should support the community child centers by promoting their services and roles, and thereby enable the centers to develop a network of professionals in the community.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.21-28
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• 2024

This study analyzed the current status of care policies and senior citizen issues in Korea, which has entered a super-aging society, and attempted to suggest improvement measures for desirable convergence policies. The problems of the elderly in Korea have emerged as health problems, poverty problems, loss of roles, and care problems due to changes in the concept of family, values, and socioeconomic structure. In addition, poor seniors need jobs and employment policies, and healthy middle-class seniors need policy development to enable leisure activities and volunteer activities. In particular, it is necessary to establish policies to enable people to spend the rest of their lives in elderly care facilities and elderly care hospitals through community care policies. The super-aging society accounts for more than 20% of the total population among those aged 65 or older, and according to the National Statistical Office, it is expected to become a super-aging society by 2025. Elderly welfare policies must provide various programs and the needs and services of elderly care, and in the future, a super-aging society will need to secure a lot of financial resources and maintain a productive population to cover the financial resources. In other words, the human life cycle is from birth to death, and when the ratio of natural deaths of the elderly and infants born is appropriate, the society and the country can be seen as stable, vibrant, and healthy societies.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.54 no.7
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• pp.495-507
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• 2021

With the recent industrial development, accidental pollution in riverine environments has frequently occurred. It is thus necessary to simulate pollutant transport and dispersion using water quality models for predicting pollutant residence times. In this study, we conducted a field experiment in a meandering reach of the Sum River, South Korea, to validate the field applicability and prediction accuracy of RAMS+ (River Analysis and Modeling System+), which is a two-dimensional (2D) stream flow/water quality analysis program. As a result of the simulation, the flow analysis model HDM-2Di and the water quality analysis model CTM-2D-TX accurately simulated the 2D flow characteristics, and transport and mixing behaviors of the pollutant tracer, respectively. In particular, CTM-2D-TX adequately reproduced the elongation of the pollutant cloud, caused by the storage effect associated with local low-velocity zones. Furthermore, the transport model effectively simulated the secondary flow-driven lateral mixing at the meander bend via 2D dispersion coefficients. We calculated the residence time for the critical concentration, and it was elucidated that the calculated residence times are spatially heterogeneous, even in the channel-width direction. The findings of this study suggest that the 2D water quality model could be the accidental pollution analysis tool more efficient and accurate than one-dimensional models, which cannot produce the 2D information such as the 2D residence time distribution.