• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.252-273
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• 2009

Due to the importance of biotechnological literacy, the educational community in fields such as technology education, science education, and agricultural education has acknowledged the importance of biotechnology instruction for secondary school. Although recognized as a content organizer in the field of technology education, the actual teaching of biotechnology has not been broadly implemented in technology education classes. In the perspective of expectancy-value theory, technology teachers' motivation is the key factor for affecting the biotechnology instruction. This study investigates Korean technology teachers' motivational beliefs toward biotechnology and its instruction and their perceived ability and value toward biotechnology learning contents. To measure their motivational beliefs and attitudes, a composite on-line survey (fifteen motivational beliefs items, eight biotechnology content items, and related demographic items) was developed. Based on 114 Korean technology teachers' responses the researcher performed a descriptive analysis, independent t-test, and factor analyses (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis using M-plus 5.0 and SPSS 16.0). Korean technology teachers' abilities toward eight biotechnology contents indicated lowscores while their values were relatively high. Through the independent sample t-test by two demographic variables (gender and professional development), this study found several significant differences in the perceived value. As a preliminary finding of exploratory factor analysis, fifteen items was separated into two motivational constructs of expectancy (6 items) and value (8 items). One item (item #6) was eliminated due to the cross loading. The final findings of this study may have significant implications for professional development regarding biotechnology and its instruction (both in-service and pre-service training) of technology teachers. Also, the confirmatory facctor analysis supported the preliminary finding. Finally, this study recommends that a validity test for other population, investigation for motivational sub-constructs, and in-depth investigation toward biotechnology instruction.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.897-907
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• 2013

Since various smart devices are being developed, a growing number of people are reading eBooks instead of paper books. However, people started making eBooks on their own by scanning paper books because there are not enough eBooks provided from market. The term "Bookscan" was made with this reason. The number of bookscan company is increasing because the equipment is too expensive. However, the commercial activity of bookscan company is against copyright law. Also bookscan files are in danger of being illegally distributed on web, because bookscan companies are not protecting copyright. Publication market follows the same procedure with sound market which was collapsed due to copyright problem. Therefore, the technical methods should be prepared for law system against bookscan. The previous ICOP(Illegal Copyrights Obstruction Program) system has been applied to sound and movie files, but not applied to publication. This paper suggests the framework for bookscan file management based on practical mechanism.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2007

This study was done to develop PDA based application system for forest geographic information with GPS. The major results obtained in this study were as follows. A PDA based application program was developed to work on $Microsoft^{TM}$ PocketPC 2002 and 2003 operating system. The screen of PDA displays a 1:25,000 digital topographical map adopted DXF format converted from PC, and the map data with 1:2,500 to 1:30,000 on PDA can be zoomed in or out to five levels. Current position and navigating path received from GPS can be displayed on the screen and be saved in PDA. Information selected among layers of digital topographic map in DXF format can be converted into binary files which can be used on forest geographic information software. This can compress DXF files to 90% in size, and the processing speed of PDA was improved. The forest geographic information management system can be used to manage sample plots on which forest inventory is done, with the help of the sub-menus and grid index values with position information received from GPS. Forest workers can in quire forest geographic information such as forest type, location, forest roads, soil erosion control dams using forest geographic information management system in the field. The forest geographic information management system can provide current position and mobile path information to people who enjoy forest related activities like mountain-climbing, sightseeing, and visiting to historic spots.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.296-310
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• 2000

During the past 10 years, concern for community people's health has increased together with the changes. Public health policies and studies for community people's health, however, have influenced those in childmaternal health care to want more general coverage and studies of health and wellness. Particularly, the study of community people's health in the extent an island area is almost rare as that personal and the material benefits in this area are lacking of community people's work is large, and the basic elements of living, such as diet and elimination, are irregular due to the schedule of the tide. Thus, there are many potential health problems. In this regard, the study attempted to understand the health problems of island community people and to provide a basis for developing health promotion and health education programs. In collecting data for the study, face to face interviews were made through a structured questionnaire from October 1 to December 30, 1996. Collected data were analyzed with the SAS statistics program, descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA. Subjects' health status was examined by classifying into such categories as their health perception, complaints of health problem, related lifestyle, psychosocial health staus, the result of examination is as follows; 1. For subjects' health perception, 26.9% of the subject answered not sick, but not so healthy'; 30.9% thought they were healthy, while 22.9% answered that they were not healthy. 2. For the health problem complaints many complained of pains in their muscles and skeletal system, especially knee joint pain. Women's health problems related with breast and the reproductive system included 52.3% of cases doing breast self examination, while 56.55% received the cervical cancer screening test. In men's health problems, 44.2% of subjects answered that they have moderate to severe BPH(Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy) symptom. 3. There were statistically a significant difference in the degree of physical health according to marital status(p=0.0028), occupation(p=0.0442), income(p=0.0357). 4. For stress status, 17.2% was to need the intervention, 50.2% was to need observation. 5. The mean score of self-esteem was 27.7 showing a relatively high score. 6. For the rate of smoking, 37.7% used to smoke, while 28% used to take alcohol. 7. The rate of substance abuse was 45.9% of subjects. 8. Most of subjects' health behaviors included most of the acupuncture (52%). 9. The rate of subjects receiving comprehensive medical testing was 34.36% while 34.78% did after care managing behavior. 10. For the obesity grade, 53% is normal weight, low-weight 32.8%, obesity 33%. 11. For nutrition status, 78.7% illy balanced to need intervention of nutritional education. 12. For 78.7% of subjects, muscle strength and 40.7% of stretching were not good enough to need health education on physical exercises. Therefore, based on the results, appropriate health education programs need to be developed to promote health of community people on an island.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.381-386
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• 2016

Background: Bladder cancer is an international public health problem. It is the ninth most common cancer and the fourteenth leading cause of death due to cancer worldwide. Given aging populations, the incidence of this cancer is rising. Information on the incidence and mortality of the disease, and their relationship with level of economic development is essential for better planning. The aim of the study was to investigate bladder cancer incidence and mortality rates, and their relationship with the the Human Development Index (HDI) in the world. Materials and Methods: Data were obtained from incidence and mortality rates presented by GLOBOCAN in 2012. Data on HDI and its components were extracted from the global bank site. The number and standardized incidence and mortality rates were reported by regions and the distribution of the disease were drawn in the world. For data analysis, the relationship between incidence and death rates, and HDI and its components was measured using correlation coefficients and SPSS software. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: In 2012, 429,793 bladder cancer cases and 165,084 bladder death cases occurred in the world. Five countries that had the highest age-standardized incidence were Belgium 17.5 per 100,000, Lebanon 16.6/100,000, Malta 15.8/100,000, Turkey 15.2/100,000, and Denmark 14.4/100,000. Five countries that had the highest age-standardized death rates were Turkey 6.6 per 100,000, Egypt 6.5/100,000, Iraq 6.3/100,000, Lebanon 6.3/100,000, and Mali 5.2/100,000. There was a positive linear relationship between the standardized incidence rate and HDI (r=0.653, P<0.001), so that there was a positive correlation between the standardized incidence rate with life expectancy at birth, average years of schooling, and the level of income per person of population. A positive linear relationship was also noted between the standardized mortality rate and HDI (r=0.308, P<0.001). There was a positive correlation between the standardized mortality rate with life expectancy at birth, average years of schooling, and the level of income per person of population. Conclusions: The incidence of bladder cancer in developed countries and parts of Africa was higher, while the highest mortality rate was observed in the countries of North Africa and the Middle East. The program for better treatment in developing countries to reduce mortality from the cancer and more detaiuled studies on the etiology of are essential.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.137-147
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• 2007

Background : Interpretative reporting is an important aspect of laboratory medicine. The large menu of laboratory tests available today makes it increasingly difficult for the non-specialist to order and interpret all laboratory tests. The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of an expert system to interpret laboratory tests and help physicians order the appropriate tests. Materials and Methods : In order to interpret laboratory tests, a rules-based expert system was developed. In this module, if-then rules were used to interpret the given test result patterns (e.g. urinalysis, anemia, hepatitis B virus, hypercholesterolemia, glucose, syphilis, and tumor markers) and select matching text elements. The system was used to evaluate 535 subjects who visited a health-check program. Results : The overall abnormal rate was 50.5% in the expert system; 34% for cholesterol, 9.9% for urinalysis, 8.0% for anemia, 7.7% for thyroid function tests, 4.5% for tumor marker study, 4.7% for hepatitis virus antigen, 4.3% for serum glucose, and 1.1% for syphilis. Conclusion : These results indicate that the application of the expert system for the interpretation of laboratory tests may provide a useful method for the interpretation of reports. However more rules are needed for the application to in-patients.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.3 s.63
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• pp.249-262
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• 2005

Backgrounds : As obesity prevails as an epidemic. diet programs including low-calorie diets are developed continuously. It is generally believed that a low-calorie diet is commonly followed by resting metabolic rate decrease and ultimate weight regain. Ephedra and Evodia are known to have sympathomimetic and anti-obesity effect. Objectives : This study was a prospective, double-blinded, randomized md placebo-controlled clinical trial to evaluate the effects of Ephedra sinica and Evodia rutaecarpa on resting metabolic rate (RMR), weight, body composition, and short-term safety in obese women on low-calorie diet. Methods : 125 otherwise healthy obese women (body mass Index ${\geq}\;25kg/m^2$) were recruited and randomly assigned to three groups: Ephedra group (n=41), Evodia group (n =45), and placebo group (n=39). Subjects were administered Ephedra extract in capsules (pseudo-ephedrine 31.52mg) or Evodia extract in capsules (evodiamine 6.75mg, rutaecarpine 0.66mg) or placebo capsules as well as participating in a low-calorie diet for 8 weeks, Resting metabolic rate and body composition were measured at baseline,4 and 8 weeks. Basic serum exams were performed to evaluate the short-term safety of the herbs and changes of lipid variables. Results : All three groups showed significant BMI decreases probably due to low-calorie diet. Among them, the Ephedra group manifested most prominent BMI-reducing effect and towered total cholesterol and triglycerides significantly. The RMR was not changed during the 8-week diet in all groups. No significant difference among the groups was found in RMR, either. Stbject with higher RMR than the mean at the baseline showed a tendency to keep their RMR more stable during the diet program. Conclusions : Ephedra with a low-calorie diet was effective in reducing BMI. RMR change was not compensated by herbal medicines. RMR change seemed to be affected rather by constitution and body composition than medicine. Ephedra and Evodia were proven to be safe for sort-term use in herbal form. Especially, Ephedra was effective in lowering total cholesterol and triglycerides during the 8 weeks.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.103-122
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• 2011

This study suggests regionally closely-related traditional market support measures that are intended. Market and the community to investigate the relationship between traditional markets and the degree of relationship with the local economy, whether the degree of cooperation with local communities, local people in stores and traditional markets, with a visual image, interacting with local relevance were. Executed questionnaire to merchants and traditional market connection specialists of the tradition market engaged to whole country small town. Small town region's traditional markets have a close relationship with the community. Contribute to regional economic development, and locals have a passion for shopping. Small town to enable local traditional market requires the following way. Through surveys and research policy implications are as follows: First, by constructing a civil partnership with a focus on the needs of local residents need market activation measures. Second, the traditional market members to build social relationships that contribute to their local needs. Third, Installation and utilization of community space in traditional markets is required. Fourth, to increase the participation of young people need to be developed in the program. Fifth, small town regional market collapse and space reorganization is needed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.221-235
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• 2013

By identifying the effects of support from spouse and family on the mental health of marriage immigrant women, this study was proposed in obtaining basic data for a mental health intervention program. This study is a descriptive correlation study conducted on 129 marriage immigrant women as subjects. The result of the study showed differences in the following: for anxiety, depending on their country of origin, length of marriage, family structure, marriage structure, visit back home, and Korean language skill; for depression, depending on their spouse's education level, providing financial support for family back home, and Korean language skill; for somatization disorder, depending on their spouses' education level, area of residence, and occupation. Also, anxiety and depression showed a negative correlation with support from spouse and family, and somatization disorder showed a negative correlation with support from family. The main variable for mental health was support from family; for anxiety, the main variables were country of origin, length of marriage, and marriage structure; for somatization disorder, the main variables were spouse's education level, area or residence, and occupation. Based on the results of this study, a variety of mental health programs helpful for immigrant women in adapting to their multi-faceted and complex life in a different culture and nursing interventions for improving support from family would need to be developed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.112-120
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• 2020

This study examined the relationship between the happiness, empowerment, and nursing performance of nurses with more than one-year of clinical experience, and the factors affecting the nursing performance. The subjects were 164 nurses who worked in two general hospitals in Incheon and Chungcheong-do, Korea. Data were collected from October to November 2018. The main findings of this study were as follows. The mean scores for happiness, empowerment, and nursing performance were 3.07±0.36, 3.37±0.43, and 3.40±0.44 points. Happiness was positively correlated with empowerment (r=.58, p<.01) and nursing performance (r=.58, p<.01), empowerment was positively correlated with the nursing performance (r=.58, p<.01). The factors influencing the nursing performance were empowerment (β=.65, p<.001), total length of a clinical career (β=.19, p<.001), education level (β=.12, p<.05), and happiness (β=.12, p=.05), showing an explanatory power of 64%. Based on these results, it is necessary to provide sufficient human and physical resources to improve the nursing performance and manage the organizational level to increase the nurses' happiness and empowerment. To improve the work performance of nurses, an empowerment improvement program tailored to the clinical experience and educational level should be developed, and the working environment that can increase the nurse's happiness should be improved.