• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.113-130
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate 93 prescriptions which are all affiliated Phlegm-Fluid Substances chapter depending on Symptoms in Dongeuibogam. Methods : The following conclusions are reached through investigations on the applications of prescriptions which are all affiliated Phlegm-Fluid Substances chapter Depending on Symptoms in Dongeuibogam. Results : 1. Fluid detention disease article represents that Byukeum(癖飮), Hyuneum(懸飮) and Yueum(流飮) have the same treat criteria, in effect, there is not any problem left in case it is reached fluid detention disease is not 8 but 6. 2. Strong water-utilization herbs can be mainly used in treating Fluid detention disease, eliminating phlegm warm herbs are almost used two times more than eliminating phlegm cold herbs in eliminating phlegm disease. 3. Arisamatis Rhizoma is only used by itself in Chongmongseok-hwan, the others are used at the same time with Pinelliae Rhizoma. As a result of this, Arisamatis Rhizoma has an effects on eliminating Wind relative dusease but eliminating phlegm disease which can cause upper body phlegm disease. 4. Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus and Tricosanthis Radix are able to get rid of obstinate phlegm-Fluid disease in eliminating phlegm cold herbs. 5. Gamisachil-tang and Gamieejin-tang which are located in throat chapter are more proper prescriptions to treat phlegm at throat than Gwache-san or Jeoljehwadam-hwan which is located in Phlegm-Fluid Substances chapter in Dongeuibogam. 6. Glycyrrhizae Radix is used 46 times(49%) at total 93 prescriptions in eliminating phlegm disease herbs. It seems to be needed more study whether Glycyrrhizae Radix can control the Phlegm-Fluid disease or not. Conclusions : The 93 prescriptions for eliminating Phlegm-Fluid Substances in Dongeuibogam are mainly composed of Sobanha-tang, Eejin-tang and Baeksang-hwan, etc.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.116-129
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• 2009

This study is to enhance the provincial leisure plans through various programs and infrastructure facilities and to establish a network of natural leisure areas in Gyeonggi-do. According to the result, first, in terms of analyzing the locations of natural leisure areas by types, the rest of urban parks is formed in the Capital area outside Seoul as centering around the central area. Moreover, with regard to the rest of forest and the rest of natural ecology learning, the area of the detention exceeds the total area of Gyeonggi-do. The rest of valleys and swamps showed a dotted pattern of the detention area while the rest of tideland and fishing village experience indicated a distribution of the detention area along the West Coast as an axis. Second, according to result of analyzing the accessibility of natural leisure areas by types, the rest of valleys and swamps showed the highest accessibility among the natural leisure areas : the rest of natural ecology learning had the medium level of accessibility; the rest of forest indicated the lowest accessibility. Therefore, it is necessary to create more leisure areas concerning the futures demands. In addition, they should be constructed in the places adjacent to the urban district area exhibiting higher usability and accessibility. In the places where there are many natural leisure area with higher utility, management plans should be deliberated as well. Based on the result of analyzing the rest of valleys and swamps and the rest of tideland and fishing village experience, it was found that the natural leisure area should improve the quality of water intensively and hydrophile property and create hydrophilic spaces. The development of natural leisure areas need to be carried out under the principle of environmental protection while considering historic sites and nearby rivers and lakes. Moreover, water leisure programs should be developed actively as well with further utilization of water resources in order to enhance the usability of natural leisure.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.60 no.5
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• pp.41-54
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• 2018

A method to account a detention in a rice paddy field in hydrologic modeling was tested at plot and watershed scales. Hydrologic Simulation Program - Fortran (HSPF) and its one of surface runoff modeling method, i.e Surface-Ftable, were used to simulate a inundated condition in a rice paddy culture for a study plot and basins in Saemangeum watershed. Surface-Ftable in HSPF defines surface runoff ratio with respect to surface water depth in a pervious land segment, which can be implemented to the feature of water management in a rice paddy field. A Surface-Ftable for paddy fields in Saemangeum watershed was developed based on the study paddy field monitoring data from 2013 to 2014, and was applied to Jeonju-chun and Jeongeup-chun basins which comprise 12% and 22% of paddy fields in the basins, respectively. Four gaging stations were used to calibrate and validate the watershed models for the period of 2009 and 2013. Model performed 7.13% and 9.68% in PBIAS, and 0.94 and 0.90 in monthly NSE during model calibrations at Jeonju and Jeongeup stations, respectively, while the models were validated its applicability at Hyoja and Gongpyung stations. The comparison of results with and without considering detention effect of paddy fields confirmed the validity of the Surface-Ftable method in modeling watersheds containing rice paddy fields.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.43
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• pp.231-257
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• 2015

Today, the international community make every effort to suppress security crimes, to provide numerous institutional strategies and to prevent security crimes such as the terrorism and spy. Particularly, developed countries in the field of security are strengthening related legislation under new-security conditions. Things work a little differently about security crimes because the nation's benefit and protection of the law is the basis of individual benefit and protection of the law under investigation procedure of the security crimes. Therefore they have policy that permits major investigative agency under the arrest and detention procedure(e.g. security and communication monitoring ${\ldots}$). Criminal procedure's improvement and reinforcement are very important for events related security. But, The investigation procedure between criminal offense and security crimes makes no odds in the Korea. Continuance of such a national mood will accuse of not responding appropriately in preparation for new-security conditions recently. To revise with international best security legislation, We should institute a proper registration system in Korea's situation. This study have been discussing how to improve related legislation under new-security conditions through the cases analysis of the arrest and detention procedure in Korea.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.55-84
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• 2015

The tuberculosis is the infectious disease. Generally, the active tuberculosis patient can infect the 10 persons for one year within the daily activities like casual conversation and singing together. The infectivity of tuberculosis can continue for a life time, and infected persons can remain at risk for developing active tuberculosis. To control this contagious disease, along with the active tuberculosis patients, non-infectious but non-compliant patients who can be infectious if their immune systems become impaired have to be managed. To control the non-complaint patients, medical treatment order should be combined with the public order. Because tuberculosis is the risk of community health, the human rights like liberty and freedom of movement can be restricted for public welfare under the article 37(2) of constitution. Even when such restriction is imposed, no essential aspect of the freedom or right shall be violated. The degree of restriction on the rights of citizens is different what methods are chosen to non-complaint patients. For example, under the directly observed therapy program, the patients and medical staffs make an appointment and meet to confirm the drug intakes according to the schedule, which is the medical treatment combined with the mildest public order. If the patients break the appointments or have the history of disobedient, the involuntary detention can obtain the legitimate cause. The Tuberculosis Prevention Act has the two step programs on this involuntary detention, The admission order (Article 15) is issued when the patients are infectious. The quarantine order (Artle 15-2) is issued when the patients are infectious and non-complaint. The legal criteria for involuntary detention are discussed and published through the international conventions and covenants. For example, World Health Organization had made guidance on human rights and involuntary detention for tuberculosis control. The restrictions should be carried out in accordance with the our law and in the legitimate objective of public interest. And the restriction should be based on scientific evidence and not imposed in an unreasonable or discriminatory manner. We define and adopt these international criteria under our constitution and legal system. Least restrictive alternative principle, proportionality principle and the individual evaluation methods are explained through the reviews of United States court decisions. Habeas Corpus Act is reviewed and adopted as the procedural due process to protect the patient rights as a citizen. Along with that, what conditions and facilities which are needed to performed quarantine order are discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.403-411
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• 2016

Recently, the number of occurrences of inundation and the severity of flood damage has increased rapidly as the frequency of localized heavy rainfall and the ratio of impervious area increased in urban areas. Most local governments focus on employing structural measures (e.g., the construction of detention reservoirs/pump stations, rehabilitation of drainage and sewer pipes) to prevent urban inundation. On the other hand, the effectiveness of implementing such structural measures is being dimished because there are already many inundation prevention facilities. The limitation of structural measures can be overcoming by employing non-structure measures, such as flood alerts and the operation of drainage facilities. This study suggests the pump operation rule (i.e., suggesting pump stop level) for a new detention reservoir operating method, which triggers the operation of a pump based on the water level at the monitoring node in urban drainage system. In the new reservoir operation, a total of 48 rainfall events are generated by the Huff distribution for determining the proper pump stop level. First, the generated rainfall events are distributed as frequencies, quartiles, and durations. The averaged system resilience value was determined to range from 1.2 m to 1.5 m is based on the rainfall-runoff simulation with rainfall generated by the Huff distribution. In this range, 1.2 m was identified considering the safety factor of 1.25 by the Standard on sewer facilities in 2011.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.29-42
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• 2007

In actuality, as most of harmful businesses running at school environment hygiene purification zones are stationeries with game rooms, comic book stores, PC rooms, etc., which are highly accessible to students, they become serious problems in school environment. The present study conducted a survey of violation cases at school environment sanitation and purification zones around 21 elementary schools in Seoul. The objectives of this study are, first, to investigate harmful environment around schools regulated by the School Health Act, and second, to suggest plans to improve harmful environment around schools. According to the results of our survey, illegal acts and facilities observed at school environment sanitation and purification zones are as follows. Amusement pubs/room saloons occupied 52.5%, singing rooms 15.4%, game rooms 15.1%, billiard clubs 4.3%, gambling houses 4.3%, hotels/motels/inns 3.6%, cartoon shops 2.6%, video rooms 1.0%, LPG storages 0.7%, and infectious disease hospitals/detention hospitals/detention facilities 0.7%. As it is required to make continuous and systematic surveys and researches on the environmental hygiene around schools, we need to manage school environment efficiently through cooperation among the government, education offices and individual schools.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.132-144
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate alternatives for stable operation of WWTP(Wastewater Treatment Plant) with a higher rate of inflows and a higher concentration of pollutants during wet weather to minimize the pollution loads being discharged into receiving waters. 3Q(Q: dry weather flow) of a base flow is normally intercepted and flows into WWTP as it was current practice. It is revealed by simulation that the bypassing alternative of 1Q through secondary treatment and 2Q into the stream after primary treatment was as good as it is expected. The bypass pollution loads were in the range of 23.9 ~ 38.5 % of the total loads flowing into the WWTP indicating that the bypassed flows need an extra treatment such as stormwater detention reservoir, high-rate coagulation with sedimentation, and step-feed. The high-rate coagulation with sedimentation was the most effective with respect to removal of the pollution loads.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.221-232
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• 1993

In this study, the period for stabilization in the case of recycling leachate was compared and analyzed with the case of non-cycle type, using lysimeters filled with municipal organic refuse. The lysimeters were operated with various detention time. In addition, the degree of stabilization was estimated by the way of measuring the quantity of gas from landfills. As the results, the recycle of leachate, which was modified as the neutral level of pH, accelerated the biological decomposition of organics with the raped growth of anaerobic bacteria in the system, and reduced the period for the stabilization. In the case of BOD and COD in leachate, COD. which had been originality similar to BOD, had increased more rapidly than BOD as time lapsed. Moreover, the quantity of gas from the recycle reactor was larger than from the non-cycle reactor. The shorter the detention time of leachate gas, the larger the quantity of gas produced in the lysimeters.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.97-106
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• 1995

An improving example for traditional rapid mix system was studied in the base of mechanisms of alum coagulation. Local status of the major water treatment plants was also investigated and evaluated for upgrading these plants. A new design and operating criterium for rapid mix system was proposed to velocity gradient, G of $1,000-1,500sec^{-1}$ and detention time, t of 1 sec from the results of experiments and literature reviews. Comparing the present rapid mix system to this criterium, apparent difference existed between them. In this study, for improving Seongnam water treatment plant, a design criterium of velocity gradient, and detention time was set to $1,100sec^{-1}$, 1 sec, respectively. A new rapid mix system adopted the nozzle injection countcurrently cross the inlet pipe to the whole area. The injection velocity was 17m/s, nozzle diameter was 1.0mm, and number of nozzle was 70. The new modified system without running present four 75 HP agitators was able to improve water quality(based on sedimentation effluent) by 15-35% and to reduce electrical energy by 98%.