• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.17
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• pp.7085-7090
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• 2014

Objective: To make the clinical evaluation of a solid-state human papillomavirus (HPV) sampling medium in combination with an economical HPV testing method ($careHPV^{TM}$) for cervical cancer screening. Methods: 396 women aged 25-65 years were enrolled for cervical cancer screening, and four samples were collected. Two samples were collected by woman themselves, among which one was stored in DCM preservative solution (called "liquid sample") and the other was applied on the Whatman Indicating FTA $Elute^{(R)}$ card (FTA card). Another two samples were collected by physician and stored in DCM preservative solution and FTA card, respectively. All the samples were detected by $careHPV^{TM}$ test. All the women were administered a colposcopy examination, and biopsies were taken for pathological confirmation if necessary. Results: FTA card demonstrated a comparable sensitivity of detecting high grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) with the liquid sample carrier for self and physician-sampling, but showed a higher specificity than that of liquid sample carrier for self-sampling (FTA vs Liquid: 79.0% vs 71.6%, p=0.02). Generally, the FTA card had a comparable accuracy with that of Liquid-based medium by different sampling operators, with an area under the curve of 0.807 for physician &FTA, 0.781 for physician &Liquid, 0.728 for self & FTA, and 0.733 for self &Liquid (p>0.05). Conclusions: FTA card is a promising sample carrier for cervical cancer screening. With appropriate education programmes and further optimization of the experimental workflow, FTA card based self-collection in combination with centralized $careHPV^{TM}$ testing can help expand the coverage of cervical cancer screening in low-resource areas.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.140-144
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• 2017

Purpose: The optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measured by ultrasonography is among the indicators of intracranial pressure (ICP) elevation. However, whether ONSD measurement is useful for initial treatment remains controversial. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between ONSD measured by computed tomography (CT) and ICP in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: A total of 246 patients with severe trauma from January 1, 2015 until December 31, 2015 were included in the study. A total of 179 patients with brain damage with potential for ICP elevation were included in the TBI group. The remaining 67 patients comprised the non-TBI group. A comparison was made between the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the accuracy of ONSD when used as a screening test for the TBI group including those with TBI with midline shift (with elevated ICP). Results: The mean injury severity score (ISS) and glasgow coma scale (GCS) of all patients were $24.2{\pm}6.1$ and $5.4{\pm}0.8$, respectively. The mean ONSD of the TBI group ($5.5{\pm}1.0mm$) was higher than that of the non-TBI group ($4.7{\pm}0.6mm$). Some significant differences in age ($55.3{\pm}18.1$ vs. $49.0{\pm}14.8$, p<0.001), GCS ($11.7{\pm}4.1$ versus $13.3{\pm}3.0$, p<0.001), and ONSD ($5.5{\pm}1.0$ vs. $4.7{\pm}0.6$, p<0.001) were observed between the TBI and the non-TBI group. An ROC analysis was used to assess the correlation between TBI and ONSD. Results showed an area under the ROC curve (AUC) value of 0.752. The same analysis was used in the TBI with midline shift group, which showed an AUC of 0.912. Conclusions: An ONSD of >5.5 mm, measured on CT, is a good indicator of ICP elevation. However, since an ONSD is not sensitive enough to detect an increased ICP, it should only be used as one of the parameters in detecting ICP along with other screening tests.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.94-104
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• 2007

Iris recognition is biometric technology which uses a unique iris pattern of user in order to identify person. In the captured iris image by conventional iris recognition camera, it is often the case with eyelid occlusion, which covers iris information. The eyelids are unnecessary information that causes bad recognition performance, so this paper proposes robust algorithm in order to detect eyelid. This research has following three advantages compared to previous works. First, we remove the detected eyelash and specular reflection by linear interpolation method because they act as noise factors when locating eyelid. Second, we detect the candidate points of eyelid by using mask in limited eyelid searching area, which is determined by searching the cross position of eyelid and the outer boundary of iris. And our proposed algorithm detects eyelid by using parabolic hough transform based on the detected candidate points. Third, there have been many researches to detect eyelid, but they did not consider the rotation of eyelid in an iris image. Whereas, we consider the rotation factor in parabolic hough transform to overcome such problem. We tested our algorithm with CASIA Database. As the experimental results, the detection accuracy were 90.82% and 96.47% in case of detecting upper and lower eyelid, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.153-176
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• 1993

Structual ambiguity is one of those problem that arise in the analysis of natural language sentences.It has been considered very difficult to solve the problem.Structural ambiguity,however,should be resolved no matter how difficult it may be.Otherwise natural language processing could be virtually impossible.A statistical approach to structural disambiguation is proposed in this dissertation.The information-theoretic concept of mutual information has been empolyed in resolving structural ambiguity Mutual information can be acquired in an automatic way.from text corpora. If a structural disambiguation subsystem had the capability of self-evaluating whether the results of structural disambiguation are correct or not.it would be possible to develop a more intelligent natural language proessing system.In this paper,the concept of confidence measure is also proposed to endow the disambiguation subsystem with such intelligence.Confidence measure is a numeric value calculated after structural disambiguation. Some experiments were performed in order to show the validity of the approach.Mutual information was auto matically acquired from a corpus of 1.6milion words that were collected from scientific abstracts.The accuracy of structural disambiguation was 80%when performed over 1,639 test sentences.Notice that there was no manual tuning in advance for the experiments.The task of detecting and correcting errors in structural disambiguation will be performed very effectively if the concept of confidence measure is employed in the process.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.1587-1595
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• 2016

P wave is cardiac parameters that represent the electrical and physiological characteristics, it is very important to diagnose atrial arrhythmia. However, It is very difficult to detect because of the small size compared to R wave and the various morphology. Several methods for detecting P wave has been proposed, such as frequency analysis and non-linear approach. However, in the case of conduction abnormality such as AV block or atrial arrhythmia, detection accuracy is at the lower level. We propose P wave detection algorithm through adaptive threshold and QRS peak variability. For this purpose, we detected Q, R, S wave from noise-free ECG signal through the preprocessing method. And then we classified three pattern of P wave by peak variability and detected adaptive window and threshold. The performance of P wave detection is evaluated by using 48 record of MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. The achieved scores indicate the average detection rate of 92.60%.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.825-832
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• 2014

Previous works for detecting arrhythmia have mostly used nonlinear method such as artificial neural network, fuzzy theory, support vector machine to increase classification accuracy. Most methods require accurate detection of P-QRS-T point, higher computational cost and larger processing time. Even if some methods have the advantage in low complexity, but they generally suffer form low sensitivity. Also, it is difficult to detect PVC accurately because of the various QRS pattern by person's individual difference. Therefore it is necessary to design an efficient algorithm that classifies PVC based on QRS pattern in realtime and decreases computational cost by extracting minimal feature. In this paper, we propose PVC classification based on QRS pattern using QS interval and R wave amplitude. For this purpose, we detected R wave, RR interval, QRS pattern from noise-free ECG signal through the preprocessing method. Also, we classified PVC in realtime through QS interval and R wave amplitude. The performance of R wave detection, PVC classification is evaluated by using 9 record of MIT-BIH arrhythmia database that included over 30 PVC. The achieved scores indicate the average of 99.02% in R wave detection and the rate of 93.72% in PVC classification.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2013

Presently, there are many different technologies used for position detection. However, as signal-receiving devices operating in different locations must detect the precise position of objects located at long distances, it is essential to know the precise time at which an object's or a user's terminal device sends a signal. For this purpose, the existing time of arrival (ToA) technology is not sufficiently reliable, and the existing time difference of arrival (TDoA) technology is more suitable. If a TDoA-based electric surveillance system and other tracking devices fail to achieve precise time-synchronization between devices with separation distance operation, it is impossible to obtain correct TDoA values from the signals sent by the signal-receiving devices; this failure to obtain the correct values directly affects the location estimation error. For this reason, the technology for achieving precise time synchronization between signal-receiving devices in separation distance operation, among the technologies previously mentioned, is a core technology for detecting TDoA-based locations. In this paper, the accuracy of the proposed time synchronization and the measurement error in the TDoA-based location detection technology is evaluated. The TDoA-based location measurement error is significantly improved when using the proposed method for time-synchronization error reduction.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37C no.11
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• pp.1077-1083
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• 2012

The jamming countermeasures in GNSS includes anti-jamming technique and jammer localization technique. In both techniques, direction of jamming signal is important and generally the MUSIC algorithm is used to find the direction of jamming signal. The MUSIC is super-resolution algorithm for detecting incident direction of signal. But, the search time of MUSIC algorithm is too long because all candidates of incidence angle are searched. This paper proposes the new method that has less computational burdens and therefore faster than the conventional MUSIC algorithm. The proposed method improves performance speed by reducing unnecessary calculations. In the proposed method, the cost function of conventional MUSIC algorithm is decomposed into the sum of squares and if the partial sum of cost function is larger than the minimum cost function so far, then the candidate is rejected and next candidates are searched. If the computed cost function is less than the minimum cost function so far, the minimum cost function so far is replaced with newly computed value. The performance of the proposed method was compared with the conventional MUSIC algorithm using the simulation. The accuracy of the estimaed direction of jamming signal was same as the conventional MUSIC while the search speed of the proposed method was 1.15 times faster than the conventional MUSIC.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.18-22
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• 2012

This study was performed to evaluate the sensitivity of conventional film-screen radiography (CFSR) and direct digital radiography (DDR) for detection of various amounts of free peritoneal fluid. Ten adult male healthy beagles were used in this study. Radiographic examinations were performed in the right lateral and ventrodorsal positions. Fluid was injected in increments of 2.0 ml/kg of body weight up to 20.0 ml/kg of body weight. The images of CFSR and DDR were evaluated by two veterinary radiologists for evidence of abdominal fluid without knowledge of injected fluid volume. Data were evaluated by using the receiver operation curve (ROC) analysis and the area under the curve (AUC). There was no significant difference in detection of peritoneal fluid between DDR and CFSR in the ROC analysis. The accuracy of CFSR (0.805) was relatively higher than that of DDR (0.733), based on the ROC analysis and AUC. AUC of CFSR was higher in most injection doses. These results suggest that CFSR is more accurate than DDR for the detecting peritoneal fluid. Therefore, for situation in which digital radiographs are equivocal or small amount of fluid is suspected, other imaging modalities, such as ultrasonography would be helpful for determining the presence of fluids.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.250-258
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• 1998

Purpose: ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a potent coronary vasodilator with a rapid onset of action and a very short half-life. Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy with intravenous ATP has not yet been sufficiently proven in the diagnosis, follow-up, and risk stratification of coronary artery disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety, feasibility and diagnostic accuracy of pharmacologic stress thallium-201 myocardial SPECT using an intra-venous ATP infusion in patients with suspected coronary artery disease. Materials and Methods: Thallium-201 myocardial SPECT in 319 patients with suspected coronary artery disease were performed after the infusion of ATP (0.08 mg/kg/min for 6 min). The adverse effects were carefully monitored. Coronary angiography was also performed within 3 weeks. Results: Although 76.5% of the patients had some adverse effects, they were transient, mild, and well tolerated. In all patients, the ATP infusion protocol was completed and only 2 patients required aminophylline. The adverse effects were dyspnea in 63%, headache in 31%, flushing in 21%, chest pain in 14% and abdominal discomfort in 5% of the patients. The sensitivity and specificity were 80% and 90% respectively. Conclusion: Thallium-201 myocardial SPECT after 6 min-infusion of ATP at a rate of 0.08 mg/kg/min is safe and has a diagnostic value in detecting coronary artery disease.