• 제목/요약/키워드: detachment limited

검색결과 14건 처리시간 0.172초

대퇴골과 박리성 골연골염의 치료 (Treatment of Osteochonritis Dissecans of Femoral Condyle)

  • 이동철;권순;손욱진
    • 대한정형외과스포츠의학회지
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.49-54
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    • 2002
  • 목적 : 슬관절박리성골연골염환자에서나이, 병변의형태, 치료방법에따른임상결과를분석하고자하였다. 대상및방법 : 1991년3월부터2000년2월까지슬관절박리성골연골염으로치료받은환자중1년이상추시관찰가능한17명20예를대상으로 하였으며양측성이3명이었고, 스포츠손상(9예) 및 직접외상(3예) 병력을 가진 12예(60$\%$)에서 외상의 병력이 있었다. 증상은 동통, 탄발음, 잠김, 허약감 등의 순서였으며 동통이 전예에서 있었다. 임상평가는Hughston 평가와IKDC주관적만족도를사용하였다. 결과 : 17명의환자에서남자는1 2명, 여자5명, 평균연령은19.8세(11세$\~$50세)였다. 병변위치는대퇴골내과관절면이14예, 외과관절면이6예였고관절경을시행한 15예에서관절경소견상골연골편의조기분리6예, 부분분리4예, 완전분리5예로 나타났다. 치료는다발성천공술시행5예, Herbert 나사못고정5예, Herbert 나사못고정및골이식술을3예에서시행하였고, 보존적치료는진행초기인7예에서시행하였다. 임상평가는Hughston 평가에서우수6예(30$\%$), 양호9예(45$\%$)로75$\%$에서 양호한성적을보였으며IKDC 주관적평가상정상1예(5%$\%$, 비교적정상6예(30$\%$), 비정상10예(50$\%$)로나타났다. 결론 : 슬관절박리성골연골염에서외상이발병의중요요인이었으며, 나이가어린학동기군에서청소년기나성인에비해우수한 치료결과를보여가능한조기 진단이필요할것으로생각된다. 주관적기능 평가가Hughston 기능평가보다 낮았으며 이는청소년기때활동제한, 스포츠활동참여의제한으로인한것으로사료된다.

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월단위 토양유실가능추정치를 위한 지표피복인자의 산정 방안 연구 (A Study to Develop Monthly Cover Management Factor Database for Monthly Soil Loss Estimation)

  • 성윤수;정영훈;임경재;김종건;김기성;박승기;신민환;금동혁;박윤식
    • 한국농공학회논문집
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    • 제58권6호
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    • pp.23-30
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    • 2016
  • Soil loss is an accompanying phenomenon of hydrologic cycle in watersheds. Both rainfall drops and runoff lead to soil particle detachment, the detached soil particles are transported into streams by runoff. Here, a sediment-laden water problem can be issued if soil particles are severely detached and transported into stream in the watershed. There is a need to estimate or simulate soil erosion in watersheds so that an adequate plan to manage soil erosion can be established. Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), therefore, was developed and modified by many researchers for their watersheds, moreover the simple model, USLE, has been employed in many hydrologic models for soil erosion simulations. While the USLE has been applied even in South-Korea, the model is often regarded as being limited in applications for the watersheds in South-Korea since monthly conditions against soil erosion on soil surface are not capable to represent. Thus, the monthly USLE factors against soil erosion, soil erodibility and crop management factors, were established for four major watersheds, which are Daecheong-dam, Soyang-dam, Juam-dam, and Imha-dam watersheds. The monthly factors were established by recent fifteen years from 2000 to 2015. Five crops were selected for the monthly crop management factor establishments. Soil loss estimations with the modified factors were compared to conventional approach that is average annual estimations. The differences ranged from 9.3 % (Juam-dam watershed) to 28.1 % (Daecheong-dam watershed), since the conventional approaches were not capable of seasonally and regionally different conditions.

소화전과 이토변을 이용한 플러싱 적용 시 관 내 세척유량과 유속 모의 방안에 관한 연구 (A study on the simulation method for the flushing flowrate and velocity in the watermain using a hydrant and a drain valve)

  • 김아린;이은환;이송이;김광현;전환돈
    • 한국수자원학회논문집
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    • 제55권spc1호
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    • pp.1251-1260
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    • 2022
  • 최근 상수관망은 노후화 및 관 내 스케일의 박리로 인해 적수 사고등 수질사고가 지속적으로 발생하고 있다. 관내 퇴적되어있는 스케일은 평상시엔 안정화되어 문제를 야기하지 않지만, 상수관망 시스템의 급격한 유속 및 유향 변화 등에 의해 발생하는 수충격에 의해 박리된 후 수용가로 유입되며 수질사고를 야기한다. 이를 사전에 방지하기 위해서는 주기적인 관세척으로 스케일을 제거할 필요가 있다. 관세척공법 중 가장 보편적으로 사용되는 방법은 플러싱으로 현재 국내·외에서 관세척을 위한 유속 및 세척기준 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 하지만, 플러싱 공법 적용 시 적정유속 기준에 관한 연구가 주로 진행되어, 세척시 관내 적정유속 확보여부를 사전에 검토하기 위한 구체적인 방안에 관한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 관 세척시 용수는 소화전 또는 이토변을 통과하면서 주손실과 미소손실이 발생하며, 이는 관 내 유속에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 세척효과 분석에 직접적인 영향을 준다. 이에 본 연구는 Minorloss Coefficient와 Emitter Coefficient를 적용한 모의를 통해 플러싱 적용 시 관 내 유속을 분석하는 수리해석 방법을 제안하였다. 제안한 방법을 예시관망과 A시 일부구역에 적용하여 적절성을 검토하고, 소화전과 이토변의 세척효과를 비교하였다. 적용 결과 소화전을 통과하는 수리학적 조건을 고려하지 않은 경우, 실제 발생하는 손실을 고려하지 못해 소화전에서 방출 가능한 유량 대비 큰 유량과 유속이 산출되는 결과를 보였고, 이토변의 경우는 긴 세척구간에도 세척유속과 유량의 확보가 용이하여 소화전에 비해 시간적. 효율적으로 큰 세척효과가 있을 것으로 판단하였다. 하지만, 실제 상수관망의 적용 시 이토변은 소화전에 비해 설치 개수가 적어 적용이 제한적이다. 이와같은 특성을 이해하여 실무자의 판단과 대상지역의 특징에 따라서 적절한 세척계획을 수립하는 것이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

"증언자료의 비판적 활용 - 6.25전쟁 시기 유격대의 경우" ("Critical Application of Witness Commentaries: The Case of Guerrilla Warfare in the Korean War")

  • 조성훈
    • 기록학연구
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    • 제12호
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    • pp.137-178
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    • 2005
  • The anticommunist guerrillas' activities that aretheconcern of this article took place largely in North Korea or behind the enemy-held lines. Verifying their history is accordingly difficult and requires careful attention, but despite their active operations the military as well as the scholarly community have been lax in studying them. The Korean War came to be perceived as a traditional, limited war with regular battles, so that the studies addressed mostly the regular operations, and guerrilla warfare is remembered as an almost 'exclusive property' of the communist invaders; a small wonder that the anticommunist guerrillas have not been studied much and the collection of materials neglected. Therefore, in contrast with the witness accounts concerning regular battles, witness resources were of a small volume about these "patriots without the service numbers." For the above reasons the guerrilla participants and their later-organized fellowships took to the task of leaving records and compiling the histories of their units. They became active preservers of history in order to inform later generations of their works and also to secure deserved benefits from the government, in a world where none recognized their achievements. For instance, 4th Donkey Unit published witness accounts in addition to a unit history, and left video-recordings of guerrilla witnesses before any institute systematized the oral history of the guerrillas. In the case of Kyulsa ("Resolved to Die") Guerrilla Unit, the unit history was 10 times revised and expanded upon for publication, contributing substantially to the recovery of anticommunist guerrilla history which had almost totally lacked documented resources. Now because the guerrilla-related witness accounts were produced through fellowship societies and not individually, it often took the form of 'collective memory.' As a result, though thousands of former guerrillas remain surviving, the scarcity of numerous versions of, or perspectives upon, an event renders difficult an objective approach to the historical truth. Even requests to verify the service of a guerrilla member or to apply for decoration or government benefits for those killed in action, the process is taken care of not at the hands of the first party but the veteran society, so that a variety of opinions are not available for consideration. Moreover, some accounts were taken by American military personnel, and since some historians, unaware of official documents or evaluation of achievements, tended to center the records around their own units and especially to exaggerate the units' performances, they often featured factual errors. Thefollowing is the means to utilize positively the aforementioned type of witness accounts in military history research. It involves the active use of military historical detachments (MHD). As in the examples of those dispatched by the American forces during the Korean War, experts should be dispatched during, and not just after, wartimes. By considering and investigating the differences among various perspectives on the same historical event, even without extra documented resources it is possibleto arrive at theerrors or questionable points of the oral accounts, supplementing the additional accounts. Therefore any time lapses between witness accounts must be kept in consideration. Moreover when the oral accounts come from a group such as participants in the same guerrilla unit or operation, a standardized list of items ought to be put to use. Education in oral history is necessary not just for the training of experts. In America wherethefield sees much activity, it is used not only in college or graduate programs but also in elementary and lifetime educational processes. In comparison in our nation, and especially in historical disciplines, methodological insistence upon documented evidences prevails in the main, and in the fields of nationalist movement or modern history, oral accounts do not receive adequate attention. Like ancient documents and monuments, oral history also needs to be made a regular part of diverse resource materials at our academic institutes for history. Courses in memory and history, such as those in American colleges, are available possibilities.