• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 광 회절 단층 촬영 (Optical Diffraction Tomography, ODT) 기법을 사용해 얻어진 세포 영상을 3차원 가상 공간에 시각적으로 표현하고 기존의 세포 영상들과의 일치감을 주는 색상 매핑 기술을 포함한 가시화 프레임 워크를 소개한다. 전체 볼륨을 구성하는 내부 구조에 대한 정보가 잘 알려져 있거나 명확하게 구분 가능한 인체의 장기 또는 산업 기기와 같은 기존의 볼륨 데이터와는 달리 세포 영상 데이터는 세포소기관들 간의 경계가 모호하거나 상황에 따라 형상의 변화가 다양하다는 특징을 가지고 있어, 세포의 형상에 대한 일관적인 시각 표현이 상대적으로 어렵다는 문제가 있다. 본 논문에서는 이를 해소하기 위해 세포의 3차원 형상을 실시간으로 렌더링 할 수 있는 가시화 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 기법에서는 우선 세포의 3차원 형상을 나타내기 위해 볼륨 데이터의 가시화에서 널리 활용되고 있는 볼륨 렌더링 기법을 ODT 영상에 맞게 적용했으며, 빈 공간 교란 기법을 통한 렌더링 결과의 개선으로 세포내 구조의 연속성을 나타낼 수 있게 했다. 또한 다중 전이 함수에 대해 레이어 기반 독립 렌더링을 적용하는 것을 통해 다수의 세포내 구조를 하나의 화면에 표현하는 복합 가시화 기법을 제안했다. ODT 영상 및 염색 영상을 동시에 촬영 가능한 현미경으로부터 얻어진 세포 영상을 가시화 하는 것을 통해 제시된 가시화 기법의 유용성을 확인했다.

• 한국정보기술학회 영문논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.115-125
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• 2019

In this paper, the image is received from the camera and the lane is sensed. There are various ways to detect lanes. Generally, the method of detecting edges uses a lot of the Sobel edge detection and the Canny edge detection. The minimum use of multiplication and division is used when designing for the hardware configuration. The images are tested using a black box image mounted on the vehicle. Because the top of the image of the used the black box is mostly background, the calculation process is excluded. Also, to speed up, YCbCr is calculated from the image and only the data for the desired color, white and yellow lane, is obtained to detect the lane. The median filter is used to remove noise from images. Intermediate filters excel at noise rejection, but they generally take a long time to compare all values. In this paper, by using addition, the time can be shortened by obtaining and using the result value of the median filter. In case of the Sobel edge detection, the speed is faster and noise sensitive compared to the Canny edge detection. These shortcomings are constructed using complementary algorithms. It also organizes and processes data into parallel processing pipelines. To reduce the size of memory, the system does not use memory to store all data at each step, but stores it using four line buffers. Three line buffers perform mask operations, and one line buffer stores new data at the same time as the operation. Through this work, memory can use six times faster the processing speed and about 33% greater quantity than other methods presented in this paper. The target operating frequency is designed so that the system operates at 50MHz. It is possible to use 2157fps for the images of 640by360 size based on the target operating frequency, 540fps for the HD images and 240fps for the Full HD images, which can be used for most images with 30fps as well as 60fps for the images with 60fps. The maximum operating frequency can be used for larger amounts of the frame processing.

• 한국광학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광학회 2003년도 하계학술발표회
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• pp.60-61
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• 2003

A new approach to reduce the computation time of genetic algorithm (GA) for making binary phase holograms is described. Synthesized holograms having diffraction efficiency of 75.8% and uniformity of 5.8% are proven in computer simulation and experimentally demonstrated. Recently, computer-generated holograms (CGHs) having high diffraction efficiency and flexibility of design have been widely developed in many applications such as optical information processing, optical computing, optical interconnection, etc. Among proposed optimization methods, GA has become popular due to its capability of reaching nearly global. However, there exits a drawback to consider when we use the genetic algorithm. It is the large amount of computation time to construct desired holograms. One of the major reasons that the GA' s operation may be time intensive results from the expense of computing the cost function that must Fourier transform the parameters encoded on the hologram into the fitness value. In trying to remedy this drawback, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has been put forward, allowing CGHs to be created easily and quickly (1), but the quality of reconstructed images is not high enough to use in applications of high preciseness. For that, we are in attempt to find a new approach of combiningthe good properties and performance of both the GA and ANN to make CGHs of high diffraction efficiency in a short time. The optimization of CGH using the genetic algorithm is merely a process of iteration, including selection, crossover, and mutation operators [2]. It is worth noting that the evaluation of the cost function with the aim of selecting better holograms plays an important role in the implementation of the GA. However, this evaluation process wastes much time for Fourier transforming the encoded parameters on the hologram into the value to be solved. Depending on the speed of computer, this process can even last up to ten minutes. It will be more effective if instead of merely generating random holograms in the initial process, a set of approximately desired holograms is employed. By doing so, the initial population will contain less trial holograms equivalent to the reduction of the computation time of GA's. Accordingly, a hybrid algorithm that utilizes a trained neural network to initiate the GA's procedure is proposed. Consequently, the initial population contains less random holograms and is compensated by approximately desired holograms. Figure 1 is the flowchart of the hybrid algorithm in comparison with the classical GA. The procedure of synthesizing a hologram on computer is divided into two steps. First the simulation of holograms based on ANN method [1] to acquire approximately desired holograms is carried. With a teaching data set of 9 characters obtained from the classical GA, the number of layer is 3, the number of hidden node is 100, learning rate is 0.3, and momentum is 0.5, the artificial neural network trained enables us to attain the approximately desired holograms, which are fairly good agreement with what we suggested in the theory. The second step, effect of several parameters on the operation of the hybrid algorithm is investigated. In principle, the operation of the hybrid algorithm and GA are the same except the modification of the initial step. Hence, the verified results in Ref [2] of the parameters such as the probability of crossover and mutation, the tournament size, and the crossover block size are remained unchanged, beside of the reduced population size. The reconstructed image of 76.4% diffraction efficiency and 5.4% uniformity is achieved when the population size is 30, the iteration number is 2000, the probability of crossover is 0.75, and the probability of mutation is 0.001. A comparison between the hybrid algorithm and GA in term of diffraction efficiency and computation time is also evaluated as shown in Fig. 2. With a 66.7% reduction in computation time and a 2% increase in diffraction efficiency compared to the GA method, the hybrid algorithm demonstrates its efficient performance. In the optical experiment, the phase holograms were displayed on a programmable phase modulator (model XGA). Figures 3 are pictures of diffracted patterns of the letter "0" from the holograms generated using the hybrid algorithm. Diffraction efficiency of 75.8% and uniformity of 5.8% are measured. We see that the simulation and experiment results are fairly good agreement with each other. In this paper, Genetic Algorithm and Neural Network have been successfully combined in designing CGHs. This method gives a significant reduction in computation time compared to the GA method while still allowing holograms of high diffraction efficiency and uniformity to be achieved. This work was supported by No.mOl-2001-000-00324-0 (2002)) from the Korea Science & Engineering Foundation.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.435-442
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• 2000

대구효성가톨릭대학교 여대생 412명과 일본의 후쿠오카 지역 여대생 423명을 대상으로 설문지 및 신체계측을 통하여 조사한 청년기 여대생의 자기체형인식과 수척하기 원하는 조절 지향 및 사회적 체형 불안도를 알아본 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 조사대상자의 평균연령은 대구지역은 $19.2{\pm}2.1$세이며 신장은 $159.6{\pm}4.9cm$, 평균체중은 $51.2{\pm}6.0kg$로 BMI 수치는 $20.1{\pm}2.2$이었다. 이 수치는 한국인 20대 여자 평균 체중인 53 Kg 보다는 조금 낮았으며 키는 160cm로 근접한 수치를 보여주고 있다. 일본의 후쿠오카 지역 대상자는 $18.3{\pm}0.6$세이며 신장은 $157{\pm}5.0cm$, 평균체중은 $53.3{\pm}6.9kg$로 BMI 수치는 $21.5{\pm}2.5$이었다. 2. 대구지역 여대생의 이상적으로 생각하는 신상, 체중 및 BMI와 현실치와의 차는 희망신장은 $164.7{\pm}2.9cm$로 실제 그들의 평균 신장보다 $5.1{\pm}4.1cm$의 차이를 보였고 이상적체중은 $48.7{\pm}2.9kg$로 실제체중보다 $-2.6{\pm}5.0kg$로 적게 나타났다. 또한 이상적인 BMI수치를 보면 $18.0{\pm}1.0$로 실제 BMI수치보다 $-2.2{\pm}2.0$ 더 낮은 BMI수치를 선호함을 보여주었다. 후쿠오카 지역 대상자의 이상적으로 생각하는 신장, 체중 및 BMI와 현실치와의 차는 이상신장은 $160.7{\pm}3.5cm$로 실제 그들이 평균 신장보다 $3.2{\pm}4.2cm$의 차이를 보였고 이상적 체중은 $47.9{\pm}3.4kg$로 실제체중보다 $-5.4{\pm}5.8kg$로 적게 나타났다. 또한 이상적인 BMI수치를 보면 $18.5{\pm}1.2$로 실제 BMI수치보다 $-3.0{\pm}2.2$ 더 낮은 BMI수치 선호함을 보여주었다. 대구 및 후쿠오카 양 지역 대상자는 이상체형에서는 마른 쪽으로의 선호 경향이 높았다. 3. 체중조절지향도에서는 대구지역 대상자 중 좀더 마르기를 희망하는 학생의 수는 285명으로 전체의 70.1%를 나타냈으며, 좀 더 살찌기를 희망하는 학생의 수는 30명으로 전체의 7.3%, 현 상태에 만족하면서 그대로의 유지를 원하는 학생의 수는 93으로 22.6%이었다. 일본의 후쿠오카 지역의 대상차들 중 좀더 마르기를 희망하는 학생의 수는 361명으로 전체의 85.6%를 나타냈으며, 좀 더 살찌기를 희망하는 학생의 수는 93명으로 전체의 2.6%, 현 상태에 만족하면서 그대로의 유지를 원하는 학생의 수는 51명으로 전체의 12.1%였다. 4. 실제체형과 자기평가체형과의 비교 평가율에서는 과대 평가율이 대구지역은 56.5% 후쿠오카지역은 57.2%로 나타났으며 정당평가율은, 39.1%. 40.3% 과소평가율은 4.4%, 2.3%이 었다. 5. 대구지역 대상자의 체형평가에 따른 사회적 체형 불안도는 전체 대상자의 평균치는 28점이었으며 여윔에서는 너무 살찜으로 갈수록 사회적 체형 불안도가 상승하는 경향을 나타내었다. 후쿠오카 지역 대상자의 체형평가에 따른 사회적 체형 불안도는 전체 대상자의 평균치는 34점이었으며 여윔에서는 너무 살찜으로 갈수록 사회적 체형불안도가 상승하는 경향을 나타내었다. 후쿠오카 지역의 체형 불안 도가 대구지역보다 유의적으로 높았다. 한 일 여대생의 자기 체형인식 및 체형 불안도에 관한 비교연구에서 한국여대생이 일본여대생보다 평균 신장은 크고 평균체중은 적으며 이상적으로 생각하는 신장은 한국이 일본보다 더 크고 체중은 비슷하였다. 체중조절지향도는 한국여대생보다 일본여대생이 마르기를 희망하는 율이 더 높고 체형의 과대평가율은 한국여대생과 일본여대생이 비슷하였으며 사회적 체형불안도는 일본여대생이 대구여대생보다 높았다.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.141-154
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to look for a development plan for strategic brand logo by a means of scrutinizing general characteristics and trend in the visual properties of outdoor logo brands. In this study, data research and analysis were conducted over the 68 outdoor brands in circulation in the domestic market based on the information on the website of each brand in order to examine the visual characteristics of an outdoor brand logo. For this, it was performed to examine the desired brand concept of each brand and to analyze the visual characteristics of typeface, color, and type of logo. The results of this research are the followings: First, it was found that the most popular typeface in outdoor brand logos is a capitalized Gothic type. It seems that the logo type is designed to symbolize power, toughness, and masculinity and to express the concept of sportswear brand. Second, when it comes to color, black color tone appeared most frequently, and also reddish colors among chromatic colors were prevailing over others like green, blue, or yellow. It is believed that reddish colors were used to express passion, power, youthfulness, and energy; black color tone for tough, masculine power. Third, the logo symbol of outdoor brands mostly contains mountain, the heads of powerful animals, spherical shape/abstract image that embodies outdoor sports activities. It was analyzed that these resulting symbols were chosen to convey the images of nature, conquest, challenge, future, and passion that are the brand concept of most outdoor brands. Today, in our country, the logo of an outdoor brand is the important factor that symbolizes the brand concept, function, or characteristics. Therefore, the necessity of constant follow-up researches is required to devise the way of designing the brand logo that can build brand power and enhance brand image.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2005

이동로봇과 작업로봇의 직결연결 형태인 이동매니퓰레이터는 원자로 내부와 같은 위험한 작업환경에서 다양한 일한 처리하기위해 유용한 시스템이라 할 수 있다. 하부의 이동로봇은 non-holonomic 시스템이고 상부의 작업로봇의 결합으로 인하여 기구학적 잉여자유도를 갖고 있다. 그러나 주행 중 작업공간 확보로 인하여 고정식 매니퓰레이터보다 더 효율적인 작업이 가능 하다고 할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 영상정보에 의한 물체인식 및 최적주행을 수행하기 위하여 이동로봇에 장착된 능동카메라에 인식된 영상과 실제 물체간의 기하학적 관계를 이용하여 직교좌표상의 물체의 위치를 추정할 수 있도록 하였다. 두 번째로 시스템의 위치변위 및 영상정보를 이용하여 물체위치를 추정하고 동차행렬을 이용하여 이동매니퓰레이터의 현 위치와 물체간의 최적경로를 결정하는 방법을 제시하였다. 제시한 방법을 시뮬레이션과 이동매니퓰레이터를 이용한 실험데이터분석을 통하여 유효성을 제시하였다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.345-354
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• 2005

이동매니퓰레이터는 -이동로봇과 작업로봇이 직렬로 결합된 형태 - 작업 공간 밖에 존재하는 작업에 대하여 높은 성능으로 작업을 수행할 수 있으므로 고정 베이스 구조의 매니이퓰레이터에 비하여 다양한 작업 환경에서 유용하다. 임의의 위치에 있는 물체를 인식하기 위하여 이동매니퓰레이터에 부착된 2자유도의 능동카메라에 의해 입력되는 영상과 능동카메라의 기구학적 관계에 기초를 두는 직각좌표계를 이용하여 물체의 위치와 이동로봇의 위치를 구하는 방법을 제시한다. 동차행렬을 이용하여 이미지정보와 물체의 위치를 해석하므로 이동매니퓰레이터의 최적경로를 생성한다. 최종적으로, 물체의 인식을 통하여 작업로봇을 제어할 수 있는 조인트변수의 값을 계산한다. 제안된 방법은 제작된 이동매니퓰레이터로 시뮬레이션과 실험을 통하여 확인되어지고 논의된다.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.102-110
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• 2015

The main source of noise in computed tomography (CT) images is a quantum noise, which results from statistical fluctuations of X-ray quanta reaching the detector. This paper proposes a neural network (NN) based hybrid filter for removing quantum noise. The proposed filter consists of bilateral filters (BFs), a single or multiple neural edge enhancer(s) (NEE), and a neural filter (NF) to combine them. The BFs take into account the difference in value from the neighbors, to preserve edges while smoothing. The NEE is used to clearly enhance the desired edges from noisy images. The NF acts like a fusion operator, and attempts to construct an enhanced output image. Several measurements are used to evaluate the image quality, like the root mean square error (RMSE), the improvement in signal to noise ratio (ISNR), the standard deviation ratio (MSR), and the contrast to noise ratio (CNR). Also, the modulation transfer function (MTF) is used as a means of determining how well the edge structure is preserved. In terms of all those measurements and means, the proposed filter shows better performance than the guided filter, and the nonlocal means (NLM) filter. In addition, there is no severe restriction to select the number of inputs for the fusion operator differently from the neuro-fuzzy system. Therefore, without concerning too much about the filter selection for fusion, one could apply the proposed hybrid filter to various images with different modalities, once the corresponding noise characteristics are explored.

• 한국패션뷰티학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.61-71
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• 2005

Everything of the world we live in has its own unique color. Those colors move us, enrich our every day life, and make us happy. When we have our hairs dyed by a color we like, we may look different, feeling confident and activated. We select a color fur our hair color design depending on such symbolic aspects as our life styles, self-images or personalities. Namely, we tend to choose a color the image of which we like. Such a tendency implies that it should be important to study hair colors in multi-faceted ways. The purpose of this study was to survey people's preferences of hair color tone images depending on their demographic and physical variables and thereby, determine the correlations between their preferences and variables. For this purpose, hair colors tones were classified into 11 categories and thereby, subjects' preferences of hair tones were analyzed in terms of the image adjective combinations. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; As a result of analyzing subjects' preferences of hair color tones depending on their such demographic variables as gender, age group and marital status, it was found that males tended to prefer dark tones more than females, and that those in their 30's or older tended to select dark tones more than those in their 20's. On the other hand, the married preferred medium bright tones more than the singles. Furthermore, such physical variables as body size, weight and apparel size were found correlated with hair color tone preferences. To be specific, shorter people desired more to have their hair colors match with their natural ones not to be less exposed to others. Lastly, as a result of analyzing the correlation between hair color tone preferences and weight and apparel size, it was found that fat people tended more to prefer medium bright color tones than normal or slim people.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.259-266
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• 2012

In these days, researches about underwater robots have been actively in progress for the purposes of ocean detection and resource exploration. Unlike general underwater robots such as ROV(Remotely Operated Vehicle) and AUV(Autonomous Underwater Vehicle) which have propellers, an articulated underwater robot which is called Crabster has been being developed in KORDI(Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute) with many cooperation organizations since 2010. The robot is expected to be able to walk and swim under the sea with its legs. Among many researching fields of this project, we are focusing on a swimming section. In order to find effective swimming locomotion for the robot, we approached this subject in terms of Biomimetics. As a model of optimized swimming organism in nature, diving beetles were chosen. In the paper, swimming motions of diving beetles were analyzed in viewpoint of robotics for applying them into the swimming motion of the robot. After modeling the kinematics of diving beetle through robotics engineering technique, we obtained swimming patterns of the one of living diving beetles, and then compared them with calculated optimal swimming patterns of a robot leg. As the first trial to compare the locomotion data of legs of the diving beetle with a robot leg, we have sorted two representative swimming patterns such as forwarding and turning. Experimental environment has been set up to get the motion data of diving beetles. The experimental equipment consists of a transparent aquarium and a high speed camera. Various swimming motions of diving beetles were recorded with the camera. After classifying swimming patterns of the diving beetle, we can get angular data of each joint on hind legs by image processing software, Image J. The data were applied to an optimized algorithm for swimming of a robot leg which was designed by robotics engineering technique. Through this procedure, simulated results which show trajectories of a robot leg were compared with trajectories of a leg of a diving beetle in desired directions. As a result, we confirmed considerable similarity in the result of trajectory and joint angles comparison.