• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.147-152
• /
• 2007

Numerous non-destructive tests(NDT) to assess the safety of real structures have been developed. System identification(SI) techniques using dynamic responses and behaviors of structural systems become an outstanding issue of researchers. However the conventional SI techniques are identified to be non-practical to the complex and tall buildings, due to limitation of the availability of an accurate data that is magnitude or location of external loads. In most SI approaches, the information on input loading and output responses must be known. In many cases, measuring the input information may take most of the resources, and it is very difficult to accurately measure the input information during actual vibrations of practical importance, e.g., earthquakes, winds, micro seismic tremors, and mechanical vibration. However, the desirability and application potential of SI to real structures could be highly improved if an algorithm is available that can estimate structural parameters based on the response data alone without the input information. Thus a technique to estimate structural properties of building without input measurement data and using limited response is essential in structural health monitoring. In this study, shaking table tests on three-story plane frame steel structures were performed. Out-put only model analysis on the measured data was performed, and the dynamic properties were inverse analyzed using least square method in time domain. In results damage detection was performed in each member level, which was performed at story level in conventional SI techniques of frequency domain.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.116-120
• /
• 2009

Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize alcohol fermentation of concentrated grape juice. Sugar concentration ($X_1$), agitation rate ($X_2$) and fermentation time ($X_3$) were chosen as the independent variables of the central composite design (CCD). Dependent variables were alcohol content ($Y_1$) and total acidity ($Y_2$). To optimize two dependent variables, desirability function was defined as $Y_1$=10.0% and $Y_2$=minimum. The optimum conditions for alcohol fermentation were $19.98^{\circ}Bx$ (sugar concentration), 104.1 rpm (agitation rate) and 89.67 hr (fermentation time). The predicted responses were 10.0% in alcohol content and 0.86% in total acidity. The coefficients of determination ($R^2$) were 0.948 and 0.958, which indicate that the model fit was highly significant (p<0.001). The experimental values were 10.1% for alcohol content and 0.88% for total acidity. These values were similar to the predicted values from RSM.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.19-27
• /
• 1993

Recent work in the mechanics of fracture points out the desirability of a knowledge of the elastic energy release rate, the crack extension force, and the character of the stress field surrounding a crack tip in analyzing the strength of cracked bodies. The objective of this work is to provide a discussion of the energy rates, stress fields and the like of various cases for anisotropic elastic bodies which might be of interest. Reinforced concrete, wood, laminates, and some special types of elastic bodies with controlled grain orientation are often orthotropic. In this paper, determination of the stress intensity factors(SIFs) of orthotropic plane elastic body using crack tip singular element and fine mesh in near the crack tip is performed. A numerical method in this paper was used by displacement correlation method. A numerical example problem of an orthotropic cantilevered single edge cracked elastic body subjected to shear loading was analyzed, and the results of this paper are in good agreement with those of the others.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.185-196
• /
• 1996

The purpose of this paper is to modify the ASME Code Z-Factor, which is used in the evaluation of circumferential surface crack in nuclear ferritic pipings. The ASME Code Z-Factor is a load multiplier to compensate plastic load with elasto-plastic load. The current ASME Code Z-Factor underestimates pipe maximum load. In this study, the original SC. TNP method is modified first because the original SC. TNP method has a problem that the maximum allowable load predicted from the original SC. TNP method is slightly higher than that measured from the experiment. Then the new Z-Factor is developed using the modified SC. TNP method. The desirability of both the modified SC. TNP method and the new Z-Factor is examined using the experimental results for the circumferential surface crack in pipings. The results show that (1) the modified SC. TNP method is good for predicting the circumferential surface crack behavior in pipings, and (2) the Z-Factor obtained from the modified SC. TNP method well predicts the behavior of circumferential surface crack in ferritic pipings.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.454-462
• /
• 2014

This study aimed at the optimization and development of rice snack by response surface methodology (RSM). The effect of rice soaking time and additional ratio of soybean milk on physicochemical properties and sensory evaluation of dried rice flour for non-fried snack was studied. After soaking for 0 to 12 days, Baekjinju rice was milled and then air-dried. A quadratic model was selected for weight, volume, hardness, taste and appearance. Two-factor interaction model was selected for expansibility, color and overall preference. A linear model was selected for yellowness and flavor. Weight, hardness and appearance were increased and decreased thereafter as rice soaking time increased, but the volume was reversed. Expansibility, color, taste and flavor were decreased as rice soaking time increased, but yellowness was reversed. Weight and overall preference decreased as additional ratio of soybean milk increased, but volume, expansibility and yellowness were reversed. Hardness, taste and appearance were increased after initial decrease as additional ratio of soybean milk increased, color and flavor were not changed by additional ratio of soybean milk. The optimum conditions of each factor were set to where the rice soaking time and additional ratio of soybean milk were at their minimum. Weight, volume, expansibility, yellowness, hardness, color, taste, flavor, appearance and overall preference were established at maximum level where the objective of the optimum was in level. Our data indicated the statistically predicted values of the highest desirability was 1.24 day of rice soaking time and 15.80% of additional ratio of soybean milk.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.16 no.10
• /
• pp.6647-6654
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study was to analysis a Korean version of Satisfaction with Simulation Experience(SSE) Scale by paramedic students. Total number of 111 students majoring in the EMT-paramedic education area have taken part in the survey after completing the professional cardiac resuscitation simulative training, using the standardized simulation satisfaction evaluation method (SSE scale). Through the scale, one's preference, necessity, ACLS theory grade, and satisfaction rate per year regarding the training were measured. To analyze one's preference, necessity, ACLS theory grade, and satisfaction rate per year in regards to the training, one-way ANOVA was used. The result reveals that the overall satisfaction rate was generally quite high. When one's preference and necessity rate is high, the satisfaction rate also seems to increase. The result indicates that the simulation training will enhance the students' clinical skill, patient evaluation, and treatment capability as well as one's field adaptation skill at the time of an emergency occurrence. Eventually, training through the ACLS simulation will be used in the future for the benefit of encouraging students from emergency rescue to adapt to the site of an emergency. Therefore, such an education method should be maintained and further developed.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.704-715
• /
• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to optimize the conditions of manufacturing the wet noodle added with Aloe powder. Methods: The I-optimal design of response surface methodology (RSM) was used for the optimization of added amount of Aloe powder, water content, and kneading time as the independent variables. The quality characteristics (color, texture, water absorption ratio, volume, turbidity) and sensory characteristics (color, flavor, taste, mouth feel, overall acceptance) were analyzed as dependent variables. Results: The lightness, redness, and yellowness of the Aloe noodle were all lowered with the addition of Aloe powder. All texture characteristics such as hardness, elasticity and chewiness of Aloe noodle showed the tendency to increase with increasing amount of Aloe added and kneading time. The water uptake and the volume expansion tended to increase with increasing aloe addition and water addition. As the kneading time increased, the dissolution of solids decreased and the turbidity tended to decrease. Aloe powder content influenced the color, flavor and taste of the noodles most among independent variables, and the mouthfeel of the noodle influenced by the water addition and the kneading time. Conclusion: Aloe noodle showed the best desirability with 3.03% of Aloe powder, 43.56% of water content and 13.06 min of kneading time by RSM analysis. Aloe noodles prepared under these optimized conditions are expected to be able to manufacture and utilize functional Aloe noodles by meeting the content of isobarbaloin, which helps the intestinal functional activity.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.225-231
• /
• 1997

Optimization theory was applied to a native and two imported soybeans. Failure stress and stress relaxation curve was measured with rheometer, and color was measured by colorimeter. The effects of each soybean upon the tofu texture were expressed through a non-linear canonical regression model and trace plot. Compared to the other imported soybeans, native soybean produced a higher strength in tofu texture, and showed the positive increase in viscoelastic properties such as instantaneous stress, equilibrium stress and relaxation time, whereas it had no effect on whiteness from reference blend, represented that native soy-bean showed the individual strength upon the selected rheological texture properties. Higher soaking ability in native soybean was selected as a new response for the optimization mixture process, and it contributed positively to the rheological properties of tofu. New soaking process control system during processing and desirability for the mathematical model should be applied for a better mixture design in varieties of soybeans.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
• /
• 2005.06a
• /
• pp.56-66
• /
• 2005

In response to the increasing emphasis being placed on the importance of international cooperation as part of global efforts to cope with growing non proliferation, and security, concerns in the nuclear field, the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Mohamed ElBaradei, appointed an international group of experts to consider possible multilateral approaches to the nuclear fuel cycle. The mandate of the Expert Group was three fold: ${\bullet}$ To identify and provide an analysis of issues and options relevant to multilateral approaches to the front and back ends of the nuclear fuel cycle; ${\bullet}$ To provide an overview of the policy, legal, security, economic, institutional and technological incentives and disincentives for cooperation in multilateral arrangements for the front and back ends of the nuclear fuel cycle; and ${\bullet}$ To provide a brief review of the historical and current experiences and analyses relating to multilateral fuel cycle arrangements relevant to the work of the Expert Group. The overall purpose was to assess MNAs in the framework of a double objective: strengthening the international nuclear non proliferation regime and making the peaceful uses of nuclear energy more economical and attractive. The Group identifies options for MNAs - options in terms of policy, institutional and legal factors - for those parts of the nuclear fuel cycle of greatest sensitivity from the point of view of proliferation risk. It also reflects the Groups deliberations on the corresponding benefits and disadvantages (pros and cons) of the various options and approaches. Although the Expert Group was able to agree to forward the resulting report to the Director General, it is important to note that the report does not reflect agreement by all of the experts on any of the options, nor a consensus assessment of their respective value. It is intended only to present options for MNAs, and to reflect on the range of considerations which could impact on the desirability and feasibility of those options.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.575-584
• /
• 2017

Previous research has investigated the influence of explicit self-esteem and depression. These studies did not examine the implicit self-esteem and depression that exist in the internal unconscious of humans that are not influenced by prejudice and social desirability. This study identifies that fashion competency (FC) encourages the implicit self-esteem and relieves the implicit depression. Implicit self-esteem and depression were measured by Implicit Association Test (IAT) utilizing reaction; FC was surveyed based on questionnaires. The data collected were analyzed using factor analysis. FC was then composed of three factors of fashion involvement, fashion innovativeness and self-confidence in fashion coordination. The results of comparing the index values that indicate IA SE (implicit association self-esteem) and IA DE (implicit association depression) of each FC group indicated that a higher FC results in a higher IA SE and lower IA DE; therefore, individuals with a higher fashion competence have a higher implicit self-esteem and a sense of well-being. The findings support previous studies in that the FC tends to be positively related to quality of life in young people.