• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.184-193
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• 2024

Harbor and Fishery Design Criteria defines that ship routing should be designed to ensure safe ship navigation and easy maneuvering. The design of the channel width is one of the critical conditions in routeing of ships. For the criteria of the channel width, qualitative evaluation criteria are used in South Korea, whereas quantitative evaluation criteria are used in other countries. Environmental factors, such as winds, tidal currents, and waves directly or indirectly affect ship resistance when sailing. Depending on their strength the environmental factors may pose a threat to the safe navigation of ships. Thus, vessel traffic control was regulated in South Korea according to the Beaufort scale. In order to design the channel width to reflect the environmental factors closely related to the safe navigation of ships, quantitative evaluation criteria reflected with environmental factors were presented in other countries, however, these external factors were not considered in South Korea. This study analyzed the relationship between the channel width actually used by ships and environmental factors by using the trajectories of ships entering and leaving Mokpo Port. This study also suggested the required channel width according to tidal currents and compared it with the channel width design criteria of other countries.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers B
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.101-106
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• 2001

Air-cored superconducting synchronous generator(ASSG) is characterized by an air-cored machine with its rotor iron and stator iron teeth removed. For this reason, in the case of the shape optimum design of ASSG, other design variables different from an iron-cored machine should be considered, which will lead to substantial improvement on the performance. The major design variables that are considered by using Three-dimensional Finite element Method(3D FEM) in this paper are : 1) field coil width, 2) axial length of magnetic shield, and 3) armature winding method. End-ring of armature winding is considered in the calculation of EMF. When it comes to field coil width, as field coil width enlarges, its effective field increases but the maximum field on the superconductor decreases. this determines the critical current density. this study presents an effective field coil width, axial length of magnetic shield, and armature winding method, and also the analysis is verified by the experimental results.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2008

It is important to consider the life of battery and low power operation for various wireless communications. Thus, Analog current-mode signal processing with SI circuit has been taken notice of in designing the LSI for wireless communications. However, in current mode signal processsing, current memory circuit has a problem called clock-feedthrough. In this paper, we examine the connection of CMOS switch that is the common solution of clock-feedthrough and calculate the relation of width between CMOS switch for design methodology for improvement of current memory. As a result of simulation, when the width of memory MOS is 20um, ratio of input current and bias current is 0.3, the width relation in CMOS switch is obtained with $W_{Mp}=5.62W_{Mn}+1.6$, for the nMOS width of 2~6um in CMOS switch. And from the same simulation condition, it is obtained with $W_{Mp}=2.05W_{Mn}+23$ for the nMOS width of 6~10um in CMOS switch. Then the defined width relation of MOS transistor will be useful guidance in design for improvement of current memory.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.45-48
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• 1994

We have studied about leaf-width distribution of Multileaf Collimator(MLC). We have analyzed 1169 treatment fields from 303 patients who have treated by radiation therapy. From this analysis, we can design an unevenly leaf-width distributed MLC, by placing the smaller leaf widths for more frequent blocking region and the larger for less. The average width of total leaves is 0.8 cm, but the effective block width is 0.5-0.6 cm for frequently blocking region(3-6 cm from the field center).

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.197-210
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• 1994

Presented in this paper is the rigorous analysis for the determination of effective flange width for composite beams. To make the solution suitable for routine design, formulas and tables for determining effective flange width for varying load types and geometric shapes are suggested. A variety of effective flange width problems for simple and continuous T- and I-beams can be solved by these tables and formulas. Although they are derived for T- and I-beams with symmetrical shapes, flanges and loads, they can be applied for non-symmetrical cases. Typical numerical examples are given to show how to use the formulas and tables; and their validity and accuracy are assessed by comparison with other known results that are based on the American Codes AISC, AASHTO and ACI.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.859-865
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• 2017

This paper presents a method for determining the optimum active-area width (OAW) of solar cells in a module architecture. The current density-voltage curve of a reference cell with a narrow active-area width is used to reproduce the current density profile in the test cell whose active area width is to be optimized. We obtained self-consistent current density and electric potential profiles from iterative calculations of both properties, considering the distributed resistance of the contact layers. Further, we determined the OAW that yields the maximum efficiency by calculating efficiency as a function of the active-area width. The proposed method can be applied to the design of the active area of a dye-sensitized solar cell in Z-type series connection modules for indoor and building-integrated photovoltaic systems. Our calculations predicted that OAW increases as the sheet resistances of the contact layers and the intensity of light decrease.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.537-544
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• 2009

The design standards, such as AISC-LRFD (2005) and KBC-2005, specify the maximum width-to-thickness ratio that can be used for computing the strength of the concrete-filled tube (CFT), and do not include any formula for computing the strength when the width-to-thickness ratio is over the limit. This paper proposes a strength equation for CFTs with a large width-to-thickness ratio by acknowledging the fact that the stiffened slender steel platehas substantial postbuckling strength, and that it therefore can be more economical to use it. The equation adopts the concept of effective width,which is very useful for plate analysis. By comparing the strengths of AISC2005, KBC2005, and the proposed method with the results of the experiment, where the width-to-thickness ratio was regarded as the main parameter, the applicability of the proposed method was verified.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.101-112
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences of the visual image on the variations in the waist position and the width of the wide pants. The stimuli were 9 samples: 3 variations of the waist position and 3 variations of the width of hem line. The data was obtained from 56 fashion students and analyzed by using Factor Analysis, Anova, Scheffe's Test and the MCA method. The results of this study are as follows; 1. The visual evaluation by the waist position and the width of the wide pants is composed of 4 factors: attractiveness, physical characteristics, modesty, and personality. Among these factors, the attractiveness was the most important. 2. The high waist pants showed the most characteristic and soft under the condition that the width of the hem line was 98cm at the third stage, while the natural waist pants showed no characteristics and stiff in case the width of the hem line was 66cm at the first stage. 3. The first stage pants were simplest and modest in case the waist position was low, while the third stage pants were the most complicated and untidiest in case the waist position was natural. 4. The waist position and the width of the wide pants interacted with the physical characteristics and the modesty. 5. According to the MCA on the attractiveness and the personality, the width affected to the visual image of the wide pants than the waist position did.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.16-29
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the differences of visual image by variations in the location of the waistline and width of the belt of the basic skirt. The stimuli are 21 samples: 7 variations of the location of the waistline and 3 variations of the width of the belt. The data has been obtained from 43 fashion design majors. The data has analyzed by frequency, factor analysis, anova, scheffe's test and the MCA method. The results of this study are as follows. The visual image by variations of the location of the waistline and width of the belt is composed of 3 factors: attention, function, attraction. The visual image by variations of the width of the belt has partial significant differences. The visual image by variations in the location of the waistline has significant differences in all factors. Function shows the interaction between the location of the waistline and width of the belt. However, attention and attraction don't show the interaction between the location of the waistline and width of the belt ; the location of the waistline tends to be the main effect.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.415-430
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• 2021

The effective flange width was usually introduced into elementary beam theory to consider the shear lag effect in steel-concrete composite beams. Previous studies have primarily focused on the effective width under positive moments and elastic loading, whereas it is still not clear for negative moment cases in the normal service stages. To account for this problem, this paper proposed simplified formulas for the effective flange width and reinforcement stress of composite beams under negative moments in service stages. First, a 10-degree-of-freedom (DOF) fiber beam element considering the shear lag effect and interfacial slip effect was proposed, and a computational procedure was developed in the OpenSees software. The accuracy and applicability of the proposed model were verified through comparisons with experimental results. Second, a method was proposed for determining the effective width of composite beams under negative moments based on reinforcement stress. Employing the proposed model, the simplified formulas were proposed via numerical fitting for cases under uniform loading and centralized loading at the mid-span. Finally, based on the proposed formulas, a simplified calculation method for the reinforcement stress in service stages was established. Comparisons were made between the proposed formulas and design code. The results showed that the design code method greatly underestimated the contribution of concrete under negative moments, leading to notable overestimations in the reinforcement stress and crack width.