• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.31-47
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• 1993

This study was intended to find the characteristics of the middle school students' thinking processes and problem spaces when they solved the physics problems. Ten ninth grade students in Chon-Buk Do, Korea were participated in this study. The researcher investigated their thinking processes in solving 5 physics problems on electric circuit. "Thinking aloud" method was used as a research method. The students' thinking processes were recorded using an audio tape recorder and transfered into protocols. The protocols were analyzed by problem solving process coding system which was developed by Lee(1987) on the basis of Larkin's problem solving process model. The results are as follows : (1) On the average 2.85 items were solved among 5 test items, and only one person could solve all of the items correctly. (2) Problems were solved in sequence of understanding the problem, planning, carrying out the plan, and evaluating steps regardless of the problem difficulty. (3) In regard to the thinking process steps, there was no difference between the good solvers and the poor ones. But in the detail performance of problem solving, the former was different from the latter in respect with using the design of general solving procedure. (4) The basic problem spaces by the item analysis were divided into two classes. One was the problem space by using Qualitative approach in problem solving, and the other was one by using Quantitative approach. As novices in physics problem solving, most of the students used the problem space by using the Quantitative approach.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.487-502
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• 2014

In buildings structures, the flexural stiffness reduction of beams and columns due to concrete cracking plays an important role in the nonlinear load-deformation response of reinforced concrete structures under service loads. Most Seismic Design Codes do not precise effective stiffness to be used in seismic analysis for structures of reinforced concrete elements, therefore uncracked section properties are usually considered in computing structural stiffness. But, uncracked stiffness will never be fully recovered during or after seismic response. In the present study, the effect of concrete cracking on the lateral response of structure has been taken into account. Totally 120 cases of 3 Dimensional Dynamic Analysis which considers the real and accidental torsional effects are performed using ETABS to determine the effective structural system across the height, which ensures the performance and the economic dimensions that achieve the saving in concrete and steel amounts thus achieve lower cost. The result findings exhibits that the dual system was the most efficient lateral load resisting system based on deflection criterion, as they yielded the least values of lateral displacements and inter-storey drifts. The shear wall system was the most economical lateral load resisting compared to moment resisting frame and dual system but they yielded the large values of lateral displacements in top storeys. Wall systems executes tremendous stiffness at the lower levels of the building, while moment frames typically restrain considerable deformations and provide significant energy dissipation under inelastic deformations at the upper levels. Cracking found to be more impact over moment resisting frames compared to the Shear wall systems. The behavior of various lateral load resisting systems with respect to time period, mode shapes, storey drift etc. are discussed in detail.

• 복식
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• 제60권5호
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• pp.35-50
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to know how helmet and armor was reinterpreted in historical play by considering general concept and type of old helmet and armor from the aspect of costume history and comparing the helmet and armor types of TV historical plays, Yeongaesomun and Taewangsasingi, whose historical backgrounds were based on the age of Goguryeo. The helmet and armor type shown in Yeongaesomun was reinterpreted as the one, which is close to historical investigation, by reappearing lamellar armor and jongjangpanju(helmet made of slim, long plate) shown in Goguryeo wall painting. The helmet and armor type shown in Taewangsasingi expresses fantastic helmet and armor by adding fantastic factor regardless of historical investigation. The study result reveals that there are several common characteristic factors between the helmet and armors of two historical plays. First, there was a classification in the display of character and story. The helmet and armor type shown in Yeongaesomun classified color and detail design depending on lamellar armor or character. In Taewangsasingi, the helmet and armor was manufactured depending on character's nature and the chain armors, which are lighter than existing helmet and armors, were usual. Second, they escaped from the historical investigation about traditional helmet and armor. In Yeongaesomun, myeonggwangae(a type of armor), which might be popular, was not expressed and Taewangsasingi is free from an imperative idea of historical investigation by manufacturing helmet and armor referring to that of ancient Rome age. The modern sense was reflected to increase dramatic effect. The helmet and armor of Yeongaesomun provides modern feeling by using stainless steel material and modern color arrangement and that of Taewangsasingi is designed in modern, splendid way as it aimed at game development from the planning step.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.297-305
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• 2016

2015년부터 한국에서 시행된 "탄소배출권 거래제"로 인해 각 분야에서 환경문제에 대응하고자 하는 움직임이 커지고 있다. 특히 환경부하량의 정확한 산출이 어려운 건설 분야에서는 ISO 14040 Series의 LCA (Life Cycle Assessment)를 적용하여 환경부하량을 산출하고자 하는 움직임이 지속되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 PSC beam 교량의 시공중 발생하는 환경부하량을 전과정 평가(Life Cycle Assessment, LCA) 방법론을 기반으로 분석하였다. 총 34개의 교량을 대상으로 분석한 결과, 건설 자재별 환경부하량은 레미콘(53.3%), 선재(9.6%), 철근(7.8%), 시멘트(6.8%) 합판(5.5%), 에너지(5.2%) 순으로 도출되었으며, 환경 범주별 환경부하량은 지구온난화(45.5%), 자원고갈(30.4%), 인체독성(10.5%), 광화학산화물생성(8.9%) 순으로 도출되었다. 향후 LCA를 기획 및 설계 단계에서 도입한다면, 환경부하를 고려한 의사결정을 수행할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.335-349
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• 2019

To investigate the axial compressive performance of the recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) filled glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) tube and profile steel composite columns, static loading tests were carried out on 18 specimens under axial loads in this study, including 7 RAC filled GFRP tube columns and 11 RAC filled GFRP tube-profile steel composite columns. The design parameters include recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement percentage, profile steel ratio, slenderness ratio and RAC strength. The failure process, failure modes, axial stress-strain curves, strain development and axial bearing capacity of all specimens were mainly analyzed in detail. The experimental results show that the GFRP tube had strong restraint ability to RAC material and the profile steel could improve the axial compressive performance of the columns. The failure modes of the columns can be summarized as follow: the profile steel in the composite columns yielded first, then the internal RAC material was crushed, and finally the fiberglass of the external GFRP tube was seriously torn, resulting in the final failure of columns. The axial bearing capacity of the columns decreased with the increase of RCA replacement percentage and the maximum decreasing amplitude was 11.10%. In addition, the slenderness ratio had an adverse effect on the axial bearing capacity of the columns. However, the strength of the RAC material could effectively improve the axial bearing capacity of the columns, but their deformability decreased. In addition, the increasing profile steel ratio contributed to the axial compressive capacity of the composite columns. Based on the above analysis, a formula for calculating the bearing capacity of composite columns under axial compression load is proposed, and the adverse effects of slenderness ratio and RCA replacement percentage are considered.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.579-586
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• 2013

SNS 마케팅에 최적화된 영상은 어떤 것인지 알아보기 위해 동일한 제품의 홍보영상을 각각 다른 Concept로 제작하였다. 제품의 디자인을 Teaser 형식으로 보여주는 'Feature Movie'와 패러디 기법으로 제품의 USP를 경쟁사와 직접 비교시킨 'Viral Movie'가 그것이다. 이 두 영상을 YouTube에 게재, 시청자 Feedback을 분석하였다. 그 결과 Viral 영상의 Views와 Shares가 모두 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 이러한 분석결과를 통해 시청자들은 영상미에 비중을 둔 'Feature Movie'보다 패러디를 통해 재미를 강조한 'Viral Movie'에 더 많은 관심을 보였고 또 더 많이 공유하였다. 이와 같이 SNS 마케팅을 위한 Viral 영상은 제작물이 배포되는 시점의 이슈를 반영하고, Concept를 분명하게 드러내며, 시청자의 시선을 끌 수 있는 Impact가 필요함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.127-136
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• 2007

Modern society shares new culture derived from the fusion of various cultures unlike the past culture regulating one phenomenon of certain field as the representative icon of the era. Especially, the phenomenon of globalization acts as the catalytic agent to receive coexistence of variousness easily. Especially, in fashion industry, these flows and the view of naturalism are harmonized and new fashion trend called 'Ethnic' was embossed. As it reflects internal spirit of human being that wants to return to the memory due to expansion of material civilization, the interest in the designer pursuing it is increasing. This study tries to consider the Ethnic style displayed by Chinese American designer, Anna Sui, who pursues the eastern style with full wit and individuality. Anna Sui, who was praised by New York Times for 'the superb harmony of houte couture style and up-to-date style', created another fashion trend, romanticism in New York and she is the worldwide designer representing Ethnic. Like it, the consideration on her Ethnic style reanalyzing as eastern style provides guidance to check how designer's fashion philosophy appears in one category of America and China and new study material that enables us to understand the third world culture code as well as Anna Sui. This confirmation has the meaning as the basic material for the endless challenge to the new style that fashion will go on in the future. Anna Sui was confirmed to have been recognized as a designer who represented the ethnic collection in the United States, exerting the influence with her unique oriental background. Moreover, her design could identify the pivotal point of ethnic image by developing her unique style which is distinct from other designers in terms of silhouette, color, fabric, detail, and so on. This kind of study can provide the basic data required to understand the fashion world of designer in the future.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.971-984
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyse the relations among the residents' characteristics, the policy of the facility, and the physical characteristics of activity areas, and to understand the elements for the lively use of activity areas in the elderly nursing facilities. The results of the study are as follows: First, there was a relationship between the characteristics of semi-public activity areas and the residents' management-control policy. The facilities having semi-public areas of living room type showed more flexibility in time and place and more respects for the residents. Second, the activity areas of connection type were much more used than the compartment type, especially in the facilities having more residents incapable of walking. On the other hand, the facilities having high control for the residents showed high using rate in public activity areas, and all those did not have semi-public areas or showed low using rate in there. Third, in the analysis of the relationship between the physical characteristics and the using rate of activity areas, the public activity areas having compartment type in the spatial composition and hall as a form were likely to have multiple usages. On the whole, the various form of activity areas, the area per residents, openness, accessibility and centrality were having interactions each other for high using rate in activity areas. Especially, many stimulations and the furniture arrangements that were good for the residents' interactions had a function of compensation for the poor physical characteristics of activity areas. This study investigated only the using rates to understand the lively use of the space. For the future study, it is suggested that the detail using behavior of the residents should be examined to understand the influential elements.

• 복식
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• 제61권6호
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• pp.60-73
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• 2011

Men's fashion has not much changed due to the pervasive patriarchy Because of the change of gender roll and attitude towards one's appearance and fashion, men began to express themselves with fashion in the late 90's. The purpose of this study is to categorize men's image and their fashion styles from Korean TV dramas to provide informations for predicting men's fashion trend in rapidly changing market. Through the analysis of three dramas with 30% or more of audience rating by all age groups from January to July, 2009, nine distinctive male images were selected and their styles were analyzed; silhouette, details, materials, color, accessories, and hair-style. The results are as follows: In the past holding neat and straight line silhouettes but today shows tight silhouette. In color and detail, the use of brilliant chromatic colors, use of hight saturation colors, big and brilliant pattern, ruffles, frills, beads, knitwear, mix matched new composed materials, and light materials are dominant. While short and simple shape of hair-styles were predominant in the past, now we see more varied hair length. Not only that, variety of perms and colors are showed on TV screens. Hence, the results show that a lot of radical change has happened in the men's fashion, and marketing propositions that reflects this change in men's fashion market are requested along with trendy emotional product development and coordination proposals, and finally calls for more multilateral study and market search of male consumers.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.1760-1769
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• 1992

본 연구에서는 원관의 외벽에 일정 열 유속이 가해지고 원관 입구에 주기적인 압력이 주어질때 축방향으로 유동 및 온도가 주기적으로 완전 발달된 영역에서, 맥동 진동수 및 시간 평균 유량의 변화에 따른 원관 벽면과 원관 내부 유체 온도의 시간적 변화를 측정 하고자 하였다. 아울러 맥동 유동에서의 열전달 특성을 비맥동 유동 에서의 결과와 비교 검토 하였다.