• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.35 no.5
• /
• pp.701-715
• /
• 2020

Steel storage racks are lightweight structures, made of thin-walled cold-formed members, whose behaviour is remarkably influenced by local, distortional and overall buckling phenomena, frequently mutually combined. In addition, the need of an easy and rapid erection and reconfiguration of the skeleton frame usually entails the presence of regular perforations along the length of the vertical elements (uprights). Holes and slots strongly influence their behaviour, whose prediction is however of paramount importance to guarantee an efficient design and a safe use of racks. This paper focuses on the behaviour of isolated uprights subjected to both axial load and bending moments, differing for the cross-section geometry and for the regular perforation systems. According to the European standards for routine design, four alternatives to evaluate the bending moment-axial load resisting domains are shortly discussed and critically compared in terms of member load carrying capacity.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.81-101
• /
• 2013

In this paper a robust 2-noded connection element has been developed for modelling the bolted end-plate connection between steel beam and column at elevated temperatures. The numerical procedure described is based on the model proposed by Huang (2011), incorporating additional developments to more precisely determinate the tension, compression and bending moment capacities of end-plate connection in fire. The proper failure criteria are proposed to calculate the tension capacity for each individual bolt row. In this new model the connection failure due to bending, axial tension, compression and shear are considered. The influence of the axial force of the connected beam on the connection is also taken into account. This new model has the advantages of both the simple and component-based models. In order to validate the model a total of 22 tests are used. It is evident that this new connection model has ability to accurately predict the behaviour of the end-plate connection at elevated temperatures, and can be used to represent the end-plate connections in supporting performance-based fire resistance design of steel-framed composite buildings.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.26 no.1A
• /
• pp.163-171
• /
• 2006

The behaviors and design procedures of building excavation plane in innovative prestressed support (IPS) system are presented in this paper. Determination procedure for initial pretension in IPS wale subjected to design earth pressure is derived. The computer analysis model under uniform and non-uniform earth pressure is constructed using beam element for the IPS wale, tension-only element for cable, and compression-only element for soil. Axial forces and bending moments of IPS wale under initial pretension and design earth pressure are calculated. The combined stresses due to these axial force and bending moment are calculated and safety condition of building excavation plane is investigated.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.373-385
• /
• 2019

This paper presents a useful in-plane structural analysis of low-rise blind-bolted composite frames with semi-rigid joints. Analytical models were used to predict the moment-rotation relationship of the composite beam-to-column flush endplate joints that produced accurate and reliable results. The comparisons of the analytical model with test results in terms of the moment-rotation response verified the robustness and reliability of the model. Abaqus software was adopted to conduct frame analysis considering the material and geometrical non-linearities. The flexural behaviour of the composite frames was studied by applying the lateral loads incorporating wind and earthquake actions according to the Australian standards. A wide variety of frames with a varied number of bays and storeys was analysed to determine the bending moment envelopes under different load combinations. The design models were finalized that met the strength and serviceability limit state criteria. The results from the frame analysis suggest that among lateral loads, wind loads are more critical in Australia as compared to the earthquake loads. However, gravity loads alone govern the design as maximum sagging and hogging moments in the frames are produced as a result of the load combination with dead and live loads alone. This study provides a preliminary analysis and general understanding of the behaviour of low rise, semi-continuous frames subjected to lateral load characteristics of wind and earthquake conditions in Australia that can be applied in engineering practice.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.46 no.6
• /
• pp.773-791
• /
• 2023

Connections with damage concentrated to pre-selected components can enhance seismic resilience for moment resisting frames. These pre-selected components always yield early to dissipate energy, and their energy dissipation mechanisms vary from one to another, depending on their position in the connection, geometry configuration details, and mechanical characteristics. This paper presents behaviour insights on two types of beam-to-beam connections that the angles were designed as energy dissipation components, through the results of experimental study and finite element analysis. Firstly, an experimental programme was reviewed, and key responses concerning the working mechanism of the connections were presented, including strain distribution at the critical section, section force responses of essential components, and initial stiffness of test specimens. Subsequently, finite element models of three specimens were established to further interpret their behaviour and response that were not observable in the tests. The moment and shear force transfer paths of the composite connections were clarified through the test results and finite element analysis. It was observed that the bending moment is mainly resisted by axial forces from the components, and the dominant axial force is from the bottom angles; the shear force at the critical section is primarily taken by the slab and the components near the top flange. Lastly, based on the insights on the load transfer path of the composite connections, preliminary design recommendations are proposed. In particular, a resistance requirement, quantified by a moment capacity ratio, was placed on the connections. Design models and equations were also developed for predicting the yield moment resistance and the shear resistance of the connections. A flexible beam model was proposed to quantify the shear resistance of essential components.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.949-960
• /
• 2002

Flat plate structures under lateral load are susceptible to punching shear failure of the slab-column connection. To prevent such brittle failure, strength and ductility of the connection should be ensured. However, due to complexity in the behavior and difficulty in simulating the actual load and boundary conditions of the flat plate system, it is not easy to obtain reliable data regarding to the strength and ductility from the previous experimental studies. In the present study, a numerical study was performed for interior connections of continuous flat plate. For the purpose, a computer program for nonlinear FE analyses was developed, and the validity was verified by comparisons with the existing experimental results. Through the parametric studies, the variations of bending moment, shear, and torsional moment around the connection were investigated. Based on the findings of the numerical studies, the aspects which need to be improved in current design methods were discussed. The results of the present study will be used for developing a design method for the flat plate-column connection in the companion paper.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 1990.10a
• /
• pp.111-128
• /
• 1990

Three numerical analysis carried out for the design of a diaphragm wall were examined by the results of field observation data. Utilizing the wall stiffness, supporting system and construction sequence, the relative merits of those factors on the analysis of diaphragm wall have been investigated and their effects are compared tilth the observed behaviour of the wall. The predicted bending moment and wall displacement by elasto-plastic method agreed well with the observed values. The rigid slab supported system (i.e Top-Down Method) found to be the most effective way of controlling ground movement.

• Advances in Computational Design
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 2018

The decaying temperature and dynamic response of a thermoelastic nanobeam subjected to a moving load has been investigated in the context of generalized theory of nonlocal thermoelasticity. The transformed distributions of deflection, temperature, axial displacement and bending moment are obtained by using Laplace transformation. By applying a numerical inversion method, the results of these fields are then inverted and obtained in the physical domain. Also, for a particular two models, numerical results are discussed and presented graphically. Some specific and special results are derived from the current study.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.5-17
• /
• 2019

Dynamic centrifuge model test was conducted to evaluate the dynamic stability of the pile-supported slab track method during dynamic railway loading and earthquake loading. The centrifuge tests were carried out for various condition of embankment height and soft ground depth. Based on test results, we found that the bending moment was increased with embankment height and decreased with soft ground depth. In addition, it was confirmed that the pile-supported slab track system could have dynamic stability for short-period seismic loading. However, in case of long-period seismic loading, such as Hachinohe earthquake, the observed maximum bending moment reached to pile cracking moment at the return period of 2,400 year earthquake. The criterion of ratio between embankment height and soft ground depth was suggested for dynamic stability of pile-supported slab track system.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.1423-1450
• /
• 2015

The paper presents the details and results of an experimental study on bolted end-plate joints of industrial type steel building frames. The investigated joints are commonly used in Lindab-Astron industrial buildings and are optimized for manufacturing, erection and durability. The aim of the research was to provide an experimental background for the design model development by studying load-bearing capacity of joints, bolt force distribution, and end-plate deformations. Because of the special joint details, (i.e., joints with four bolts in one bolt-row and HammerHead arrangements), the Eurocode 3 standardized component model had to be improved and extended. The experimental programme included six different end-plate and bolt arrangements and covered sixteen specimens. The steel grade of test specimens was S355, the bolt diameter M20, whereas the bolt grade was 8.8 and 10.9 for the two series. The end-plate thickness varied between 12 mm and 24 mm. The specimens were investigated under pure bending conditions using a four-point-bending test arrangement. In all tests the typical displacements and the bolt force distribution were measured. The end-plate plastic deformations were measured after the tests by an automatic measuring device. The measured data were presented and evaluated by the moment-bolt-row force and moment-distance from centre of compression diagrams and by the deformed end-plate surfaces. From the results the typical failure modes and the joint behaviour were specified and presented. Furthermore the influence of the end-plate thickness and the pretension of the bolts on the behaviour of bolted joints were analysed.