• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.140-148
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the relationship of being from low-income families on children's behavior problems and obesity. Methods: The research design was a descriptive survey study, and the participants were 197 children from low-income families who took part in activities at a local children's center. They were selected through convenience sampling. The participants completed a questionnaire, BASC-2 (Behavior Assessment System for Children). Results: The results are as follows: 22.3% had obesity, a rate higher than that of children in general. Further, 37.3% had attention deficit problems, 33.8% had problems adapting to school and 49% had other adaption problem. There was a gender-specific difference with respect to all of the behavior problems. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate a lack of an identified child policy for behavior problems and health, and suggest a need for various programs and policies which could lead to development of behavior screening programs for children from low-income families.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.127-147
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing health promoting behavior and satisfaction of life in female undergraduate students, to provide the basic data for health promoting intervention in order to improve satisfaction of life. The subjects of this study were 345 female undergraduate students living in Jecheon city who were selected by convenience sampling. The data was collected through self-reported questionnaires from Oct. 2 to Dec. 20, 2001. Research instruments used in this study were the health promoting lifestyle profile developed by Walker et al(1987), satisfaction of life developed by Pavot and Diener(1993), perceived health status by Lawston et al(1982), self-esteem by Rosenberg(1965), self-efficacy by Becker et al(1993), health locus of control by Wallston et al(1978). The data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics, pearson correlation coefficient, stepwise multiple regression with SPSS/Win program. The results of this study were as follows； 1) The mean score of health promoting behavior was 2.31 point out of 4. Among the sub-levels of health promoting behavior, the order of importance was the following self-actualization(2.76), interpersonal support(2.75), stress management(2.31), nutrition(2.06), health responsibility(1.83), exercise(1.76). The mean score of satisfaction of life was 4.11 point out of 7. 2) The health promoting behavior showed significant positive correlation with perceived health status, self-esteem, self-efficacy, internal health locus of control, powerful others health locus of control. The satisfaction of life showed significant positive correlation with perceived health status, self-esteem, self-efficacy, internal health locus of control, health promoting behavior. 3) In the relationship between general characteristics and health promoting behavior, there was a significant difference in majors(F＝8.50, p＝.000). In the relationship between general characteristics and satisfaction of life were significant differences in a grades(F＝2.67, p＝.04) and economic status of parents(F＝8.59, p＝.000) 4) The most powerful predictor of health promoting behavior was self-efficacy. A combination of self-efficacy, self-esteem and powerful others health locus of control accounted for 34.7% of the variance in health promoting behavior. The most powerful predictor of satisfaction of life was self-esteem. A combination of self-esteem, health promoting behavior, perceived health status, economic status of parents and grade accounted for 34.0% of the variance in satisfaction of life. In conclusion, we need a health promotion program focusing on exercise, health responsibility and nursing strategies enhancing self-efficacy and self-esteem should be developed to promote a healthy lifestyle and satisfaction of life in female college students.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.605-622
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• 1996

Needle stick injury, in which blood-borne pathogens including Human Immune-Deficiency virus and hepatitis B virus are transmitted, is one of the major occupational hazards that health professionals face everyday. In order to provide basic data for the development of educational programs for health professionals aimed at preventing and effectively managing needle stick injuries, a retrospective descriptive study was carried out .The subjects of the study were 630 health professionals, 499 nurses and 131 physicians, from two university hospitals in Seoul, Korea. Data on episodes of needle stick experiences over the past is months September 1994 through August 1995, were collected between September 1 and 7, 1995. A Questionaire developed by the researcher was used. The frequencies and the percentile score for episodes of needle stick injuries were calculated using the PC-SAS program. The differences and similarities in reference to the structure, career, and specialty variables were analysed by X$^2$-tests. Results are as follows : 1. Of the sample, 521(82.7%) reported a needle stick injury, 33.4% reported 3 or more episodes of needle stick injuries. 2. The needle stick injuries occured in the following processes : process of percutaneous venepuncture for intra-venous injection and infusion(55.3%), medical examination and treatment(48.9%), per-cutaneous venepuncture for blood sampling (46.3%) and intra-muscular injection(42.2%). 3. The study showed that needle stick injuries occured before(19%), during(25%), and after (56%) client treatment. The major causes of needle stick injuries were perceived to be hastiness(82.2%) and carelessness(48.3%). Of these injuries, 91.8% occured in emergency situations. 4. Follow of care for the injury consisted of : treating the injured site immediately using disinfectants(89.7%), reviewing the clinical records of the patient involved(84.2%), immunological investigation for the status of antibodies(11.1%) and self-medication of antibiotics (10.7%). Only 16.3% of the total episodes were founded to have been reported to the administrative unit. 5. The length of clinical experience of the nurses, clinical specialty and length of clinical experience in physicians were found to have influenced the episodes of needle stick injuries ; nurses with less than 1 year and with more than 6 years of clinical experiences had significantly lower levels (X$^2$=25.04, P=.00), surgeons had significantly higher levels (X$^2$=9.89, P=.02) compared to that of internists and interns, higher(X$^2$=4.54, P=.03)than residents.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.164-172
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze college students' attitudes toward people with disabilities, and factors affecting the attitudes, and further to examine possible ways to improve the attitudes, and to furnish guideline of curriculum and practice in rehabilitation nursing on the basis of this analysis. Method: A descriptive, relational study design was used. The subjects of this study were 448 college students. A convenient sampling is used. Data were collected through 4 types of previous questionnaires used to examine attitude from May 1 to May 30, 2003. Result: 1. The attitude toward people with disabilities whose mean is 3.762 was responded somewhat negatively. Especially, a contact tension whose mean was 4.00 is high. 2. As a result of analyzing the attitudes of college students toward people with disabilities, some factors were statistically significant. They were experience of contact with the disabled, concern toward the disabled, voluntary work related to the disabled, and disability experience education. 3. The more negative experience of people with disabilities and the lower stereotype of disability and the higher effects of parents, teachers, and mass media, then the more positive response of peoples attitude with disabilities. 4. The main factors of determining the attitude of people with disabilities were the stereotype of disability, contact experience, concern about disability, voluntary work experience. Conclusion : These results suggested that an appropriate educational intervention and strategy is needed in order to change the attitudes of college students toward people with disabilities. Also experimental researches are needed to do it.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.115-128
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of self-esteem and consumer socialization agents on rational consumption patterns of middle school students. Using a convenient sampling method, the data were collected from middle schools in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Chungcheong, Jeonnam, and Gwangju and a total of 412 copies were analyzed. The descriptive statistics, Chronbach's α, t-test, and stepwise regression analysis were performed using the SPSS and the results were as follows. First, rational consumption behavior was 3.18 and self-esteem was 3.54 on a 5-Likert scale. As for consumer socialization agents, parents was the highest at 3.13, followed by school 2.83, mass media 2.78 and peers 2.73. Second, the average comparison of rational consumption behavior and consumer socialization agents by gender showed that there was no gender difference in rational consumption behavior, but in the case of consumer socialization, girls were higher than boys. Third, examining the influence of self-esteem and consumer socialization agents on rational consumption behavior, it was found that the amount of money, mass media, and peers showed an negative effects on rational consumption behavior, while self-esteem and parents showed positive effects on rational consumption behavior. In this regard, middle school students need to have more self-esteem and guide their peers so that their influence can be positive in the home economics class in order to become consumers with rational consumption behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.12-24
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• 2002

The purpose of this paper is to decompose the effect of resources of natural parks(NP) on user's satisfaction to answer the research question: What are the causal effects of resources of natural parks on user\ulcorner After reviewing the literature, classification of resources of NP, various approaches and analysis methods employed, we constructed the conceptual framework and have formulated the hypothesis of this research. We had obtained data through a questionnaire, which surveyed 414 visitors at 6 of the 73 NP in Korea in 2001, based on a stratified sampling method. We have analyzed the data using descriptive statistical methods, Pearson's correlation analysis, and a path analysis method. We found that 1) While the indirect effect of topographical feature and valley(TFV), socio-cultural resources(SCR), and climate, sound, and scent(CSS) turned out to be 2.75, 1.20, and 2.00 times higher than that of wild animal and plant(WAP), the direct effect of TFV, SCR, and landscape turned out to be 2.95, 2.88, and 2.64 times higher than that of CSS, 2) The magnitude of causal effects of the three exogeneous variables of TFV, WAP, and SCR and two intervening variables of CSS and landscape on User's satisfaction turned out to be 0.403, 0.048, 0.323, 0.188, and 0.243, respectively, 3) Total direct effect of the exogeneous and intervening variables on user's satisfaction is 0.871, while that of indirect effect is 0.334, and 4) Causal effect of tangible resources is 1.80 times higher than that of intangible while total effect of tangible resources are 1.36 times higher than that of intangible. The research results suggest that 1) Criteria for designation and maintenances of NP and results of previous studies on resources turned out to be unreliable and distorted, 2) In the criteria of planning and maintenance of NP, intangible resources must be included, 3) Remedial directions to increase user's satisfaction should be focused on maintenance of TFV and landscape in NP, and 4) The approach and path analysis adopted by this research is valid and highly useful for other resource based recreation area. It is recommended that more empirical study on seasonal variation of resources in NP based user's preference be performed in the future.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.537-547
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• 2017

This study attempted to determine differences between the perceived empowerment level and job satisfaction depending on hairdressers' demographic characteristics and analyze the effects of their empowerment on job satisfaction. For this, a total of 310 hairdressers in Gwangju-Jeonnam and Seoul-Gyeonggi-do were chosen through convenience sampling, and then a questionnaire survey was conducted. The valid 277 copies were used for final analysis. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, reliability analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan's test, and multiple regression analysis were conducted using SPSS 15.0. The study results found the following: First, in terms of the subordinate factors of empowerment, the following four factors were found: meaningfulness, self-determination, competence, and impact. Second, depending on demographic characteristics (e.g., age, career, type of beauty salon, job title, punch-in time, monthly pay), a statistically significant difference was found between empowerment and job satisfaction (p<.01). Third, hairdressers' perceived empowerment level had a positive impact on job satisfaction (p<.01). In terms of the empowerment on job satisfaction by sub-factor, 'self-determination' was largest, followed by 'meaningfulness' and 'competence.' Therefore, beauty salon owners need to manage their business more efficiently by converging cosmetology and business management by expanding empowerment among hairdressers properly after recognizing the importance of hairdresser empowerment.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.732-745
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• 2001

This study attempted to identify obese students' stress and coping method in middle and high schools. The data were collected from the total of 600 obese students from middle and high schools in Pusan. The author used a convenience sampling method. The data collection was done from March 2 to April 30. 2001. The analysis of the data was done with SPSS Win(10.0) for descriptive statistics. t-test. and ANOVA. The instrument used for the obese students' stress and coping method was a questionnaire developed by Kim. Yi-Soon and Kim. Young-Hae(200l). The tool was composed of 65 items (33stress items: 32coping method items) with the five-point Likert scale. The results were as follow: 1. The average score of stress was 2.49 (SD = .86) points in the male students. and 2.83(SD= .86) points in the female students. The subcategories were: (outward appearance), (boyfriend/girlfriend), (occurrence of an outbreak of a disease), (relationship within the family), (an obese appearance), (difficulty in exercise). The highest degree of stress came from 'an obese appearance' for the male students (mean=2.64. SD=0.87) and (mean=2.64. SD=0.87) for the female students. 2. The subcategories of the coping method were: (be concerned about other matters), (recreation activities), (self-violence), (relaxation), (hobby activities), (avoid a situation), (communication), (music), (negative behavior), (positive thinking). The highest degree of coping method were (recreation activities) in the male students (mean=3.07. SD=0.86) and (music) in the female students (mean=3.47. SD=1.01). 3. The results comparing stress with demographic variables were significant for gender (t=7.010. p=0.000). grades at school (F=2.918. p=0.02l), degree of obesity (F=5.205. p=0.006). grades (F=2.550. p=0.027). standard of living(F=8.277. p=0.000). the state of health (F=2.882, p=0.022), relationship with the father (F=4.790, p=0.001), relationship with the mother (F=6.080, p=0.000), and the educational level of the father (F=3.192, p=0.013). 4. The results comparing the coping method with demographic variables were significant for gender (t=4.597. p=0.000). These findings contribute to the understanding of the degree of stress and the type of coping methods of obese students in middle and high schools. Therefore, the result of this study aids in an effective nursing intervention to improve the mental health program for the obese.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.317-331
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to verify the relationship among servant leadership, empowerment and sports satisfaction of badminton coaches by self-leadership. Among national badminton players, total 343 copies of data were collected and used at the study by using of random sampling. The normal distribution on data and the validity and reliability for each factors were proven to confirm through descriptive statistics, exploratory & confirmatory factor analysis and reliability analysis with SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 program. The relationship among each factors by the purpose of study were analyzed by correlation analysis and structural model analysis. The results were as follows. First, the servant leadership of badminton coaches had positive effect on empowerment. Second, the servant leadership of badminton coaches had positive effect on self-leadership. Third, the servant leadership of badminton coaches had positive effect on sports satisfaction. Fourth, empowerment had positive effect on sports satisfaction. Fifth, self-leadership had positive effect on sports satisfaction. Sixth, for the relationship between servant leadership and sports satisfaction, empowerment and self-leadership had indirect effects.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.166-180
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• 2000

This study sought to find out the level of perception of the effect on women's physical, mental, socio-culture health of the artificial abortion. The research design was a descriptive correlational study and selected by convenient sampling. The subjects were 510 female and male adults who live in Seoul, Korea. Data were collected from 20th September, 1999 to 28th October, 1999. The data were analyzed through the SPSS program by use of frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe test as a post hoc contrast, $x^2$-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression. The results of the study are as follows. 1. The subject who experienced artificial abortion was 24.3% and 468% of these had experienced repeated artificial abortion. 54.4% was using the contraceptives and there was a significant difference in the contraceptives between that women wish to use and that women are really using. 2. For the opinion on the artificial abortion, 77.3% of respondents was pro-abortionists and the most acceptable reasons of pro-choice were" In case of unmarried" and "For the women's health". 3. On the whole, the subjects perceived that artificial abortion had a negative effect on the women's health, especially, on the women's mental health. Among the items, 'guilty feeling about the baby' was the highest. 4. The related factors to the level of perception of the effect on women's health of the artificial abortion were in sex, age, occupational status, marital status, educational level, the number of children, abortion history, contraceptives women use, the frequency of the consideration on the problem of artificial abortion and the position toward abortion such as pro or anti. The main influencing factors on the level o0f perception were artificial abortion history, occupational status and the frequency of the consideration on the problem of artificial abortion. Theses factors explained 35% of total variance of the level of perception 5. The variables related to the experience of artificial abortion were age, occupational status, marital status, religion, educational level, the number of children and whether women practice contraceptives or not.