• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.660-662
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• 2009

Purpose: There are several modalities to reattach the amputated auricle. Microvascular replantation can achieve the best outcome, but technically difficult. Conventional composite graft is technically easy, but uniformly unsuccessful. Our successful experience of reattachment using postauricular subcutaneous pocket is presented. Methods: The amputated tissue was placed in its anatomical position with buried sutures. The amputated part is dermabraded to remove the epidermis and outer layer of dermis(Fig. 1, Center, left). Postauricular skin flap was then raised and the reattached dermabraded ear was buried beneath the flap(Fig. 1, Center, right). Two weeks after the original surgery, the buried ear was removed from its pocket (Fig. 1, Below, left). Results: The ear was reepithelialized spontaneously in 7 days. At 3 months, the reattached ear has satisfactory appearance without contour deformity(Fig. 1, Below, right). Conclusion: This technique provides increase in contact surface between the amputated segment and the surrounding tissues which supply blood, serum, oxygen and nutrients, maximizing the probability of "take". Minimally injured dermis can be healed from spontaneous reepithelialization and provides minimal contour deformity. We have used this non-microsurgical technique with very satisfying outcome.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.107-115
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• 2002

This study was performed to investigate the effect of ultrasound irradiation on epidermal growth factor(EGF) expression in rat wound tissue. Skin wounds were created below 5mm to both sides of scapular inferior angle. The right wound was used experimental side and left was used control side. Ultrasound was irradiated pulse rate $20\%$, frequency 1MHz, intensity $0.5W/cm^2$ for 5 minutes during 3days. After sonication during 3 days, rats were sacrified. The expression of epidermal growth factor evaluated immunohistochemistry on mouse anti-EGF. In the control side, a little expression of EGF was observed at epidermis and dermis. In the experimental side, A strong immunostaining was seen at epidermis and dermis. This study suggests that ultrasound irradiation is effective on EGF expression in wound tissue.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.553-562
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• 1995

To elucidate pathologic change of skin in porcine exudative epidermitis, immunohistochemical and electron microscopical observations were carried out in the skin of the suckling pigs inoculated with Staphylococcus hyicus subsp hyicus which were isolated from natural case. In immunohistochemistry, ATPase-positive dendritic cells were more populated in epidermo-dermal junctional areas and perivascular area in dermis than in epidermal area as the disease was proceeded. These dendritic cells were identified as Langerhans cell by immunoperoxidase staining and these cells were populated granulomatous bodies. Electron microscopical study showed various retrogressive degeneration and vacuolation of epidermal cell organelles with retention of amorphorous exudates in intercellular space, and cellular seperation. Langerhans cells present in intercellular space of epidermis were populated in epidermo-dermal junctional areas, in dermis, and around granulomatous bodies. Langerhans cells contained decreased Birbeck granules in number but increased lysosome and ribosome. These cells were in contact with lymphocytes. This study was discussed relation between the various immunocytes and the formation of granulomatous bodies, and this inflammation was considered as delayed type hypersensitivity.

• Annals of dermatology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.716-720
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• 2018

Perforating granuloma annulare (PGA), a rare variant of granuloma annulare, is characterized by transepidermal elimination of altered collagen that clinically manifests an umbilicated papule with a central crust. It can be confused with papulonecrotic tuberculid (PNT) because of their similar appearance. Unlike PGA, PNT is usually related to tuberculosis infection with a typical histologic finding of wedgeshaped dermal necrosis. Here, we report the first Korean case of PGA mimicking PNT both clinically and histologically. A 43-year-old Korean woman presented with erythematous papules localized on the extensor surface of her limbs for one year. Some of these papules had a central umbilication or a crust. Regarding comorbidity, she had latent tuberculosis diagnosed with $QuantiFERON^{(R)}-TB$ Gold test about five months ago. She was on antituberculous medication. Initially, a diagnosis of papulonecrotic tuberculid accompanied by latent tuberculosis was considered. However, despite taking the antituberculous medication for five months, her skin lesions were not improved. Biopsy specimen from her arm lesion showed wedge-shaped area of necrosis in the dermis. Additionally, there were multiple focal mucin depositions and palisading granulomatous inflammation throughout the dermis. A diagnosis of PGA was made and she was treated with topical corticosteroid. After two weeks of applying topical corticosteroid, most of her skin lesions disappeared, leaving some hyperpigmented scars.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 2003

The skin of the eel goby, Odontamblyopus lacepedii, consists of epidermis, dermis and subcutis. The epidermis has three layers: the outermost layer, middle layer and stratum germinativum. The outermost layer is composed of polygonal cells or rather flattened cells, and mucous gland cells of acid mucopolysaccharides. The middle layer consists mainly of swollen small or voluminous epidermal cells and shows a web-shaped structure. The thickness of the epidermis depends on the various sizes and the number of layers of the swollen cells. Well-developed lymphatic spaces containing lymphocytes exist in the stratum germinativum and small scales are embedded in the dermis. A large number of blood capillaries are present just below the basement membrane, and a definite area giving AB and PAS positive was present between the basement membrane and scales, Taste buds ave distributed on surface of the epidermis at intervals. Considering the structural features of the skin, it may be considered that O. lacepedii is more likely to be related to cutaneous respiration as a dual respiratory system.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.100.2-101
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• 2003

To satisfy the increasing medical demanding especially for sever burn patients to regenerate full thickness wound cure, this study developed dermis with gelatin based scaffold and perform the biocompatibility tests. To prepare scaffold 30% of gelatin was mixed with sieved salt and dried in the mold to shape then, cross linked with a water-soluble cross-linker, EDAC. Preparing the cell for seeding from a rabbit skin, the fibroblast and keratinocyte were successfully isolated and cultured in vitro. After cell and scaffold were ready, the fibroblast was seeded to the scaffold (∼10$\^$6/ cell/cm ) for preparing dermis and keratinocyte was cultured until forming the sheet. (omitted)

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.52
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• pp.3.1-3.8
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• 2022

Our purpose in this study is to analyze the microstructural characteristics and constituent elements of inorganic substances added to the yellow ink and red ink pigments used in permanent makeup. We observed the microstructural properties of inorganic pigments added to the ink using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and analyzed the constituent elements of the inorganic pigment particles using an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). In red wine-colored ink, cubic titanium dioxide with a diameter of 110 to 200 nm was the major component, and rod-shaped iron oxide was rarely observed. Most of the ingredients of taupe yellow ink were rod-shaped yellow iron oxide, and a small amount of cubic titanium dioxide was observed. Red wine-colored ink and taupe yellow ink contained lumps composed of titanium dioxide particles. In red wine-colored ink, lumps were formed by agglomeration. However, we observed that the surface of the lump composed of titanium dioxide in the taupe yellow ink had a smooth surface caused by external physical compression. The titanium dioxide particle mass which found in taupe yellow ink in this study is an artificial product. When this mass accumulates in the dermis, it may cause a color mismatch. Therefore, permanent makeup using fine pigments should be free of foreign substances that may cause trouble in the skin. In addition, there is a need to improve the quality of the ink so that the required color can be safe and long lasting in the dermis.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.117-128
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• 1997

Abdominal skin tissues of ICR mouse painted with Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) were observed to investigate the delayed type hypersensitivity of skin by chemical allergen as hapten. The abdominal skin tissues were obtained at hour 48 after secondary DNCB sensitization that were stained by Luna's method for mast cell, and immunohistochemical stain method for IL-2 receptor. The superficial perivascular lymphocytic aggregation were shown in basement membrane after DNCB secondary painting and the large size capillaries in dermis were appeared. The infiltration of lymphocyte to epithelium, the vacuolation of epithelial cell and intercellular space were increased. The number of mast cell in dermis was increased and these shape is degranulation type. The number of IL-2 receptor positive cell was increased in dermis. As results indicated that the hypersensitivy of immune system were induced by DNCB, subsequently to damage evoke inflammation in skin.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.493-500
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• 2003

This study was performed to determine the optimal dose of ozone for wound healing. Twenty Korean black goats were allocated to 4 groups. The skin wound with $1{\times}1cm$ was induced over the hoof. For 5 minutes per day, 0.1 ppm (Group I), 1 ppm (Group II) and 6 ppm (Group III) ozone gas was applied. In control group, 5 ml of normal saline was applied daily on the wound. Wound square was determined using color image analyzer at day 0, 4 and 14. Soft tissue depth of wound was determined using radiograph. Before the application of ozone gas, $1{\times}1cm$ of skin tissue was resected and observed for histopathologic findings. To determine the healing effect, $2{\times}1cm$ of wound tissue was resected and observed for histopathologic findings at day 14. In mean squares of wound, all experimental groups revealed more reduced mean squares than control group at day 4, and especially Group II (p<0.05) and Group III (p<0.05) revealed significant reduction. At day 14, Group I and Group II (p<0.05) revealed more reduced mean squares than control group, but Group III revealed less reduced mean squares than control group. In soft tissue depth of wound, all experimental groups and control group revealed swelling at day 4, compared with day 0. At day 14, all experimental groups and control group revealed reduction, compared with day 4, and especially Group II (p<0.05) revealed significant reduction. In histopathological findings, inflammation findings in epidermis and dermis, hemorrhagic finding in epidermis were revealed in control group. In Group I, inflammation finding was reduced, compared with control group. Formation of scab and many reepithelialization of epidermis were revealed. In Group II, inflammation findings in epidermis and dermis which were observed in control group were not found, normal skin tissue was revealed. In Group III, inflammation findings in epidermis and dermis were revealed, reepithelialization of epidermis was not founded. Slow healing process was observed, compared with Group I and II. It was concluded that Group II has excellent promotion effect of wound healing.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.206-216
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• 2014

To investigate the anti-photoaging effect of fermented Red Ginseng(RG) in SKH-1 mice. We examined the effects of extracts of non-fermented RG(NRG group), fermented RG(FRG group) and fortified fermented RG(FFRG group) on skin wrinkles formation, histological changes related to the number of epidermal cell layers, epidermal thickness, neutrophil infiltration into dermis, degradation of collagen fibers, and the number of mast cells, and immunohistochemical changes related to cytokines and enzymes in photoaging skin caused by UVB irradiation of SKH-1 mice. The oral administration(300 mg/Kg B.W./day) and topical application($100{\mu}{\ell}/mouse/day$) of extracts of NRG, FRG and FFRG inhibited increases in epidermal thickness and wrinkle formation compared to control group in dorsal skin induced by UVB irradiation. We observed more increased stainability of acid fuschin and aniline blue in dermis of FFRG group than those of other groups. Furthermore, NRG, FRG and FFRG prevented the disruption of collagen fibers within papillary layer of dermis, and decreased number of mast cells in the dorsal skins induced by UVB irradiation. We observed fine wrinkle formation in FFRG group. Treatment with NRG, FRG and FFRG decreased immunohistochemical density of myeloperoxidase related to inflammation in the photoaging skin. We observed more decreased immunohistochemical density of myeloperoxidase in FFRG group than those of other groups. Immunohistochemical density of PCNA and Ki-67 in FFRG group was more decreased than those of other groups. Our study suggests that fermented red ginseng extracts participates in inhibitory effects in the morphological processes related to photoaging skin on UVB irradiated SKH-1 mice.