• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.421-429
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• 2003

총 24 마리의 백서를 선택하여 종양화학요법제의 하나인 5-FU를 복강내 투여한후 24 시간이 지난후 8마리에서는 하복부 동맥 및 정맥을 근간으로 한 하복부 피부 도상피판($2{\times}3cm^2$)울 좌, 우 2 개씩 형성하고 피판을 허혈상태를 유도하여 유리피판상태를 만들었다. 허혈상태를 1 시간정도유지한후 다시 혈류를 재개시켜 피판으로의 혈류를 재개시키고 상처부를 층별봉합 하였다. 그 후 3 일, 5 일, 7 일째 각각 2마리씩 희생하여 H-E staining하였다. 또한 술후 1 일, 3 일, 5 일, 7 일째 피판생존을 육안으로서 확인하고 피판의 survival rate를 비교하기 위하여 사진촬영하여 digital image를 얻은후 adobe software program을 이용하여 Image, Histogram기능을 써서 60,000 pixels(가로${\times}200$, 세로${\times}300$)상태에서 피판의 Luminosity(광도)정도를 수치화하였다. 마찬가지의 술식으로 5-FU를 투여후 3일이 경과된후 8마리를 동일한 부위에 동일한 피판을 써서 3 일, 5 일째 각각 2 마리에 대해 피판을 채취하여 H-E staining 하여 조직현미경상의 치유과정을 관찰하였다. 대조군으로서 복강내 5-FU를 투여받지않은 백서 8마리에서 동일한 도상 피부피판을 형성하고 3 일, 5 일, 7 일째되는 2마리씩 피판부위를 채취하여 H-E염색하여 조직치유반응을 광학현미경으로 관찰하였고 상기와 동일한 방식으로 피판의 생존율을 계산하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1. 육안적 소견으로 치유의 순은 대조군, 항암 24 시간째군, 항암 3 일군순으로 빨리 치유되었다. 2. 피판생존율을 비교하기 위한 광도(Luminosity)의 차는 3군끼리 모두 유의한 차를 보였으며 평균치 비교에서는 대조군, 항암 24 시간째군, 항암 3 일군순으로 높았다. 3. 광학현미경상 조직치유의 정도는 5개 항목으로 나누어 관찰하였다. 전체적으로 대조군과 항암 24 시간군은 시일이 지날수록 치유가 되는 양상을 보였으나 항암 3 일군은 조직의 염증반응이 더 심해지는 양상을 보였다. epidermis necrosis관찰항목에서는 대조군에 비해 항암제투여군이 경도의 반응을 보였고 항암3 일군에서 가장 심하였다. Inflammation state는 3일째는 대조군에서 가장 높게 나타났으나 시일이 지남에 따라 감소한 반면 항암 3 일군은 시일이 지날수록 심해졌다. dermis fibrosis면에서는 항암 24 시간군에서 가장 크게 나타났다. vessel change는 대조군과 항암 24군에서는 거의 관찰되지 않았고 항암 3 일군에서는 중등도로 관찰되었다.fatty tissue layer thinning은 3 군모두에서 관찰되었고 항암 3 일군이 가장 심하게 나타났다. 이상의 실험결과를 보면 술전 항암제투여가 초기에 시행한 경우에는 조직의 치유에 초기 5 일정도까지는 영향을 미치나 7 일이 지나면 정상범주로 회복함을 알수 있었고 실험결과 항암제 투여후 3 일째 피판 형성한 군에서 피판치유가 늦어진 것으로 관찰되어 인체에서 항암 투여후 수술시기는 인체면역계가 회복하는 시기를 3주이상 경과후 적어도 4주째 수술시기를 정하는 것이 유리하리라 생각되었다.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2014

전극 접촉저항은 생리학적 측정에 중대한 인자이며, 전기적 임피던스 측정을 수행할 때 정확성에 제한적 요인이 될 수 있다. 생체전기임피던스 값들은 인간피부에 삽입되는 전극을 이용하여 하부 조직의 도전율과 유전율에 의해서 계산할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 피지, 각질층, 표피층, 진피, 피하조직 및 근육층의 인체 피부의 생리적 변화를 검출하는데 주안점을 두고 있으며, 피하조직에 삽입되는 전극의 최적설계를 위해 유한요소법을 사용하였다. 이를 위해 전극의 길이(50 mm, 70 mm), 재질(금), 모양(직사각형, 둥근사각, 육각기둥) 및 깊이(22.325 mm)에 따른 전극설계의 차이를 유한요소법을 통해 피하조직 층으로부터 얻어지는 정보를 바탕으로 기하학적으로 평가하였다. 생체임피던스 실험에서 전극모양과 인가전압에 따라서 피하조직에서 생체임피던스 차이가 가장 크게 나타남을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 모의실험은 피부의 전기적 임피던스 측정과 해석에 관한 물리적 현상뿐만 아니라 다른 형태의 전극 설계에 관한 특성들을 설명할 수 있을 것이다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.158-165
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• 2002

Background: Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) can cause contact allergy and occupational asthma, but the mechanism underlying sensitization to this chemical compound remains controversal. Also the correlation of mast cell with contact hypersensitivity (CHS) and the role of mast cell in the TDI-induced CHS is unknown. This issue was investigated by administrating TDI on the skin of genetically mast cell-deficient WBB6F1/$J-Kit^{W}/Kit^{W-v}$ ($W/W^{V}$) and congenic normal WBB6F1/J-Kit+/+ (+/+) mice. Methods: To development of animal model of TDI-induced CHS and to investigate the correlation of mast cell with CHS and the role of mast cell in the TDI-induced CHS, $W/W^V$ and +/+ mice were sensitized with TDI on the back skin at day 1 and day 8, and then challenged with 1% TDI on the ear at day 15. At 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after 1% TDI challenge, the ear thicknesses were measured. It was investigated the histologic changes of dermis in the ear of $W/W^V$ and +/+ mice at 24 hours after 1% TDI challenge. Results: TDI induced a significant ear swelling response in $W/W^V$ and +/+ mice. TDI induced the significant infiltrations of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and eosinophils in $W/W^V$ and +/+ mice, but not of mast cells in normal mice. And TDI increased a characteristic extent of mast cell degranulation in normal mice. There were no significant differences in the ear swelling and the infiltrations of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and eosinophils of normal versus $W/W^V$ mice, either at baseline or after TDI-induced CHS. Conclusion: From the above results, TDI can be used as a murine CHS model, and the mast cells may not be essential in TDI-induced CHS.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.150-160
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• 2017

아토피피부염은 만성 염증성 피부질환으로 습진성병변, 피부건조 및 가려움증의 특징적 증상을 보이는 질환이다. 현재 사용되고 있는 아토피피부염 치료약제들은 오래 사용시 여러 부작용이 있어서 이를 대신할 새로운 대체 치료법의 개발이 요구되고 있다. Curcumin은 항염, 항알러지와 같은 효과를 나타내는 천연 폴리페놀(polyphenol)이며, 발광다이오드(light emitting diode, LED) 광치료는 아토피피부염과 상처치유에 효과가 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 DNCB로 유도한BALB/c 마우스의 아토피피부염에서 curcumin 투여와 630 nm LED 조사를 병용하여 그 치료 효과를 높일 수 있는가를 조사하기 위해 시도하였다. 아토피피부염의 치료 효과를 조사하기 위해 modified SCORAD 지수, 조직병리학적 분석, 면역조직화학염색 및 TUNEL 검사를 사용하였다. 그 결과 curcumin 투여와 630 nm LED 조사가 각각 SCORAD 지수, 비만세포 및 탈과립세포의 수, 호산구 수, 표피세포의 증식능 및 자멸세포의 수를 의미 있게 감소시키고, 비만세포의 탈과립을 억제하여 섬유모세포에 의한 콜라겐 생성을 의미 있게 감소시켰으며, curcumin 투여와 LED 조사를 병용하였을 경우 단일 처리군에 비해 이들 수치가 의미 있게 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 아토피피부염 치료에 curcumin 투여와 LED 조사가 각각 효과가 있음을 의미하며, 병용 치료 시 그 효과가 좀 더 향상된다는 것을 의미하는 것으로, 아토피피부염의 대체치료 전략으로 curcumin 투여와 630 nm 조사의 병용 치료를 제안한다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.83-99
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• 2020

Objectives : Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with frequent relapses. This study was to investigate the effects of Gammakdaejo-tang(GMD) in DNCB induced atopic dermatitis mice. Methods : The study was divided into five comparion groups. 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene(DNCB) solution was applied to Nc/Nga mice to induce atopic dermatitis, followed by normal group, negative control group with distilled water, positive control group with Dexamethasione and GMD 200mg/kg or 400mg/kg. The control group was orally administered 200㎕ once daily for 4 weeks. Visual skin condition, Immunoglobulin E, Histamine, Cytokine, Immune cells, Tissue biomarkers were observed. Results : As a result of the dermatitis score evaluation, it was confirmed that the GMD-administered group improved symptoms compared to the negative control group. As a result of measuring IgE, the GMD-administered group significantly decreased compared to the negative control group. As a result of measuring Histamine, GMD group except 200mg/kg of GMD significantly decreased compared to negative control group. As a result of measuring cytokine, GMD 200mg/kg significantly reduced IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α compared to the negative control. 400mg/kg significantly reduced IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and significantly increased IL-2, IFNγ. As a result of confirming the immune cells, all experimental groups showed no difference in basophil, GMD group significantly reduced monocyte and eosinophil compared to negative control group, and GMD 400mg/kg group significantly reduced white blood cell and neutrophil. And significantly increased lymphocytes. As a result of measuring the gene expression level, all GMD group significantly increased TGF-β1 compared with the negative control group, and filaggrin, VEGF and EGF were significantly increased in GMD 400mg/kg group. Epidermis, dermis thickness, and eosinophil infiltration were found to be decreased in all GMD groups compared with the negative control group. Conclusions : GMD is effective in atopic dermatitis by reducing imbalance of immune response of T cells (Th1 / Th2) and reducing skin tissue damage and inflammatory response.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2008

Objectives: Galgeunhaegitang-gamibang(GH) and Samhwangseze-gamibang(SG) has been known that they are helpful for treatment of atopic dermititis clinically, but there is no report about the effect of GH and SG. So, author aimed to investigate the effects of GH and SG on atopic dermititis of NC/Nga mice. Methods : NC/Nga mice were divide into three group : normal, control, and experimental group. Atopic dermatitis was induced in the control and experimental group by spreading DNCB. Then GH was orally administered three times in a week for 8 weeks to the experimental group and SG was spreaded two times in a day for 8 weeks to the experimental group, while the control group was given normal saline. We observed changes of clinical skin severity score, serum IgE, IL-4, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IgM, IgGl, $IFN-{\gamma}$ and so on. We used one-way ANOVA test statistically(p<0.01). Results : Clinical skin severities of experiment group in 13 and 16weeks were significantly decreased by 48% and 55% compared to the control group. Serum IgE, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IgM, IgGl levels of experimental group were singnificantly decreased compared to the control group. Serum $IFN-{\gamma}$ level of the experimental group was significantly increased against control group. mRNA expression levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and CCR3 in the skin tissues of experimental group were significantly decreased compared to the control group. In contrary, $IFN-{\gamma}$y mRNA expression level were increased compared to the control group. Histological observation of the ear and skin tissues showed that the extents of inflammation and infiltrated immune cells in the epidermis and dermis of experimental group were highly deminished compared to the control group. Judging from that $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6 expression of gene, the effects of inflammatory cytokine revelation were significantly decreased compared to the control group. In the model inducing COX-2 activity in RAW 264.7 cell, COX-2 activity was significantly inhibited depending on the density of GH compared to the control serum. According to cell multiplication, examination of cell toxicity showed that GH is safe at the density of 10, 50, 100mg/l and even 1000mg/l. Conclusion : Accordin to the above results, it is considered that GH and SG is effective treatment for the atopic dermatitis.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2005

Objects : With the advancement of tissue engineering techniques, the effort to develop bioartificial mucosa have been actively delivered. The problem we met with this technique is the lack of mechanical strength between kerationocyte layer and dermal layer, where in the normal skin and mucosa, they are tightly bound with rete ridge structure. The purpose of this study is to understand the 2D and 3D structure of rete ridge of mucosa and skin paddle for rendering more biomimetic structure to the artificial mucosa. Materials and Methods : Oral mucosa and skin from the patients who received the oral surgery and maxillofacial reconstruction were harvested. The epidermis was separated from the dermis after treating with dispase for 12-16 hours. H&E staining was performed for 2D(dimensional) structure study and confocal LASER and SEM study were performed for 3D structure. Mean height(Sc) and arithmetic mean deviation(Sa) of all surface height were calculated. Results : The average height of rete ridge of skin flap was between $67.14{\mu}m$ and $194.55{\mu}m$. That of oral mucosa was between $146.26{\mu}m$ and $167.51{\mu}m$. Pressure bearing area and attached gingiva of oral mucosa showed deeper rete ridges. Conclusion : To obtain the adequate strength of artificially cultured keratinocyte skin and mucosa flap, it is necessary to imitate the original skin and mucosa structure, especially rete ridge. Through this study, 2D and 3D rete ridge structure of normal mucosa and skin was obtained. These results can be used as basis for substrate morphology for keratinocytes culture.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제39권11호
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• pp.897-903
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 냉온 자극요법의 열전달 특성을 정량적으로 파악하고자 한다. 축대칭 비압축성 Navier-Stokes 방정식 및 에너지 방정식의 해법을 위해 SIMPLE 알고리즘에 기반을 둔 유한체적법을 사용하였다. 혈액의 관류를 고려하기 위해 Pennes bio-heat 방정식을 추가로 적용하였다. 다양한 온도조건에 따른 피부 아래 각 지점에서의 열 침투양상을 분석하였다. 수치해석을 통하여 다양한 입력온도들에 대하여 역치 온도에 도달하는 영역들을 발견하였다. 또한, 페니스 효과로 인하여 피부 심부로 갈수록 외부 자극에 대한 온도변화가 완만함을 확인하였으며, 진피부분의 온도가 역치에 도달하기 위해서는 온 자극 및 냉 자극은 47도 및 7도 내외로 주어져야 함을 발견하였다. 본 논문의 수치해석을 통해 구축된 데이터베이스는 경혈 냉온 자극 치료기의 최적설계 시에 활용된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.1210-1218
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• 2007

Recently Atopic Dermatitis(AD) is increasing along with allergic disease. At present, there is no infallible cure for AD. Then AD patients undergo great suffering. This study is carried out to see whether or not the administering Danggwieumja(DG) along with Samhwangseje-gamibang(SG} as a medicine for external aplication, is effective in treating atopic dermatitis. To examine the effectiveness of the above prescription, the author made an observation of diverse immune responses. through the model of NC/Nga atopic mice. Results provided evidence that the DG administration along with SG can be used as a treatment means to atopic dermatitis. The results are as follows: The extent of Clinical skin severities in 13 and 16 week old NC/Nga mice treated with DG and SG, were reduced by 50.9%, 53.9% respectively, compared to the control NC/Nga mice with no drug treatment. IgE, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IgM and IgG1 levels in the serum of the NC/Nga mice treated with DG and SG were significantly decreased compared to those of the untreated control mice. In contrary, to the $IFN-{\gamma}$ level, significantly increased. The spleen weight of the NC/Nga mice treated with DG and SG significantly decreased compared to those of the untreated control mice. CCR3 gene expression in the skin tissue of NC/Nga mice treated with DG and SG were highly decreased, and the IL-6 expression significantly decreased, and the $IFN-{\gamma}$ gene expression increased compared to those of the untreated control mice. Histological observation of the ear and dorsal skin tissue of the NC/Nga mice treated with DG and SG, showed that the extents of inflammation and infiltrated immune cells in the epidermal tissue and dermis, were highly reduced compared to those of the untreated control mice. In the model inducing COX-2 activity in RAW 264.7 cell, the denser DG became, the more COX-2 activity was inhibited, compared to those of the untreated control group. $IL-1{\beta}$, and $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6 gene expression in RAW 264.7 cell with DG, significantly decreased, compared to those of the untreated control group. According to the assessment of cell toxicity in L929 cell, the rate of cell multiplication increased by 3% in consistency to 100ppm of DG compared to the untreated control group and in more than the 200 ppm consistency, cell toxicity was occurred.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.695-698
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• 2010

Purpose: Supernumerary nipple or polythelia is one of the developmental anomalies occurring at the embryonic stage and this anomaly usually arises from the milk line. While this atypical feature is determined during early developmental stage, it may not come out obviously or become troublesome until puberty or lactation. Moreover, sometimes it is confused with a pigmented nevus. Methods: Case 1, a 18-year-old woman with intramammary supernumerary breast consisted of another nipple with middle sized areola on the right lower breast was admitted for a $2.8{\times}3.1\;cm$-sized mass on the right breast which was starting appeared 1 year earlier. The preliminary cytological examination of the material obtained by needle aspiration biopsy from the mass was revealed by fibroadenoma with no malignant change. The patient had the surgical excision of the mass and accessory breast. Case 2, a 16 year-old woman admitted for intra-areolar polythelia of the left breast, even she doesn't have any family history of polythelia. Since she wanted surgical correction of her atypical nipple for aesthetic and psychological reasons, we reconstructed the areola using transposition flaps in an S-plasty design. Results: Case 1, the excised supernumerary nipple showed following histological features. In the superficial layer, an acanthotic and hyperpigmented epithelium with elongated rete ridges was found. In the dermis, there were follicles with hairs surrounded by hypertrophic sebaceous glands. In the deepest portion, abundant secretory glomerules and excretory ducts of apocrine gland type were observed. Case 2, follow-up visits 3 months after the procedure showed a satisfactory result with good shape and projection of the nipple. Conclusion: We report two cases of aberrant mammary tissue who underwent surgical correction, including complete breast (with nipple, areola, and glandular tissue) and intra-areolar polythelia according to the Kajava's classification, and the results were satisfactory.