• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.432-438
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• 2015

This study examined the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of bioactive compounds extracted from two starfish, Asterina pectinifera and Asterias amurensis, using solvent extraction after $Protamex^{TM}$ hydrolysis. Methanol and acetone fractions collected by stepwise extraction from specimens were subjected to silica gel column chromatography (SGCC) (200 mesh and 400 mesh), followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Two fractions (7:3 and 5:5 chloroform : methanol ratio, v/v) eluted using silica gel column chromatography from the two starfishes showed higher antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and dermatophyte fungi (Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum audouinii, Trichophyton ferrugineum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Trichophyton rubrum), antioxidant activity ($EDA_{50}$, mg/mL), and tyrosinase inhibitory activity compared to the other fractions. The final fractions obtained from Asterina pectinifera (RT 7.53, 8.93, and 10.48 min) and Asterias amurensis (RT 5.02 min) by SGCC (400 mesh) and HPLC from two SGCC fractions (200 mesh) showed 8.94 and 15.59 mg/mL antioxidant activity ($EDA_{50}$) and 46.89 and 40.19 % tyrosinase inhibitory activity, respectively. Extracts from starfishes are potential cosmetic basic material.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.151-158
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• 2017

In this study, the Rhus chinensis Mill was divided into bark and inner bark. The antimicrobial activity and the antioxidative activity of the extracts were investigated by using the organic solvent fractions after the extraction and concentration with ethanol. This study showed the possibility of functional materials such as raw materials for cosmetics and food supplements. This study was the antimicrobial activity and antioxidant activity of five microorganisms (S. aureus, E. coli, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, and P. ovale). The following conclusions were obtained. First, the antimicrobial activity of B. subtilis was found to be high in the ethanol extract of. Second, DPPH scavenging activity was 86.4% free radical scavenging activity at 2.5 mg/mL bark part and 61.9% free radical scavenging activity at 2.5 mg/mL in inner Rhus chinensis Mill bark part. The ABTS scavenging activity was 79.2% free radical scavenging at 1 mg/mL bark fraction and 63% free radical scavenging activity at 1 mg/mL in inner bark, and bark showed higher antioxidant activity than inner bark. These results suggested that the antimicrobial activity and antioxidant activity of Rhus chinensis Mill extract can be used as a natural material. Specific and diverse physiological activity studies are expected in the future.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.76-81
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• 2017

Studies on the concentration of airborne microorganisms in human medicine as a part of a study on the nosocomial infections have been conducted properly, but in veterinary medicine, there has been rarely performed in Korea to the best of study's knowledge. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the distribution of airborne microorganisms and to identify their species in different places in the animal hospital to alert the necessity of thorough cleanliness management. This study evaluated the concentrations of airborne bacteria and fungi in hospital areas, such as patient waiting room, internal medicine ward, surgical ward and radiological diagnostic ward. The concentration of bacteria and fungi was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in two operating rooms and higher in the patient waiting room. The dominant species of bacteria were Micrococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and fungi were Penicillium spp., Dermatophyte mold. Animal hospitals need to perform proper procedures for disinfection, sterilization, and environmental cleaning as well as appropriate employee training and monitoring in order to the maximum prevention of the risk of nosocomial and surgical infections.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.67-70
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• 2003

The biological effects of the crude extracts from medicinal plants, Brachyglottis monroi and Trichocolea hatcheri were investigated. The crude ethanol extract inhibited the growth of the Gram positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 19659, 1 mm inhibition zone at $150{\mu}g/disc$) and the dermatophyte Trichophyton mentagrophytes (ATCC 28185, 6 mm inhibition zone at $150{\mu}g/disc$), and was toxic to P388 murine leukaemia cells ($IC_{50}$ $23.96{\mu}g/mL$ at $75{\mu}g/disc$). B. monroi ethanol extract showed stronger antiviral activity than that of T. hatcheri against Herpes simplex Type I virus (ATCC VR 733) and Polio Type I virus (Pfizer vaccine strain) (50% activity, @ 5 mg/ml at $150{\mu}g/disc$). The crude ethanol extract of T. hatcheri showed stronger antimicrobial activity than that of B. monroi. However, this extract was inactive against P388 murine leukaemia cells.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.207-210
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• 2008

Trichophyton erinacei is a dermatophyte pathogen that infects both humans and hedgehogs. A two-month old female four-toed hedgehog presented to the Chonbuk Animal Medical Center with pruritus, excoriation and crust on her face for ten days. The owner of the hedgehog also exhibited the clinical signs of scaly erythema with fine vesicles on her neck. A presumptive diagnosis of dermatophytosis was made based on the results of an acetate tape preparation in which hyphae and chains of arthroconidia were observed. The crusts from the lesions were then cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar for identification. After 10 days of incubation, downy colored colonies that had a central umbo with a white granular surface and a yellow pigment ring in the reverse were observed. Microscopic analysis revealed the presence of numerous teardrop shaped microconidia singly attached to the sides of the hyphae. In addition, 2-6 roomed macroconidia that were somewhat irregular in shape and size were present, and abundant intermediate sized spores were observed between the micro and macro conidia. To confirm that the culture was T. erinacei, the internal transcribed spacer region of the 5.8S phase of the ribosomal RNA gene (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA) was amplified by PCR and then sequenced. A 679-base pair fragment of DNA was then compared with sequences in GenBank and found to be 99% homologous with sequences of T. erinacei (Z97997 and Z97996. The clinical signs were resolved after four weeks of treatment with oral and topical ketoconazole and chlorhexidine. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first case of T. erinacei isolated from a four-toed hedgehog in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.247-257
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• 2013

This study was to investigate the antifungal activity of Larix kaempferi essential oil against dermatophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum. The active components of L. kaempferi against dermatophytes were determined (characterized by GC-MS), and the morphological changes of the dermatophytes exposed to the L. kaempferi essential oil were observed by electron microscope. Main component of L. kaempferi essential oil was (-)-bornyl acetate. In antifungal activity tests, MIC of L. kaempferi crude oil was 125 ppm on every fungi and 100% (agar dilution method) at more than 500 ppm. By using SEM and TEM, the fungal morphology of E. floccosum exposed to the L. kaempferi essential oil was different from that of normal hyphal morphology. Hyphae exposed to the L. kaempferi essential oil was damaged with distorted and collapsed surfaces. In addition, there were destruction and disorganization of organelles in cytoplasm and collapse of cell membrane. Active antifungal components from L. kaempferi essential oil were identified as terpene alcohol compounds like (-)-${\tau}$-muurolol, (+)-terpinen-4-ol, ${\alpha}$-terpineol, and ${\alpha}$-cadinol.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.139-146
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• 2014

Accurate and rapid diagnosis of dermatophytosis, a disease whose prevalence has been steadily increased, is important for successful treatment. Current laboratory methods for diagnosing dermatophytosis rely on KOH mount and fungal culture method. However, these methods have low sensitivity and are time-consuming (2~4 weeks to diagnosis). In our previous study, a rapid molecular diagnostic assay (PCR-reverse blot hybridization assay, REBA) was developed to identify the following 6 main species of dermatophytes: Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, T. tonsurans, Microsporum canis, M. gypseum, and Epidermophyton floccosum. However, the REBA required more evaluation to validate its use in clinical examinations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and validate the ability of the PCR-REBA to successfully identify dermatophytes in clinical isolates from dermatophytosis patients. Both conventional identification methods and the PCR-REBA were used to assess the presence of species of dermatophytes in 148 clinical isolates. The results of the two approaches were compared, and discrepancies between the two approaches were resolved by fungal ITS1 sequence analysis. T. rubrum was the most prevalent dermatophyte identified by conventional identification methods (118/148, 79.7%) and the PCR-REBA (131/148, 88.4%). The overall rate of consistency between conventional identification methods and the PCR-REBA was 79.0% (117/148 samples). Fungal ITS1 sequence analysis showed that PCR-REBA results were correct for 93.5% (29/31) of the discrepant samples. The PCR-REBA is rapid, sensitive, and highly specific compared with conventional identification methods. Thus, the PCR-REBA is a potentially useful tool for identifying dermatophytes in clinical settings.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.11-15
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• 1977

The Present study was undertaken to evaluate the recent epidemiologic status in Seoul area by the cooperation of major 6 university hospitals. A total of 7221 patients with various forms of dermatophyte infections seen from July, 1972 to December, 1976 at the departments of dermatology of university hospitals of Seoul, Yonsei, Catholic, Korea, Ewha and Hanyang were analyzed statistically in regards to the age and sex prevalence, the frequency of various forms of dermatophytoses and the difference in yearly incidence by reviewing the patients' records. The results were as follows; 1. The percentage of the patients with dermatophytoses overall outpatients was 5.1%. 2. The distribution of various forms of dermatophytoses was tinea cruris in 38%, tinea pedis in 28%, tinea versicolor in 17%, tinea corporis in 10%, tinea manuum in 3%, onychomycosis in 2% and the tinea capitis in 1% in the order of frequency. 3. Male outnumbered female in about 2 : 1. In male the most frequent type was tinea cruris and in female, the tinea pedis. 4. Over 86% of the patients belonged to the age group below 39. Most patients with tinea capitis belonged to the age group below 19, wheras the overall peak incidene in various forms of dermatophytoses was in age group between 10 and 40. 5. There was no significant difference in yearly incidence throughout 5 years from 1972. to 1976 however, the tinea manuum seemed to be increasing every year.