• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.56-60
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• 2021

In recent decades, tissue engineering advances have led to more skin substitutes becoming available. Acellular dermal matrix, initially developed for use in the treatment of full-thickness burns, is made by removing the cellular components from the dermis collected from donated bodies or animals. This class of scaffold is used to replace skin and soft tissue deficiencies in a variety of fields, including breast reconstruction, abdominal wall reconstruction, and burn treatment. Herein, we provide a detailed review of the clinical applications of acellular dermal matrix.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.267-271
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• 1997

We developed a dermal equivalent (DE) which was engineered using human dermal fibroblasts and a matrix of collagen gel. The in vitro construction of the DE was accomplished by casting a porcine collagen type I solution plus concentrated medium with isolated and cultured fibroblasts. These constructs were attached to culture dishes or left floating in culture medium. Contraction of attached gels results in decreased gel thickness without a change in gel diameter, and contraction of floating gels results in decreased gel thickness and diameter. After contraction, there was no increase in cell number in floating gels, but cells in attached gels began to increase after about 4 days of the lag phase in cell growth curve. At this lag phase, addition of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) at a concentration of $0.1{\mu}$/ml promoted cell proliferation in the attached collagen gels, but no effect in floating gels. These results indicate that the method of contraction had an influence on the extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, and this influenced not only cell growth but also fibroblast responsiveness to FGF. This suggests that attached collagen gel is more suitable as a dermal equivalent than the floating gel. And the final contracted area of attached gel is much larger than that of the floating gel since floating gel is contracted in all directions but attached gel is contracted only vertically.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.140-149
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• 2016

All pesticides must be assessed strictly whether safe or not when agricultural operators are exposed to the pesticides in farmland. A pesticide is commonly regarded as safe when estimated dermal absorption amount is lower than the acceptable operator's exposure level (AOEL). In this study, dermal absorption rate of chlorpyrifos, a widely used organophosphate insecticide, was investigated using rat dermal tissue model. Chlorpyrifos wettable powder solved in water (250, 500 and 2,500 ppm) was applied to freshly excised rat dermal slices ($341{\sim}413{\mu}m$ thickness) on static Franz diffusion cells at $32^{\circ}C$ for 6 hours. After exposure period of 6 hours, and then washing-at residual amount of chlorpyrifos was analyzed in dermal tissues, tape strips, washing solution, washing swabs of receptor bottles and receptor fluids at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 hours. Chlorpyrifos was only detected in dermal tissue but not found in receptor fluid at each concentration and time point, and the absorption rate of 250, 500 and 2,500 ppm was 2.36%, 1.96% and 1.69%, respectively. The estimated exposure level of chlorpyrifos was calculated as 0.012 mg/kg bw/day. The health risk for farmers in this condition is a level of concern because the estimated exposure level is 12 times higher than AOEL 0.001 mg/kg bw/day. However, actual health risk will be alleviated than estimated because absorbed chlorpyrifos is not permeated into internal body system and only retained in skin layer.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.673-678
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• 2014

Background The depth of graft harvest and the residual dermis available for reepithelization primarily influence the healing of split-skin graft donor sites. When the thigh region is chosen, the authors hypothesize based on thickness measurements that the anterolateral region is the optimal donor site. Methods Full-thickness skin specimens were sampled from the anteromedial, anterior, and anterolateral regions of human cadavers. Skin specimens were cut perpendicularly with a custom-made precision apparatus to avoid the overestimation of thickness measurements. The combined epidermal and dermal thicknesses (overall skin thickness) were measured using a digital calliper. The specimens were histologically stained to visualize their basement membrane, and microscopy images were captured. Since the epidermal thickness varies across the specimen, a stereological method was used to eliminate observer bias. Results Epidermal thickness represented 2.5% to 9.9% of the overall skin thickness. There was a significant difference in epidermal thickness from one region to another (P<0.05). The anterolateral thigh region had the most consistent and highest mean epidermal thickness ($60{\pm}3.2{\mu}m$). We observed that overall skin thickness increased laterally from the anteromedial region to the anterior and anterolateral regions of the thigh. The overall skin thickness measured $1,032{\pm}435{\mu}m$ in the anteromedial region compared to $1,220{\pm}257{\mu}m$ in the anterolateral region. Conclusions Based on skin thickness measurements, the anterolateral thigh had the thickest epidermal and dermal layers. We suggest that the anterolateral thigh region is the optimal donor site for split-skin graft harvests from the thigh.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.672-675
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to document the surgical methods used in infants with aplasia cutis congenita treated with allogenic dermal matrix and cultured epithelial autografts. Methods: The large defects in both lower legs were replaced with allogenic dermal matrix to avoid the postoperative hypertrophic scar contracture and a full-thickness skin biopsy was taken from right groin area simultaneously. We sent the specimen to a commercial laboratory for culture and obtained cultured epithelial autografts($Holoderm^{(R)}$) after 2 weeks, placed it over the allogenic dermal matrix. Results: The skin-defected area were nearly epithelialized after 2 weeks and there were no significant problem on during 6 months follow-up. Conclusion: The surgical method using allogenic dermal matrix and cultured epithelial autograft provided an excellent coverage of large skin defects of infant with aplasia cutis congenita.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to determine the hair growth effects of lavender oil (LO) in female C57BL/6 mice. The experimental animals were divided into a normal group (N: saline), a vehicle control group (VC: jojoba oil), a positive control group (PC: 3% minoxidil), experimental group 1 (E1: 3% LO), and experimental group 2 (E2: 5% LO). Test compound solutions were topically applied to the backs of the mice ($100{\mu}L$ per application), once per day, 5 times a week, for 4 weeks. The changes in hair follicle number, dermal thickness, and hair follicle depth were observed in skin tissues stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and the number of mast cells was measured in the dermal and hypodermal layers stained with toluidine blue. PC, E1, and E2 groups showed a significantly increased number of hair follicles, deepened hair follicle depth, and thickened dermal layer, along with a significantly decreased number of mast cells compared to the N group. These results indicated that LO has a marked hair growth-promoting effect, as observed morphologically and histologically. There was no significant difference in the weight of the thymus among the groups. However, both absolute and relative weights of the spleen were significantly higher in the PC group than in the N, VC, E1, or E2 group at week 4. Thus, LO could be practically applied as a hair growth-promoting agent.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.25-28
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• 2022

The authors performed rigid reconstruction using the sandwich technique for full-thickness chest wall defects by using two layers of acellular dermal matrix and bone cement. We assessed six patients who underwent chest wall reconstruction. Reconstruction was performed by sandwiching bone cement between two layers of acellular dermal matrix. In all patients, there was no defect of the overlying soft tissue, and primary closure was performed for external wounds. The average follow-up period was 4 years (range, 2-8 years). No major complications were noted. The sandwich technique can serve as an efficient and safe option for chest wall reconstruction.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.592-600
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• 2006

Purpose: Numerous materials, both autologous and nonautologous, have been used for augmentation of sunken areas, but they have their own limitations. The purpose of this study is to determine the histologic response and volume change of the xenogenic collagen-based scaffold($Terudermis^{(R)}$) to the transfer into a subcutaneous soft tissue location in vivo rabbit model. Methods: Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits were used. Three $1.2{\times}1.2cm$ sized subcutaneous pockets were created on the dorsal surface of each ear. $1{\times}1cm$ sized collagen matrix($Terudermis^{(R)}$) and autologous dermal graft were implanted into each pocket. Full thickness of ear was harvested in 3 days, 1, 2, 4 weeks, 3, 6 months after implantation. Results: Histological analysis of implants demonstrated progressive neovascularization, fibroblast infilteration, neocollagen bundle synthesis and organization, and few foreign body reaction. The thickness of the collagen matrix in 3 days after the operation was 87.69% of the thickness of the collagen matrix in wet state. Then it decreased to 30.17% in 6 months after the operation. The rate of decrease was similar at all points at the same time compared with autologous dermal graft. Conclusion: Our experimental study suggests that $Terudermis^{(R)}$ could be a safe material as an implant for permanent augmentation in subcutaneous tissue. However the choice of graft for augmentation should be remained to the clinical situations.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.234-237
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• 2017

Paraffinoma is a destructive complication of paraffin oil injection, usually associated with massive tissue destruction, thus requiring radical surgery and subsequent complex reconstruction. Although breast and penile paraffinomas have been widely described and their management is quite standardized, paraffinomas of the knee are still rare and only few case reports or small case series are available in the current literature. We describe the case of a 77-year-old man with a large paraffinoma of the right knee that occurred after self-injection of paraffin oil, 58 years before. He underwent wide surgical resection of the soft tissues overlying the knee and subsequent two-stage reconstruction by using acellular dermal matrix and, after 20 days, split-thickness skin grafts. Follow-up after 16 months showed no signs of skin ulcerations or inflammation, with an overall improvement in function. Even though conventional flap reconstructions may be still useful, the authors believe that acellular dermal matrices represent a safe, reliable, and less invasive alternative for challenging soft tissue reconstructions even in elderly patients with multiple medical problems.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.418-423
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• 2016

Background Skin grafting is a relatively simple and thus widely used procedure. However, the elastic and structural quality of grafted skin is poor. Recently, various dermal substitutes have been developed to overcome this disadvantage of split-thickness skin grafts. The present study aims to determine the feasibility of RapiGraft as a new dermal substitute. Methods This prospective study included 20 patients with partial- or full-thickness skin defects; the patients were enrolled between January 2013 and March 2014. After skin defect debridement, the wound was divided into two parts by an imaginary line. Split-thickness skin grafting alone was performed on one side (group A), and RapiGraft and split-thickness skin grafting were used on the other side (group B). All patients were evaluated using photographs and self-questionnaires. The Manchester scar scale (MSS), a chromameter, and a durometer were used for the scar evaluation. The average follow-up period was 6 months. Results The skin graft take rates were 93% in group A and 89% in group B, a non-significant difference (P=0.082). Statistically, group B had significantly lower MSS, vascularity, and pigmentation results than group A (P<0.05 for all). However, the groups did not differ significantly in pliability (P=0.155). Conclusions The present study indicates that a simultaneous application of RapiGraft and a split-thickness skin graft is safe and yields improved results. Therefore, we conclude that the use of RapiGraft along with skin grafting will be beneficial for patients requiring reconstructive surgery.