• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.11
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• pp.137-141
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• 1969

In order to obtain amino acids and nucleic acid derivatives from adenine auxotrophic mutants of Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli, vitamin, nucleic acid analogue, streptomycin as well as ultraviolet light were adopted for the production of adenine auxotrophic mutants and the results showed efficient production of desired mutants. 1. Ultraviolet ray $(2530\;{\AA}\;2080\;erg/mm^2)$ irradiation to Bacillus subtilis and E. coli at a distance of 30 cm for 80-90 sec. and for 15-20 sec. respetively induced four and eight strains of auxotrophic mutants. 2. Treatment of aminopterine$(200\;{\mu}g/ml)$ inhibited the growth of Bacillus sultilis significantly but a subsequent irradiation of ultraviolet light at the above mentioned conditions induced six times as much mutants as compared to the irradiation alone. In case of E. coli a similar tendency was observed with treatment of streptomycin$(200\;{\mu}g/ml)$ with doubled induction rate of adenine auxotrophic mutants as compared to the irradiation alone.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2007

The fruiting body of Phellinus linteus was extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH, and the concentrated extract was partitioned with EtOAc, n-BuOH and $H_2$O. The repeated silica gel and ODS column chromatographies of the EtOAc fraction led to isolation of four sterols. From the result of spectral data including NMR, MS and IR, the chemical structures of the sterols were determined as ergosta-7,24(28)-dien-3${\beta}$-ol (episterol, 1), 5${\alpha}$,8${\alpha}$-epidioxyergosta-6,9(11),22-trien-3${\beta}$-ol (dehydrop-eroxyergosterol, 2), 5${\alpha}$,8${\alpha}$-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3${\beta}$-ol (ergoterol peroxide, 3), and $3{\beta}$,$5{\alpha}$-dihydroxy-6${\beta}$-methoxyergosta-7,22-diene (6-O-methylcerevisterol, 4). The ergosterols have been first isolated from this mushroom in this study.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.499-505
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• 2013

Cr(VI)-4-(dimethylamino)pyridine[4-(dimethylamino)pyridinium chlorochromate] was synthesized by the reaction of 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine with chromium trioxide in 6M-HCl, and characterized by IR, ICP. The oxidation of benzyl alcohol using 4-(dimethylamino)pyridinium chlorochromate in various solvents showed that the reactivity increased with the increase of the dielectric constant(${\varepsilon}$), in the order: cyclohexene$H_2SO_4$ solution), 4-(dimethylamino)pyridinium chlorochromate oxidized benzyl alcohol and its derivatives(p-$OCH_3$, m-$CH_3$, H, m-$OCH_3$, m-Cl, m-$NO_2$) smoothly in DMF. Electron-donating substituents accelerated the reaction, whereas electron acceptor groups retarded the reaction. The Hammett reaction constant(${\rho}$) was -0.68(303K). The observed experimental data was used to rationalize the hydride ion transfer in the rate-determining step.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.314-320
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• 2004

Soluble aromatic polyimides bearing 4-(4-oxyalkyleneoxystyryl)- pyridines (ethylene and hexylene) as photoreactive side groups were synthesized and characterized. The photoreactive polymers were soluble in various polar organic solvents and their films were easily formed by solution casting. The photoreactivities of the polymers in the film state were approximately 64% at an exposure energy of 1.5 J/$\textrm{cm}^2$. Transmittances of the polymer films were about 85% after annealing at 20$0^{\circ}C$. Therefore, these polymers can be evaluated to be photoreactive polyimides with good transparency and solubility. The dichroic ratios of the polymers with ethylene and hexylene groups as the alkylene spacers were 0.023 and 0.026, respectively. The order parameters of 4'-pentyl-4-bipheny1carbonitrile as a liquid crystal (LC) in the film cells of the former and latter polymers were 0.50 and 0.52, respectively. These results indicate that the polymers show the effect of alkylene spacer on the photoalignments. The LC in the film cells of the polymers was perpendicularly oriented to the electric vector of the linear polarized UV light (LPUVL).

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.36-40
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• 2005

Poly(amino acid) derivatives have been widely investigated as a drug carrier in drug delivery system. Particularly,polysuccinimide (PSI) is one of the most promising drug carriers since it possesses suitable physicochemical characteristics for development of macromolecular prodrugs, due to biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this study, we deal with the synthesis of polyaspartamide having various functional groups such as methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG) via ring closing of PSI. PSI was synthesized by polyonensation polymerization of spartic acid. The variety of average molecular weight was confirmed with reacion time and catalyst content to observe the optimum condition of synthesis. MPEG, hydrophilic chain, was bonded to fabricate polymeric micell composed of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymer. All materials were characterized by 1H-NMR, FT-IR and GPC. In addition, the formation of nanoparticle micelle as drug carrier were also examined. Micelle size was measured by ELS and AFM. The functionalized polysparamide formed nanoparticle micelle whose size ranged from 90 to 130 nm. In conclusion, we prepared polyaspartamide functionalized with PEG examined the possibility as drug carriers.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.700-704
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• 2007

In the recent, increased concern has been focused on the pharmacology and clinical utility of herbal extracts and derivatives as a drug or adjunct to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Here we investigated the role of the extract of Anethi Fructus in the expression of inflammatory mediators, surface molecule, and related receptors in vitro. In murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages of C57BL/6N mice, water extract of Anethi Fructus increased the production of secretary tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a and Nitric oxide (NO), and the expression level of CD14, LPS co-receptor and CD86, co-stimulatory molecule compared to negative natural extract ex vivo. The water extract of Anethi Fructus increased the production of interferon (IFN)-g from splenocytes. Also, water extract of Anethi Fructus increased ConA-induced cell proliferation. These results suggest that water extract of Anethi Fructus may enhance the immune response through immune modulation of macrophage and lymphocytes.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.253-258
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• 2006

LDD175(4-choloro-7-trifluoromethyl-10H-benzo[4,5]furo[3,2-b]indole-l-carboxylic acid) is one of benzofuroindole derivatives that act as a potent $BK_{Ca}$ channel openers. In the process of testing LDD175 as a new drug candidate, an acute toxicity study was carried out in mice. The mice were administered LDD175 intraperitoneally at dose of 0.2, 1, 10, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800mg/kg and orally at dose of 10, 100, 400, 800mg/kg body weight. After administering LDD175, the vital organs such as the liver, kidney and spleen were carefully observed for any significant pathological features or differences from the norm over a l4-day period. LDD175 did not induce any short-term toxicity at doses less than 100mg/kg. A $LD_{50}$ of LDD175 was 2493mg/kg in male mice and 4908mg/kg in female mice. Weight reduction was observed at a dose of 800mg/kg in male, and 400 and 800mg/kg in female. The kidney weight decreased in females after an intraperitoneal injection of LDD175 high dose(>400mg/kg, i.p.), and the spleen weight increased in the male(800mg/kg, i.p.) and female(400mg/kg, i.p.) mice. Inspite of the change in organ weights, there were neither histopathological changes nor any gross morphological abnormalities detected in any organ. LDD175 did not produce significant changes in the general behavior at doses of <200mg/kg, but decreased locomotor activity was observed at an intraperitoneal dose of 400mg/kg. Its effects on the locomotor activity and activity on the rotarod were tested and compared with the effects of diazepam 5mg/kg. The decrement in the locomotor activity and the activity on the rotarod induced by LDD175 was less serious than it by diazepam.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.282-286
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• 2002

Objectives : The level of 4-hydroxyproline (4-Hyp) in human urine was measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector. This method is useful for medical examinations and investigating the radicals induced by physical, chemical, mental stresses. This method is superior to many published several methods in terms of its low cost and ability to analyze many samples. Methods : The urine from workers in a tire manufacturing company (22 male pre- and post-shift workers) and 18 office-workers as controls were analyzed. Data concerning age, the cumulative drinking amount and the cumulative smoking amount was collected with a questionnaire. The optimum applied amount of dansyl-Cl, the optimum reaction temperature and time, the recoveries and the optimum pH of the eluent and buffer were determined.4-Hyp from human urine was derivatized with dansyl-Cl (dimethylamino-naphthalene-1-sulfonyl chloride) after removing the a-amino acid by a treatment with phthalic dicarboxaldehyde (OPA) and cleaned with Bond Elut C18 column. The 4-Hyp derivatives were separated on a reversed phase column by gradient elution with a phosphate buffer (5 mmol, pH 8.0) and acetonitrile, and detected by fluorescence measurements at 340 nm (excitation) and 538 nm (emission). Results : The detection limit for the urinary free 4-Hyp was $0.364{\mu}mol/l$. The recovery rate of 4-Hyp was 99.7%, and the effective pH of the phosphate buffer and borate buffer were 3.0 and 8.0, respectively. From statistical analysis, age, drinking and smoking did not affect the urinary free 4-Hyp in both the controls and workers. The range of urinary 4-Hyp in the controls, pre-shift, and post-shift workers were 0.33-16.44, N.D-49.06, and $0.32-56.27{\mu}mol/l$. From the pared-sample t-test, the urinary 4-Hyp levels in post-shift workers ($11.82{\pm}6.73\;nmmol/mg\;Cre$) were 2-fold higher than in pre-shift workers ($5.36{\pm}5.53\;nmol;/mg\;Cre$) and controls ($4.91{\pm}4.89\;nmol;/mg\;Cre$). Conclusions : This method was developed with high sensitivity, accuracy, and precision. The present method was effectively applied to analyze the urinary free 4-Hyp in both controls and workers.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.328-333
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• 2014

Folate is a water-soluble vitamin B that is required for the synthesis of amino acids and nucleic acids. It plays an important role in cell division and cell growth in several living organisms. The purpose of this study was to screen strong folate-synthesizing bacteria and to optimize their culture conditions for folate production. Folate production was quantified by microbiological assays by using folate-dependent strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus KCTC 3237. Folate derivatives were identified by LC-MS/MS. Of the 65 strains of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli tested, L. plantarum Fol 708 demonstrated the greatest ability to produce folate. Its optimal pH for folate production was 5.5 in a pH-controlled, lab-scale fermenter. Coculturing L. plantarum Fol 708 with L. brevis GABA 100 in a milk medium enhanced the level of folate produced in comparison to culturing L. plantarum Fol 708 alone.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.587-593
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• 1998

To elucidate anti-tumor promoter from seaweed, the anti-tumor promoting activity of Ecklonia stolonifera, Undaria pinnatifida and Laminaria japonica extracts were determined by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-early antigen (EA) induction caused by a tumor promoter, teleocidin B-4. The methanol extracts of seaweed were subsequently fractionated with diethyl ether, distilled water, chloroform and ethyl acetate. Among the solvent fractions tested, chloroform and ethyl acetate fraction of E. stolonifera showed a high anti-tumor promoting activity at the levels of 88.0 and $85.9\%$ by the addition of 20 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$, respectively. To characterize anti-tumor promoters from solvent fractions of E. stolonifera, the effects of phenols, chlorophyll derivatives and carotenoids on the anti-tumor promoting activity were investigated. Phenols, such as bromophenol and phloroglucinol showed anti-tumor promoting activity of $57\~66\%$ at 20 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Pigments, such as chlorophylls and carotenoids exerted high anti-tumor promoting activities. Chlorophyll a and pheophorbide a exhibited the activity of $77.4\%$ and $66.6\%$ at 5${\mu}M/m{\ell}$, respectively. The active compounds of carotenoids were tentatively identified as lutein and $\alpha-cryptoxanthin$ from the profiles of visible spectra and R_f value of their authentic compounds, and showed anti-tumor promoting activities of $76.9\%$ and $84.4\%$ at dose of 20 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$, respectively.