• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권9호
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• pp.1162-1167
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• 2008

홍화씨를 이용한 골다공증 및 고지혈증 예방용 건강기능식품을 개발하기 위한 연구의 일환으로 홍화씨의 소화성, 기능성 및 기호성을 증대시킬 수 있는 방안으로 발아홍화씨를 제조하여 일반성분 및 기능성성분(지방산, tocopherols, 수용성아미노산 및 페놀화합물)의 함량을 홍화씨와 비교 분석하였다. 홍화씨는 발아하면서 조단백질과 조지방은 감소한 반면, 가용성 무질소물, 조섬유소 및 회분은 다소 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며, linoleic 및 oleic aicds가 약 80% 이상 거의 대부분을 차지하고 있었으며, 그 외 palmitic, stearic 및 arachidic acids가 주요 지방산으로 나타났고, 발아에 따른 지방산의 조성 비율은 거의 변화가 없었다. 홍화씨와 발아홍화씨의 $\alpha$-tocopherol 함량은 각각 744.7 및 809.0 mg%로서 발아 후 64.3 mg% 증가하였으며, 홍화씨의 주된 아미노산으로 asparagine, arginine, proline, glutamic acid가 차지하고 있었으며, 발아함에 따라 그들의 함량이 크게 증가하였고, 특히 threonine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, lysine 및 histidine 등의 필수아미노산 함량이 크게 증가하였다. 홍화씨에는 3종의 리그난(8'-hydroxyarctigenin 4'-O-$\beta$-D-glucoside, 8'-hydroxyarctigenin 및 matairesinol)과 4종의 세로토닌유도체[N-feruloylserotonin 5-O-$\beta$-D-glucoside, N-feruloylserotonin, N-(pcoumaroyl)-serotonin 5-O-$\beta$-D-glucoside, N-(p-coumaroyl)serotonin] 그리고 2종의 플라보노이드(acacetin 7-O-$\beta$-D-glucuronide, acacetin) 화합물이 존재하였으며, 발아함에 따라 세로토닌유도체를 함유한 모든 페놀화합물의 함량은 다소 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 이와 같이 홍화씨를 발아함에 따라 섬유소 및 유용 기능성성분의 증가와 더불어 설사를 유발하는 고미성분의 감소 그리고 소화성 및 기호성을 떨어뜨리는 홍화씨 껍질의 분리 및 효율성 확대를 이룰 수 있기에 향후 발아홍화씨는 항골다공증 및 항고지혈증 건강기능식품 소재로서 개발 가능성이 높다고 사료된다.

• ALGAE
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.359-377
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• 2017

Pyropia haitanensis (T. J. Chang et B. F. Zheng) N. Kikuchi et M. Miyata is one of the most commercially useful macroalgae cultivated in southeastern China. In red algae, the biosynthesis of terpenoids through 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway can produce a direct influence on the synthesis of many biologically important metabolites. In this study, two genes of cDNAs, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) and 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductase (DXR), which encoding the first two rate-limiting enzymes among MEP pathway were cloned from P. haitanensis. The cDNAs of P. haitanensis DXS (PhDXS) and DXR (PhDXR) both contained complete open reading frames encoding polypeptides of 764 and 426 amino acids residues, separately. The expression analysis showed that PhDXS was significant differently expressed between leafy thallus and conchocelis as PhDXR been non-significant. Additionally, expression of PhDXR and its downstream gene geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase were both inhibited by fosmidomycin significantly. Meanwhile, we constructed types of phylogenetic trees through different algae and higher plants DXS and DXR encoding amino acid sequences, as a result we found tree clustering consequences basically in line with the "Cavalier-Smith endosymbiotic theory." Whereupon, we speculated that in red algae, there existed only complete MEP pathway to meet needs of terpenoids synthesis for themselves; Terpenoids synthesis of red algae derivatives through mevalonate pathway came from two or more times endosymbiosis of heterotrophic eukaryotic parasitifer. This study demonstrated that PhDXS and PhDXR could play significant roles in terpenoids biosynthesis at molecular levels. Meanwhile, as nuclear genes among MEP pathway, PhDXS and PhDXR could provide a new way of thinking to research the problem of chromalveolata biological evolution.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1999

Large-scale cultures of plant cell, tissue, and organ have been achieved by using BTBB. When different sized BTBBs (5 L, 20 L, 100 L, 300 L, and 500 L) were tested for the culture of yew cells (Taxus cuspidata Sieb. et Zucc.), cell growth increment reached to 94.5% in SCV after 24 days of culture with 30% of inoculation cell density. However, there were some variations in the production of taxol and its derivatives among the BTBBs of different size. Approximate 4 ㎎/l of taxol and 84 ㎎/l of total taxanes were obtained by using a 500L BTBB after 6 weeks of culture. With a 20L BTBB, about 20,000 cuttings of virus-free potatoes (cv. Dejima) could be obtained by inoculating 128 explants and maintaining 8 weeks under 16 hr light illumination. The frequency of ex vitro rooting of the cuttings revealed as more than 99% under 30% shade. By incorporating two-stage culture process consisting of multiple bulblet formation in solid medium and bulblet development in liquid medium, mass propagation of lily through bioreactor seemed to be possible. In the case of 'Marcopolo', the growth of mini-bulblets in BTBB was nearly 10 folds faster than that of the solid medium. Time course study revealed that maximum MAR yield of ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) in a 5 L and 20 L BTBB after 8 weeks of culture was 500 g and 2.2 ㎏, respectively. By cutting the MAR once and/or twice during the culture, the yield of root biomass could be increased more than 50% in fresh weight at the time of harvest. With initial inoculum of 500 g of sliced MAR in a 500 L BTBB, 74.8 ㎏ of adventitious root mass was obtained after 8 weeks of culture. The average content of total ginseng saponin obtained from small-scale and/or pilotscale BTBBs was approximately 1% per gram dry weight. Based on our results, we suggest that large-scale cultures of plant cell, tissue, and organ using BTBB system should be quite a feasible approach when compared with conventional method of tissue culture.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

본 연구는 건축 및 내구재용 목재인 편백 목재에 붕소/실리콘 졸 화합물을 처리한 후 화재위험성을 연기 유해성에 대하여 연기성능지수(SPI), 연기성장지수(SGI)와 연기강도(SI)를 중심으로 조사하였다. 화합물은 Tetraethoxyorthosilicate를 Boronic acid와 Boric acid 유도체와 반응시켜 합성하였다. 연기 특성은 편백목재에 대하여 Cone calorimeter (ISO 5660-1) 장비를 이용하여 조사하였다. 화재강도는 50 kW/㎡의 외부 열 유속(External heat flux)으로 고정시켰다. 연소 반응 후 측정된 연기성능지수는 편백목재와 비교하여 13.4~126.7% 증가하였다. 연기성능지수에 의한 화재위험성은 편백목재, PBA/Si, IBBA/Si, BA/Si 순서로 감소하였다. 연기성장지수는 편백목재와 비교하여 12.0~57.5% 감소하였다. 연기성장지수에 의한 화재위험성은 편백목재, PBA/Si, IBBA/Si, BA/Si 순서로 낮아졌다. 연기강도에 의한 화재위험성은 3.2~57.8% 감소하였으며 편백목재, PBA/Si, IBBA/Si, BA/Si 순서로 낮아졌다. CO_peak 농도는 85~93 ppm였으며 공시편과 비교하여 37~43% 감소하였다. 화재위험성을 연기유해성에 대해 종합적으로 평가하면 편백목재, PBA/Si, IBBA/Si, BA/Si순서로 낮아졌다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.307-319
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• 1977

Thiourea derivative인 $N-({\alpha}-dimethyl\;{\beta}-hydroxy)ethyl\;N'-cyclohexyl\;thiourea,\;C_{ll}H_{22}N_2OS)$의 결정 및 분자구조를 X-선 회절법으로 해명하였다. 이 화합물의 결정은 공간군 $P_{bca}$에 속하는 orthorhombic 형으로 a = 10.33(3), b = 11.82(3), c = 22.57(4)${\AA}$ 이고 Z = 8이다. Weissenberg 사진촬영으로 얻은 회절반점의 총수는 1414개이며 중원자법을 이용하여 구조해명을 한 후 최소자승법으로 정밀화하였으며 최종 R값은 0.13이다. Cyclohexane ring은 normal chair conformation을, thiourea 부분은 평면을 이루고 있다. 일차 알코올의 hydroxyl group은 N(2)원자와 분자내 수소결합을 이뤄서 전체분자를 안정화시키고 있다. 분자들은 결정내에서 수소결합과 van der Waals힘으로 서로 결합되어 있다. 분자내 수소결합 N(2)-H${\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}$O는 강한 수소결합으로 N${\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}$O 길이는 2.71${\AA}$이고, 분자간 수소결합 O${\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}$H${\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}$S의 O${\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}$S 길이는 3.02${\AA}$으로 b축에 나란하다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.428-435
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• 1988

Isonitrosoacetylacetone 및 여러가지 디아민으로 부터 유도된 리간드와의 니켈(Ⅱ) 및 팔라듐(Ⅱ) 착물들, 즉, $Ni(IAA)_2-en$, $Ni(IAA)_2-pn$, $Ni(IAA)_2-tn$, Pd(IAA)$_2$-en, PdCl(IAA)-pn, 그리고 Pd(IAA)$_2$-tn을 합성하였다. 여기서 (IAA)$_2$-en, (IAA)$_2$-pn, (IAA)$_2$-tn, 그리고 (IAA)-pn 은 각각 N,N'-enthylenbis(isonitrosoacetylacetone imine), N,N'-propylenebis(isonitrosoacetylacetone imine), N,N'-trimethylenebis(isonitrosoacetylacetone imine), 그리고 N-(2-aminopropyl)isonitrosoacetylacetone imine 을 표시한다. 합성된 이들 니켈(Ⅱ) 및 팔라듐(Ⅱ) 착물들의 원소분석, 적외선 스펙트럼, 핵자기공명스펙트럼, 그리고 전자스펙트럼등을 측정한 결과, $Ni(IAA)_2$-tn 및 Pd(IAA)$_2$-en에서 리간드의 한 isonitroso 기는 질소원자를 통하여 금속이온에 배위되어 5각형 고리를 이루고, 다른 isonitroso기는 산소원자를 통하여 금속이온에 배위되어 6각형 고리를 이룬다. 그리고, $Ni(IAA)_2$-en, Ni(IAA)$_2$-pn, 그리고 Pd(IAA)$_2$-tn에서 리간드의 두개의 isonitroso기는 모두 질소원자를 통하여 금속이온에 배위되어 5각형 고리를 이룬다. 한편, PdCl(IAA)-pn 은 팔라듐과 한분자의 isonitrosoacetylacetone 및 propylenediamine의 반응으로 생성된다.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.155-166
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• 2014

This review will be concentrated on the spray characteristics of bioethanol and its derived fuels such as ethanol-diesel, ethanol-biodiesel in compression ignition (CI) engines. The difficulty in meeting the severe limitations on NOx and PM emissions in CI engines has brought about many methods for the application of ethanol because ethanol diffusion flames in engine produce virtually no soot. The most popular method for the application of ethanol as a fuel in CI engines is the blending of ethanol with diesel. The physical properties of ethanol and its derivatives related to spray characteristics such as viscosity, density and surface tension are discussed. Viscosity and density of e-diesel and e-biodiesel generally are decreased with increase in ethanol content and temperature. More than 22% and 30% of ethanol addition would not satisfied the requirement of viscosity and density in EN 590, respectively. Investigation of neat ethanol sprays in CI engines was conducted by very few researchers. The effect of ambient temperature on liquid phase penetration is a controversial topic due to the opposite result between two studies. More researches are required for the spray characteristics of neat ethanol in CI engines. The ethanol blended fuels in CI engines can be classified into ethanol-diesel blend (e-diesel) and ethanol-biodiesel (e-biodiesel) blend. Even though dodecanol and n-butanol are rarely used, the addition of biodiesel as blend stabilizer is the prevailing method because it has the advantage of increasing the biofuel concentration in diesel fuel. Spray penetration and SMD of e-diesel and e-biodiesel decrease with increase in ethanol concentration, and in ambient pressure. However, spray angle is increased with increase in the ethanol percentage in e-diesel. As the ambient pressure increases, liquid phase penetration was decreased, but spray angle was increased in e-diesel. The increase in ambient temperature showed the slight effect on liquid phase penetration, but spray angle was decreased. A numerical study of micro-explosion concluded that the optimum composition of e-diesel binary mixture for micro-explosion was approximately E50D50, while that of e-biodiesel binary mixture was E30B70 due to the lower volatility of biodiesel. Adding less volatile biodiesel into the ternary mixture of ethanol-biodiesel-diesel can remarkably enhance micro-explosion. Addition of ethanol up to 20% in e-biodiesel showed no effect on spray penetration. However, increase of nozzle orifice diameter results in increase of spray penetration. The more study on liquid phase penetration and SMD in e-diesel and e-biodiesel is required.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제41권7호
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• pp.357-361
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• 1997

8-Azaxanthine(1), 3-${\beta}$-D-ribofuranosyl-8-azaxanthine(2), 3-${\beta}$-D-ribofuranosyl-8-azaxanthine-5'-monophosphate(3) 그리고 3-${\beta}$-D-ribofuranosyl-8-azaxanthine-5'-(3-pyridinylcarbonyl)monophosphate(4)를 합성한 후 Mouse leukemia P388, Murine mammary carcinoma FM3A, Human histiocytic lymphoma U937 암세포들에 대해 시험관내 항암활성을 MTT를 이용한 방법으로 예측하고 $IC_{50}$(${\mu}mol/mL$)으로 나타내었다. 그 결과, 비정상적인 염기의 N-3와 당의 C-1' glycoside 결합을 가진 2는 세가지의 암세포에 대해 감수성이 좋아 $IC_{50}$이 각각 0.05, 0.06, 0.06 ${\mu}mol/mL$이었으나 항세균 활성 예측에서는 감수성을 보이지 않았다. Human histiocytic lymphoma U937 세포에 대한 $IC_{50}$은 1이 0.33, 2는 0.66, 3은 0.25 그리고 4는 0.33 ${\mu}mol/mL$로 구조 변화에 따라 서로 다른 값을 보였다

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.245-253
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• 2012

벤질리덴아세톤(benzylinedeneacetone: BZA)은 두 곤충병원세균인 Xenorhabdus nematophila와 Photorhabdus temperata subsp. temperata에서 유래된 대사산물의 일종이다. 이 물질은 곤충의 세포성 및 체액성 면역반응을 억제하며 또한 다양한 세균이나 곰팡이에 대해 항생효과를 갖고 있다. 그러나 이 물질이 갖는 비교적 높은 약해와 낮은 식물체 침투력은 효과적 농약으로 개발하는 데 어려움을 주고 있다. 본 연구에서는 다섯 개의 서로 다른 BZA 유사체를 스크리닝하여 면역억제 및 항균활성을 유지하면서 비교적 용해도가 높고 약해가 낮은 물질을 선발하였다. BZA의 벤젠 고리에 수산기가 붙은 유도체는 면역억제 및 항균활성이 뚜렷이 낮아졌다. 또한 BZA의 케톤기를 카르복실기로 변형하면 면역억제와 항균활성을 잃게 되었다. 그러나 BZA의 탄화수소 사슬을 짧게 하여 형성된 아세테이트 유도체인 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (HPA)는 면역억제와 항균활성을 잃지 않았다. 또한 HPA는 BZA 보다 고추(Capsicum annuum)에 대해 약해가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구는 낮은 약해를 유발하면서 높은 곤충면역억제와 식물병원균에 대해 높은 항균활성을 보이는 BZA 유도체를 선발하였다.

• 약학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1992

Irradiation of phenolbetaine in a stream of nitrogen produced 8,14-cycioberbine[1]. Compound[1] was treated with 10% HCl solution to give the 8-hydroxycycloberbine[2] in 67.7% yield. Subsequently addition of ethylchloroformate to the compound[2] gave rise to the 8-hydroxy-7-ethylcarboxy-9, 10-dimethoxy-2, 3-methylenelioxy-13-oxo-norochotensane[3] in 78% yield. Treatment of the compound[3] with bis-(2-chloroethyl)amine then lead to the 7-bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamyl-norochoteneare[4]. On the other hand the compound[5], which is the 8-methoxynorochotensane, was derived when compound[1] was treated with methanol in a few drops of BF. Treatment of the compound[6], and the compound[7], 7-bis(2-chloroethyl)-carbanyl-8-methoxy-norocheyensane, was then synthesized by reaction of the compound[6] with bis(2-chloroethyl) amine. In the other synthetic pathway when compound[5] was treated with $POCl_3$ in dried benzene, 13-chloro-6-ene-norochetensane[8] with 42% yield was formed. Finally the 13-bis-(2-chloroethyl) amino-8-methoxy-norochotensane[9] was produced when we treated the compound[8] with bis-(2-chloroethyl) amine. In another pathway, reaction between phenolbetaine which is the precursor of the compound[1] and benzoylchloride in dried chloroform gave us the 5,6,7 trihydro-2, 3-methylene-dioxy-9-chloromethyl-10, 11-dimethoxyphenylisoquinoline-8-benzoate[10] in 73% yield. The results of biological activities for these compounds are also presented in Table I and II.