• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2020

We evaluated the applicability of baking soda, charco'al, coffee, and green tea as a natural deodorant in Kimchi packaging. Moreover, to evaluate the potential usage of these deodorants in packaging materials and confirm their applicability in high-temperature melt-extrusion processing, the thermal stabilities of the deodorants were investigated, and heat-treated deodorants were evaluated in terms of the deodorizing function compared with non-treated deodorants. Aroma patterns were decreased after deodorizing treatment with all-natural deodorants. Dimethyl disulfide, methyl trisulfide, and diallyl disulfide, the most significant odorous Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of Kimchi, decreased after treatment with the deodorants. In particular, baking soda and charcoal showed the highest efficiency in removing odorous compounds and VOCs from Kimchi, even after high-temperature processing. The acetic acid removal rates for both baking soda and charcoal were 99.9±0.0%. The heating process increases the deodorizing effects of baking soda. Sensory evaluation results showed that there is a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the overall preference for Kimchi samples packaged with charcoal and baking soda. This study provides useful information for the deodorization effects of natural deodorants for Kimchi smell and their applicability for packaging materials.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.170-183
• /
• 2020

Objectives: This study was conducted to estimate a technology to reduce hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) in sewage odor using microbial deodorant. Methods: After injecting five commercially available microbial deodorants into fresh sewage, the concentration of hydrogen sulfide over time was measured using the headspace method. H₂S concentration in odor samples was measured using gas chromatograph/FPD. Calculated odor concentration and calculated odor intensity by H₂S concentration remaining after treatment with microbial deodorant were evaluated theoretically. Results: The rate of H₂S abatement by microbial deodorant differed depending on the experimental conditions and the type of deodorant, but it was found to range from 63 to 82%. Especially, two deodorants showed high H₂S reduction rates of over 80% on average. However, based on the best deodorant, the theoretically calculated odor concentration by H₂S after microbial deodorant treatment was 4,400 OU_k, and the theoretical odor intensity was also rated at 4 degrees or higher. Conclusions: In conclusion, microbial deodorant is considered to have a relatively high effect on reducing H₂S in sewage odor. However, even after treatment with microbial deodorant, calculated odor concentration and calculated odor intensity were relatively high. This is thought to be caused by other odorous substances besides H₂S.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.443-463
• /
• 2024

This study investigated the impact of activated carbon, palm activated carbon, and zeolite on horse oil (HO) extracted from horse neck fat using supercritical fluid extraction with deodorant-untreated HO (CON) as a comparison. The yield and lipid oxidation of deodorant untreated HO (CON) were not significantly affected by the three deodorants. However, deodorant-treated HOs exhibited significantly elevated levels of α-linolenic acid (C18:3n3) and eicosenoic acid (C20:1n9) compared to CON (p<0.05), while other fatty acids remained consistent. Zeolite-purified HO demonstrated significantly lower levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) than other treatments (p<0.05). Remarkably, zeolite decreased the concentration of pentane, 2,3-dimethyl (gasoline odor), by over 90%, from 177.17 A.U. ×10⁶ in CON to 15.91 A.U. ×10⁶. Zeolite also effectively eliminates sec-butylamine (ammonia and fishy odor) as compared to other deodorant-treated HOs (p<0.05). Additionally, zeolite reduced VOCs associated with the fruity citrus flavor, such as nonanal, octanal, and D-limonene in HO (p<0.05). This study suggests that integrating zeolite in supercritical fluid extraction enhances HO purification by effectively eliminating undesirable VOCs, presenting a valuable approach for producing high-quality HO production in the cosmetic and functional food industries.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.442-451
• /
• 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to review the reduction methods for ammonia (NH₃) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) exposure in livestock. Methods: By reviewing domestic and international research reports from Korea and China, reducing ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in livestock pens was analyzed in terms of ventilation, deodorant, and feed additives. In addition, exposure limits in Korea and China were examined through a comparison between 'TLV-TWA and STEL under the Industrial Safety and Health Act in Korea' and 'Management Standards for Air of Livestock Pens in China'. Results and Discussion: In order to effectively control hazardous gases and odors in livestock pens, the enhancement of natural ventilation or the addition of ventilation fans at the pollution source are being examined. Deodorants are used as adsorbents or masking deodorants. Additives to feed were zeolite powder, FeSO₄·7H₂O, enzymes, and microbial preparations. Use of feed additives was low-cost and had significant effects compared to other methods. Zeolite was the most commonly used in feed additive in Chinese cases and proved to be low-cost and effective for reducing harmful gases. Enzyme preparations were shown to stimulate the growth of livestock, but were expensive. Conclusions: This study reviewed and examined domestic and international research papers in Korea and China for reducing ammonia and hydrogen sulfide concentrations in livestock pens. More diverse research and the development of feed additives are needed.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.137-154
• /
• 2019

Triclosan (TCS) is an antimicrobial compound used in consumer products. The purpose of current study was to examine toxicology and risk assessment of TCS based on available data. Acute toxicities of oral, transdermal and inhalation routes were low, and phototoxicity and neurotoxicity were not observed. Topical treatment of TCS to animal caused mild irritation. TCS did not induce reproductive and developmental toxicity in rodents. In addition, genotoxicity was not considered based on in vitro and in vivo tests of TCS. It is not classified as a carcinogen in international authorities such as International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). No-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was determined 12 mg/kg bw/day for TCS, based on haematoxicity and reduction of absolute and relative spleen weights in a 104-week oral toxicity study in rats. Percutaneous absorption rate was set as 14%, which was human skin absorption study reported by National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme (NICNAS) (2009). The systemic exposure dosage (SED) of TCS has been derived by two scenarios depending on the cosmetics usage of Koreans. The first scenario is the combined use of representative cosmetics and oral care products. The second scenario is the combined use of rinse-off products of cleansing, deodorants, coloring products, and oral care products. SEDs have been calculated as 0.14337 mg/kg bw/day for the first scenario and 0.04733 mg/kg bw/day for the second scenario. As a result, margin of safety (MOS) for the first and second scenarios was estimated to 84 and 253.5, respectively. Based on these results, exposure of TCS contained in rinse-off products, deodorants, and coloring products would not pose a significant health risk when it is used up to 0.3%.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
• /
• 2003.09b
• /
• pp.139-144
• /
• 2003

Using GC/MS and GC/Olfactmetry analysis, we identified two vinyl ketones such as 1-Octen-3-one (OEO) and cis-1, 5-Octadien-3-one (ODO) as key materials in axillary odor. OEO and ODO showed a strong metallic odor and low odor threshold. These two materials were occurred from the reaction of unsaturated long fatty acids in lipids and the iron ion in our body's metabolism. Then, it was recognized that Morus alba (Japanese name, Kuwa) extract, one of the plant extract, showed a very good effect to control the generation of these vinyl ketones due to its remarkable anti-oxidization effects.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.287-292
• /
• 2024

The problem of odor and environmental pollution caused by livestock manure is spreading greatly as a social issue. To reduce the odor of livestock raised in livestock farms and improve the farm environment, raw materials of Abelmoschus manihot Jinhuakui were put into feed additives to measure the state of odor. It is characterized by being non-toxic and sweet, and Abelmoschus manihot Jinhuakui, which contains abundant nutrients that are beneficial to health in all parts such as roots, stems, and flowers, is a medicinal plant that cannot be discarded. In particular, it has the effect of helping bowel movements because it stimulates bowel movements. Ammonia levels were investigated through the KS X 3279 national standard-applied smart livestock IoT hub sensor pack installed at Flower Garden and Ugil Farm. The purpose of this paper is to reduce the odor that is the most problematic on farms and improve the environment, and it is planned to expand research into deodorants after feed additives. It is hoped that the research results will solve the livestock problem and help livestock farmers.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.614-619
• /
• 2010

We proposed perfect recycling method of sea waste. The sea waste(rotten sea fish, rotten shell fish etc.) have bad smell and generate waste water, so these waste materials must be treated quickly. If we use speedy dryer, these sea waste can be changed to useful feed and liquid composts. Also this study relates to a method for drying a variety of untreated waste materials in a hermetically sealed state, and subsequently carbonizing the dried waste materials under a reduced pressure, thereby achieving a more stable and economical treatment for the waste materials, and an apparatus for performing the method. This effects of preventing generation of contaminants and environmental pollution while reducing fuel costs, and a carbide, obtained via the drying and carbonization of the waste material, are available into feed for poultry. The condensate water can be used to deodorants.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.219-224
• /
• 2003

1,4-Dioxane is used as a solvent for lacquers, paints, varnish removers, dye baths and printing compositions. And it is also used for detergent preparations, cosmetics, deodorants and fumigants. A method is described for the determination of 1,4-dioxane in water samples by GC/MS. The extraction recoveries were studied for some solvents and solvent volume ratio were investigated using r-butyl methyl ether (MTBE). Optimum condition was obtained by the liquid-liquid extraction using the 10 mL of MTBE for 10 mL of water. Method detection limit of 1,4-dioxane in the 20 mL of water samples was 0.05 ng/mL. It could be determined in the range of 0.24∼240 ng/mL in treated water, and in the range of 0.69∼81.9 ng/mL in raw water, respectively. Risk assessments with 1,4-dioxane exposure by drinking water ingestion were carried out. Based on the results of analysis, chronic daily intake of 1,4-dioxane was 2.22${\times}$10$\^$-4/ mg/kg/day and excess cancer risk was calcu-lated to be 2.44${\times}$10$\^$-6/.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.23 no.10
• /
• pp.1763-1773
• /
• 2014

It is known that mackerel and pork belly release a strong odor in the process of roasting. We evaluated a dilution factor of odor arising during roasting mackerel or pork belly and the relative odor strength using several cooking tools and analyzed compounds causing odors with gas chromatograph/mass detector. Roasting pans used were grill with lid, electric grill without lid and general roasting pan, and a grill with lid can attach the activated carbon charcoal deodorant at the inside of lid. And all electric grills have a drip tray under the heater. We investigated characteristics of odor emission depending on the presence of water and deodorants in these cooking tools. Study has shown that roasting mackerel produces approximately 36 time more odors than roasting pork belly, and the reduced odor emission when roast with water. And it shows the reduced deodorant effect when cooked with water after attaching activated carbon charcoal in the cooking pan. Major odor causing compounds arising when cooking mackerel and pork belly were aldehydes with high boiling point such as octyl aldehyde with a low odor threshold value.