• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.104-110
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• 2021

Background: Regardless of countries, the myth that rain makes the body ache has been worded in various forms, and a number of studies have been reported to investigate this. However, these studies, which depended on the patient's experience or memory, had obvious limitations. Google Trends is a big data analysis service based on search terms and viewing videos provided by Google LLC, and attempts to use it in various fields are continuing. In this study, we endeavored to introduce the 'value as a research tool' of the Google Trends, that has emerged along with technological advancements, through research on 'whether toothaches really occur frequently on rainy days'. Methods: Keywords were selected as objectively as possible by applying web crawling and text mining techniques, and the keyword "bi" meaning rain in Korean was added to verify the reliability of Google Trends data. The correlation was statistically analyzed using precipitation and temperature data provided by the Korea Meteorological Agency and daily search volume data provided by Google Trends. Results: Keywords "chi-gwa", "chi-tong", and "chung-chi" were selected, which in Korean mean 'dental clinic', 'toothache', and 'tooth decay' respectively. A significant correlation was found between the amount of precipitation and the search volume of tooth decay. No correlation was found between precipitation and other keywords or other combinations. It was natural that a very significant correlation was found between the amount of precipitation, temperature, and the search volume of "bi". Conclusion: Rain seems to actually be a cause of toothache, and if objective keyword selection is premised, Google Trends is considered to be very useful as a research tool in the future.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.205-217
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• 2012

A comparative study of the dental health perception and dental health behaviors among 12,325 middle and high school students in urban and rural areas was conducted by using "2010 National Dental Health Investigation". The results of this study are as follows. For the dental health perception and the utilization of dental service, all middle and high school students had a low perception of the their dental health status toward the farming and fishing regions from the urban. For the time of tooth-brushing among the dental health behaviors, most middle and high school students brushed their teeth after lunch. In connection with the frequency of cariogenic snack intake, high school students had a greater percentage toward the farming and fishing regions from the urban. For the dental health status, middle school students in big cities had a high average of carious permanent teeth, but high school students had a high average of carious permanent teeth toward the farming and fishing regions from the urban. In other words, there was no significant difference in missing permanent teeth, filling permanent teeth and decay permanent teeth between middle school students by region, but high school students had a greater percentage of the dental health perception and dental health behaviors toward the farming and fishing regions from the urban, showing a little difference. Consequently, there was a relationship between middle and high school students' perception of dental health and their behaviors of dental health.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 2021

Background: Dental caries is mainly composed of various cellular components and is deposited around the tooth surface and gums, causing a number of periodontal diseases. Streptococcus mutans is commonly found in the human oral cavity and is a significant contributor to tooth decay. The use of antibacterial ingredients in oral hygiene products has demonstrated usefulness in the management of dental caries. This study investigated the anticaries effect of the ethanol extract of Terminalia chebula (EETC) against S. mutans and their cytotoxicity to gingival epithelial cells. Methods: The EETC was prepared from T. chebula fruit using ethanol extraction. Disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and colony forming unit (CFU) were analyzed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the EETC. Glucan formation was measured using the filtrate of the bacterial culture medium and sucrose. Gene expression was analyzed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Cytotoxicity was analyzed via the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. Results: The antibacterial activity of the EETC was explored using disc diffusion and CFU measurements. The MIC and MBC of the EETC were 10 and 20 ㎍/ml, respectively. EETC treatment decreased insoluble glucan formation by S. mutans enzymes and also resulted in reduced glycosyltransferase B (gtf B), gtf C, gtf D, and fructosyltransferase (ftf), expressions on RT-PCR. In addition, at effective antibacterial concentrations, EETC treatment was not cytotoxic to gingival epithelial cells. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the EETC is an effective anticaries ingredient with low cytotoxicity to gingival epithelial cells. The EETC may be useful in antibacterial oral hygiene products for the management of dental caries.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Dental Administration
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2018

Halitosis is primarily caused by bacterial decay. The bacteria, which originate from biofilms such as dental plaque, show abnormal proliferation due to dental caries, periodontal diseases, soft tissue infections, and tongue diseases. Most studies on halitosis have exclusively focused on gram-negative bacteria in the oral cavity rather than on general oral microorganisms including oral fungi. This study analyzed oral fungal hyphae, as well as distribution and motility of oral microorganisms, and provided basic data on the control of halitosis. Our results revealed that the greater is the number of cocci bacteria, the higher is the halitosis value, or bad breath value (BBV), suggesting that cocci have a strongly positive correlation with halitosis (r=0.379, p=0.030). Moreover, there was no significant difference in the morphology or distribution of motile bacteria and motility score, with respect to BBV. Lastly, we investigated the relationship between halitosis and oral fungal hyphae. We found that a higher BBV corresponded with a greater number of fungal hyphae and that patients with fungal hyphae scored a higher BBV. However, this result was not statistically significant. In conclusion, this study provided the preliminary data on oral microorganisms and halitosis, but further studies are needed to analyze the relationship between oral microorganisms and halitosis.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.123-132
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• 1980

The author conducted a dental survey of a college girl students and compared with that of E college students 10 years ago which based on the same criteria. The items of this survey included the prevalence of dental caries, DMFT and the kinds of restored material. All college students 1,414 were examined in May 1978, with the recommended criteria and method of W.H.O.. Among them, the data of 1,393 were analyzed for this study. The following results were obtained: 1. The average number of present teeth were 28.97${\pm}$1.64. 2. The prevalence of dental caries was 84.92% and D.M.F. index was 15.51. Average D.M.F. teeth were 4.49${\pm}$3.69. 3. The average number of decayed (D) teeth were 2.09${\pm}$2.16. 4.30% of the present decayed teeth was secondary decay, and 2.44% of the decayed teeth was indicated for extraction. 4. The average number of missing(M) teeth were 0.32${\pm}$0.79. It included 8.56% of root fragements. 5. Average number of filled(F) teeth were 2.09${\pm}$3.17. F-ratio of this group was 46.45%. The analysis revealed 50.88% of amalgam alloy, 31.41% of gold inlays, and 1.20%, the least among the filling materials, silicate cement or composite resin. 6. While the prosthodontic treatment, such as crown and bridge has reduced than that of 10 years ago, the fillings and inlays as the conservative means has increased.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.229-241
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• 2019

Objectives: This study analyzed the relationship between dietary behavior and health-related characteristics and experiences of major oral disease symptoms using online raw data on adolescent health behavior. Methods: Using the raw data on 61,858 adolescents collected through the 13th Adolescent Health Behavior Online Survey, a complex samples logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess risks of major oral diseases. Results: The less one consumes sweet drinks and the more one eats vegetables per day, the less likely one is to experience symptoms of tooth decay and periodontal diseases. Undergoing scaling and oral health education help prevent major oral diseases. Brushing after school lunch prevents periodontal diseases and foul breath, and using dental floss and interdental brush also help prevent periodontal diseases. Conclusions: To minimize experiences of oral diseases during adolescent years, it is necessary to periodically scale teeth and provide knowledge regarding the personal management of dental plaque through school oral health education.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.985-992
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• 2011

Objectives : This study is based on oral health knowledge and oral health belief, oral health behaviors are processed of an elementary school oral health education. Methods : Questionnaire survey was carried out targeting the elementary grades 5,6, in Nowon region. The data collected with T-test and pearson correlation analysis results were as follows: Results : 1. Correct answers of oral health knowledge is not required to treat dental decay in children's showed 5 grade students 17 persons 11.3%, 6 grade students 10 persons 6.8%. 2. 2 times of a day brush strokes showed 5 grade students85 persons56.6% and 6 grade students 79 persons 53.7%. 3. Students who have received dental care, oral health beliefs of the seriousness of the average $10.80{\pm}3.94$ and showed, Students who have never received dental care in the severity of oral health beliefs appear to the average $9.16{\pm}3.15$ were significantly different. 4. Elementary students' oral health beliefs and health of the sensitivity of the severity and disability - increasing the motivation to increase susceptibility showed a positive correlation, negative correlation between benefit and importance was the. Conclusions : In this study, elementary school students learn proper oral health knowledge will be required to be properly trained, improving oral health, oral health education beliefs lead to action would be to help.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.43-61
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was focus on development of educational objectives by using oral health education in the elementary school from now on. Based on the results of analysis compared with a model of educational objectives and contents by reflecting the programs for analysis were the oral health education programs of the Ministry of health and social Affairs in Korea, and the programs of two states in u.s. in order to construct goals and contents of oral health education in school. The results in this study can be arranged as follows: First, an analysis on the educational objectives of dental health education program resulted that, from a viewpoint of Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives, in case of domestic, most learning objectives expressed in the handbook of Ministry of Health and social Welfare were given too much emphasis to the cognitive domain of 37 an items in all. Affective domain were appeared the lack of balance of the development domain. Second, the result of analysis for the programs of two states of America, the cognitive domain were the most abundant of 48 an items in all, and were not significantly different to those of Korea in the form of objectives domain or statement. However a big different was shown that they organized the same objectives domain as a pattern of repeating and deepening at every grade. Third, in this study, 10 educational objectives of dental health education were established, based on the result of analyzing those existing educational programs as central figure. Those are oral cavity, brushing, nutrition of teeth, fluoride, flossing, teeth injury, dental decay, periodontal disease, malocclusion, routine dental visits. And general objectives and specific objectives of each learning area were stated and arranged grade by grade.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.59-63
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• 2003

The medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) neurons are controlled by excitatory synaptic transmission from the vestibular afferent and commissural projections, and by inhibitory transmission from interneurons. Spontaneous synaptic currents of MVN neurons were studied using whole cell patch clamp recording in slices prepared from 13- to 17-day-old rats. The spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) were significantly reduced by the $GABA_A$ antagonist bicuculline ($20{\mu}M$), but were not affected by the glycine antagonist strychnine ($1{\mu}M$). The frequency, amplitude, and decay time constant of sIPSCs were $4.3{\pm}0.9$ Hz, $18.1{\pm}2.0$ pA, and $8.9{\pm}0.4$ ms, respectively. Spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) were mediated by non-NMDA and NMDA receptors. The specific AMPA receptor antagonist GYKI-52466 ($50{\mu}M$) completely blocked the non-NMDA mediated sEPSCs, indicating that they are mediated by an AMPA-preferring receptor. The AMPA mediated sEPSCs were characterized by low frequency ($1.5{\pm}0.4$ Hz), small amplitude ($13.9{\pm}1.9$ pA), and rapid decay kinetics ($2.8{\pm}0.2$ ms). The majority (15/21) displayed linear I-V relationships, suggesting the presence of GluR2-containing AMPA receptors. Only 35% of recorded MVN neurons showed NMDA mediated currents, which were characterized by small amplitude and low frequency. These results suggest that the MVN neurons receive excitatory inputs mediated by AMPA, but not kainate, and NMDA receptors, and inhibitory transmission mediated by $GABA_A$ receptors in neonatal rats.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Dental Administration
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2021

Owing to the Corona virus (COVID-19) crisis, virtual education has been expanded. Accordingly, this study was conducted to determine the direction of oral health education by examining participants' satisfaction with virtual education and educational media preferences. This study collected data from a Naver Form online survey targeting 290 university students across the country, from May 10 to 31, 2021. The collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 20.0. According to the data, satisfaction with virtual classes was 3.36 points in 5-point Likert scale, satisfaction factors were reduced commuting time and money expenditure, and the highest dissatisfaction factor was a decrease in lecture concentration. The media platform that most interested students pursing oral health education was YouTube. The oral health education that participants wished to receive through virtual education included how to prevent tooth decay, how to prevent gum disease, and how to brush teeth. In conclusion, it is necessary to develop various media like Zoom, YouTube, and virtual reality programs so that students feel motivated to utilize oral health education and improve oral health.