• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.11-20
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• 2008

Objectives: Warm-needling is a method combining the effects of acupuncture with the effects of moxibustion. We need to standardize the characteristics of warm-needling in order to achieve consistency in its operational mechanisms and effects, which will improve clinical ability in the field of Eastern medicine. Methods: In this study, using the LabVIEW system on the warm-needling technique, we measured and compared partial temperature changes which varied according to the density of the moxa cone and the moxa cone's core peak temperature. Results& Conclusions: Examination of the warm-needle's partial temperature in relation to the cone density of the 0.8g moxa specimen suggests that a lower density of the moxa cone corresponds to a higher peak temperature and but with a shorter duration. During the effective stimulus time, the lower the density of the moxa cone, the shorter the duration of the effective stimulus time and the higher the mean temperature. Conversely, the higher the density of the moxa cone, the longer the effective stimulus time and lower the mean temperature.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.193-214
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• 2004

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanism and effect of moxibustion with ginger objectively, to be used as the quantitative data through the measurement of temperature, and to grasp the thermodynamic characteristics of moxibustion with ginger. Methods : We have selected the indirect moxibustion with ginger among many indirect moxibustions. We produced a slice of ginger to a thickness of 3, 4, 5mm and the moxa cone having a diameter of 8mm, a height of 10mm for making a comparative study of characteristics of moxa cone according to change the density. We have made a comparative study of the thermodynamic characteristics of moxibustion with ginger with or without holes. We measured combustion times and calculated temperatures, temperature gradients in each period during a combustion of moxa. Results : 1. We found out it was not significantly influenced by the existence of the punched holes in a slice of ginger because the punched holes grow smaller immediately. 2. The duration of the preheating period became longer according to thickness of a slice of ginger and was not directly proportional to the density of moxa cone. The duration of the preheating period was extremely short when it burned a 100mg moxa cone. That was influenced by the density of moxa cone. 3. The duration of the heating period became longer according to thickness of a slice of ginger likewise the preheating period bacause the density of moxa cone had effected on the combustion characteristics. The duration of the heating period was extremely long when it burned a 100mg moxa cone. On the other hand the maximum temperature in the heating period was appeared that the combustion with a thin slice of ginger was highest and measured that the large density of moxa cone was higher. But the maximum temperature in the heating period was about $37.8^{\circ}C{\sim}44.2^{\circ}C$respectively lower in others. 4. The duration of the retaining period was some doubling shorter than that of the heating period that is concerned the shape of moxa cone. The temperature measured the close of a retaining period was $36.6^{\circ}C{\sim}41.8^{\circ}C$, that was considerably lower temperature. 5. The mean ascending temperature velocity and the mean descending temperature velocity were $0.042{\sim}0.073^{\circ}C/sec$, $-0.027{\sim}-0.064^{\circ}C/sec$ respectively. Then, the ascending temperature velocity was some faster than the ascending temperature velocity. Conclusions : The quantitative standard for obtaining the effective heating stimulation is that if the slice of ginger made a hole in it, we had to use the needle above 1.5mm diameter. The recommended size of a slice ginger is the 14mm diameter and the 2~3mm thickness. The moxa cone is formed the conical shape that the base diameter was 8mm, the height was 10mm, the density was $600mg/cm^2$.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1993 no.11
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• pp.128-131
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• 1993

In order to get the basic data for the study of the heat stimulation of burning moxa, the pattern of combustion temperature, which is one of the important factors of thermal characteristics, was measured by density of cone moxa along the time procedure. The following results have been obtained 1) The pattern of combustion temperature by moxa burning was classified into input period which means the infiltration of heat into the area and output period which means the radiation of heat from the area. The input period consists of preheating and heating periods, while the output period consists of heat retaining and cooling periods. 2) The pattern of combustion temperature showed the same type or curve, which was not influenced by the moxa weight. However, Its pattern gradient are varied by density. It is considered that the pattern of combution temperature is primarily influenced by the rate of combustion temperature, gradient temperature and duration of combustion.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.233-248
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• 2004

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanism and effect of moxibustion with monkshood cake, slice & black pepper cake. objectively, to be used as the quantitative data through the measurement of temperatqre, and to grasp the thermodynamic characteristics of moxibustion with monkshood cake, slice & black pepper cake. Methods : We have selected of the moxibustion with monkshood cake, slice & black pepper cake. indirect moxibustion. We make a comparative study of the thermodynamic characteristics of moxibustion with monkshood cake, slice & black pepper cake. We examined combustion times, temperatures, temperature gradients in each period during a combustion of moxa. Results & Conclusions : 1. We can design the moxibustion with monkshood cake that it has thermodynamic characteristics of 173sec effective combustion time, $44^{\circ}C$ maximum temperature, $0.22^{\circ}C/sec$ ascending maximum temperature, if we use 3mm thickness or 3mm and below of monkshood cake and the moxa cone is formed the conical shape that the base diameter was 8mm, the height was 10mm, the density was $600mg/cm^3$. 2. We can design the moxibustion with monkshood cake that it has thermodynamic characteristics of 205~271sec effective combustion period time, $44.6{\sim}46.1^{\circ}C$ maximum temperature, $0.18{\sim}0.24^{\circ}C/sec$ ascending maximum temperature, if we use 3mm thickness of monkshood cake and the moxa cone is formed the conical shape that the base diameter was 8mm, the height was 10mm, the density was $480{\sim}720mg/cm^3$.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.31-51
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• 2004

Objective: The propose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of combustion in indirect moxibustion with garlic. Methods: We observed the characteristics of combustion by the variations of the thickness(3mm, 4mm, 5mm) of a slice for indirect moxibustion with garlic and mass(80mg, 100mg, 120mg) of moxa cone and existence of holes. The temperature of indirect moxibustion for garlic insulation with holes was higher than temperature of indirect moxibustion for garlic insulation without holes. Combustions time in the preheating period is about 1 minute, it varies by the existence of holes, the thickness of a slice for indirect moxibustion with garlic, and the density of moxa cone. Results: Maximum temperature of heating period was $38.7{\sim}46.2^{\circ}C$, combustion time in the heating period was 118~164sec and maximum ascending temperature gradient was $0.102{\sim}0.264^{\circ}C/sec$. Retaining period was shorter than heating period and stimulus of heating retains more, because it is higher than body temperature. By this report, indirect moxibustion with garlic is more effective with holes and the appropriate thickness of a slice for indirect moxibustion with garlic is 3.5~4mm. It is appropriate that the diameter of moxa cone is 8mm and height of that is 10mm. With this condition, effective combustion period is 120sec, maximum temperature is $42{\sim}44^{\circ}C$, maximum ascending temperature gradient is $0.14{\sim}0.16^{\circ}C/sec$. It is necessary to study clinical correlations for more accurate quantitative standard.