• 펄프종이기술
• /
• 제44권3호
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 2012

Materials used for the inks in the printing industry is an important material following the paper. The composition of the ink is pigment and organic solvents. However, Ink is used in a variety of chemicals, they are classified as non-green. Therefore, rosin-modified phenolics manufactured by the reaction of phenol and formaldehyde can take the place of eco-phenol free resin and by experiment density, gloss, trapping, contrast and dot gain of printing has been studied as printability. The result of study can support that the properties of printing using eco-phenol free resin such as density, gloss, contrast and trapping is similar to existing ink. In the part of dot gain, the result is excellent. So we were thought to be able to improve some characteristics such as dispersion of black ink, that will be possible for the field applicability.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.53-62
• /
• 2007

A high resolution numerical method aimed at solving cavitating flow is proposed and applied to gas-liquid two-phase shock tube problem. The present method employs a finite-difference 4th-order Runge-Kutta method and Roe's flux difference splitting approximation with the MUSCL TVD scheme. By applying the homogeneous equilibrium cavitation model, the present density-based numerical method permits simple treatment of the whole gas-liquid two-phase flow field, including wave propagation and large density changes. The speed of sound for gas-liquid two-phase media is derived on the basis of thermodynamic relations and compared with that by eigenvalues. By this method, a Riemann problem for Euler equations of one dimensional shock tube was computed. Numerical results such as detailed observations of shock and expansion wave propagations through the gas-liquid two-phase media at isothermal condition and some data related to computational efficiency are made. Comparisons of predicted results and exact solutions are provided and discussed.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.59.2-59.2
• /
• 2014

Radiative transfer models in a spherical, turbulent interstellar medium (ISM), in which the photon source is situated at the center, are calculated to investigate the correlation between the scattered light and the dust column density. The medium is modeled using fractional Brownian motion structures that are appropriate for turbulent ISM. The correlation plot between the scattered light and optical depth shows substantial scatter and deviation from simple proportionality. It was also found that the overall density contrast is smoothed out in scattered light. In other words, there is an enhancement of the dust-scattered flux in low-density regions, while the scattered flux is suppressed in high-density regions. The correlation becomes less significant as the scattering becomes closer to being isotropic and the medium becomes more turbulent. Therefore, the scattered light observed in near-infrared wavelengths would show much weaker correlation than the observations in optical and ultraviolet wavelengths. We also find that the correlation plot between scattered lights at two different wavelengths shows a tighter correlation than that of the scattered light versus the optical depth.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.41-46
• /
• 2003

Difficulties associated with bioartificial liver (BAL) preservation limit not only the commercialization of BAL, but also its clinical trials. In this study, the possibility of cold preservation of BAL cartridges containing porcine hepatocytes was examined at 4$^{\circ}C$. In an in vitro perfusion culture System, BAL cartridges maintained cytochrome P450 metabolic function for at least 50 days. However, all BAL cartridges completely lost their ammonia eliminating ability when stored at 4$^{\circ}C$. We a1so studied the effect of cell density on the maintenance of BAL liver function In a highly differentiated and healthy state. As expected, BALs containing a larger number of hepatocytes demonstrated higher metabolic functions. When metabolic functions were compared per gram of hepatotytes, no large differences were observed between devices containing different densities of hepatocytes. Decreased cell density did not Successfully prolong BAL function. The viability and function of isolated hepatotytes highly depend on the culture conditions, such as cell density, substrata, culture media, and additives to the culture media. Perfusion culture of BAL cartridges at 4$^{\circ}C$ gave a promosing result with respect to the maintenance of P450 activity. However, as indicated by the rapid loss of ammonia metabolic activity, many factors still remain to be optimized for preservation of BAL keeping high metabolic functions for a longer time.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.813-822
• /
• 2006

Soluble manganese removal was analyzed as a function of filter media, filter depth, presence or absence of chlorination, and surface manganese oxide concentration in water treatment processes. Sand, manganese oxide coated sand (MOCS), sand+MOCS, and granular activated carbon(GAC) were used as filter media. Manganese removal, surface manganese oxide concentration, turbidity removal, and regeneration of MOCS in various filter media were investigated. Results indicated that soluble manganese removal in MOCS was rapid and efficient, and most of the removal happened at the top of the filter. When filter influent (residual chlorine 1.0mg/L) with an average manganese concentration of 0.204mg/L was fed through a filter column, the sand+MOCS and MOCS columns can remove 98.9% and 99.2% of manganese respectively on an annual basis. On the other hand, manganese removal in sand and the GAC column was minimal during the initial stage of filtration, but after 8 months of filter run they removed 99% and 35% of manganese, respectively. Sand turned into MOCS after a certain period of filtration, while GAC did not. In MOCS, the manganese adsorption rate on the filter media was inversely proportional to the filter depth, while the density of media was proportional to the filter depth.

• 한국자기학회:학술대회 개요집
• /
• 한국자기학회 1999년도 춘계연구발표회 논문개요집
• /
• pp.20-21
• /
• 1999

• 정보저장시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 정보저장시스템학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.185-189
• /
• 2005

We reported here nano-scale electrical phase-change recording in amorphous $Ge_2Sb_2Te_5$ media using an atomic force microscope (AFM) having conducting probes. In recording process, a pulse voltage is applied to the conductive probe that touches the media surface to change locally the electrical resistivity of a film. However, in contact operation, tip/media wear and contamination could major obstacles, which degraded SNR, reproducibility, and lifetime. In order to overcome tip/media wear and contamination in contact mode operation, we adopted the W incorporated diamond-like carbon (W-DLC) films as a protective layer. Optimized mutilayer media were prepared by a hybrid deposition system of PECVD and RF magnetron sputtering. When suitable electrical pulses were applied to media through the conducting probe, it was observed that data bits as small as 25 nm in diameter have been written and read with good reproducibility, which corresponds to a data density of $1 Tbit/inch^2$. We concluded that stable electrical phase-change recording was possible mainly due to W-DLC layer, which played a role not only capping layer but also resistive layer.

• 한국자기학회지
• /
• 제5권5호
• /
• pp.631-635
• /
• 1995

Longitudinal magnetic recording process of thin film media was simulated by the 2-D finite element method (FEM). To describe precisely the hysteresis behavior of thin film media, scalar Preisach model was used. In this paper, we discussed the formation of bit patterns and importance of modeling of minor loops in high density recording. The effects of the media coercivity and film thickness on the remanent magnetization and transition shape were investigated.

• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.213-219
• /
• 2012

과채류 공정육묘에서 접목작업 후 버려지는 재사용 상토의 이화학적 특성을 개선할 목적으로 재사용상토와 perlite의 혼합비율이 상토의 이화학적 특성과 과채류 묘소질에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 재사용 상토의 적정 혼합비율을 구명하기 위한 시험구는 신규상토(NPM: new plug media)와 1회 사용상토구(UPM: used plug media)및 용적대비 재사용상토의 첨가비율을 25, 50 및 75%로 첨가한 5개의 처리구를 설계한 뒤, 각 처리구별 이화학적 특성과 오이 및 토마토 묘의 묘소질에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 또, 재사용 상토의 물리성 개선을 위한 적정 펄라이트 첨가 비율을 구명하기 위한 시험구는 UPM에 용적대비 펄라이트를 0, 5, 10 및 20% 첨가구와 NPM과 UPM을 1 : 1(v : v)로 혼합한 혼합상토(Mixed Soil)에 펄라이트를 0, 5, 10 및 20%를 첨가한 8개의 처리구를 설계하여 각 처리구별 이화학적 특성과 오이 및 토마토 묘의 묘소질에 미치는 영향을 대조구(NPM)와 비교하였다. UPM에 NPM의 혼합비율이 증가할수록 상토의 물리적 특성이 개선되는 경향을 보여 50% 이상 첨가구에서는 신규상토와 공극율, 용적밀도, 보수력은 물론 전반적인 묘소질도 NPM과 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 상토의 이화학적 특성, 플러그묘의 근권형성 정도, 묘소질 등을 종합적으로 고려한 UPM의 물리성 개선을 위한 펄라이트의 적정 혼합비율은 UPM 단용구에서는 20%, NPM과 UPM을 1 : 1(v : v)로 혼합한 상토에서는 10%인 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.184-186
• /
• 2004

A castrated male, 6 year-old Shih-Tzu, weighing 4.6 kg with a discharge from the external ear canal and a mal-odor was referred to Verterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Seoul National University. Radiographic findings were narrowing and focal loss of an air density in the left ear canal and bilateral thickening of the osseous bullae. For more detail examination, computed tomography was used. In computed tomographic findings, bilateral thickening of the bulla wall and increased opacity of the bulla space were observed. Thus this dog was diagnosed as bilateral otitis media. Then surgical correction, total ear canal ablation, was performed successfully and the patient showed a good prognosis thereafter. It is considered that computed tomography might serve as an useful imaging tool for otitis media and that it supplies information not obtained with a conventional radiography.