• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1109-1123
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• 2020

In this study, the amount of harmful fungi and bacteria contained in the drainage and culture medium from the paprika hydroponic facility is identified. In addition, by proposing the necessity of effective purification of discharged drainage, this study attempted to confirm the possibility of drainage reuse. Finally, this study provides basic data on the basis for calculating the need for purification facilities in the future, as well as improvements in horticulture facility for sustainable agriculture. As a result of the analysis, a total of 12 types of fungi were detected in paprika medium and 10 types of fungi were detected in the drainage, and their densities were 130 and 68, respectively. Among the fungi detected in the media and drainage of the paprika hydroponic facility, the fungi with the highest detection frequency are Fusarium, Phytophthora, and Pythium. In the case of bacteria, a total of 2 types of bacteria were detected in the paprika facilities, and the density was 28 and 23, respectively. Therefore, in order to reuse the drainage and settle the circulating hydroponic cultivation system, a water treatment process capable of appropriate treatment is required.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.229-234
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• 2008

Purpose: There are some reports presenting that peripheral blood contain circulating hematopoietic cells as well as, in significantly smaller quantities, mesenchymal stem cells. The purposes of this study is to isolate and characterize circulating mesenchymal progenitor cells with osteogenic potential from human peripheral blood. Methods: Human buffycoat containing mononuclear cells was harvested from peripheral blood of normal persons and isolated using a density gradient centrifugation and serially subcultured in osteogenic media for 1-4 weeks. The proliferation capability, phase-contrast microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, immunophenotype FACS analysis, Alizarin red staining and RT-PCR assays for osteogenic differentiation potential were performed. Results: The phenotype of cultured cells changed from small round or cuboidal cells at passage 1 into large spindle-shaped fibroblastic morphology cells at passage 4. Surface marker expressed CD14, but did not express CD34, CD80, CD83. Strong positive staining was observed for Alizarin reds in osteogenic medium on day 14, Using RT-PCR, the mRNA levels of bone- specific genes, such as ALP, c-bfa-1 and osteocalcin were detected. Conclusion: A new subset of peripheral blood derived progenitor cells described here has the ability to proliferate and differentiate into osteogenic cell lineages in vitro, and to be candidate for regenerative therapy.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.67-95
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• 2024

Direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs) have gained much attention as promising energy conversion devices due to their ability to utilize alcohol as a fuel source. In this regard, Molybdenum-based electrocatalysts (Mo-ECs) have emerged as a substitution for expensive Pt and Ru-based co-catalyst electrode materials in DAFCs, owing to their unique electrochemical properties useful for alcohol oxidation. The catalytic activity of Mo-ECs displays an increase in alcohol oxidation current density by several folds to 1000-2000 mA mg_Pt^-1, compared to commercial Pt and PtRu catalysts of 10-100 mA mg_Pt^-1. In addition, the methanol oxidation peak and onset potential have been significantly reduced by 100-200 mV and 0.5-0.6 V, respectively. The performance of Mo-ECs in both acidic and alkaline media has shown the potential to significantly reduce the Pt loading. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the bifunctional mechanism involved in the oxidation of alcohols and factors affecting the electrocatalytic oxidation of alcohol, such as synthesis method, structural properties, and catalytic support materials. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects of Mo-ECs for DAFCs anode materials are discussed. This in-depth review serves as valuable insight toward enhancing the performance and efficiency of DAFC by employing Mo-ECs.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.479-486
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• 2008

The cultural characteristics and antibacterial activities of Cordyceps militaris and Paecilomyces tenuipes were compared. The mycelial growth was the highest on MCM (Mushroom Complete Medium) for C. militaris and on YMA (Yeast Malt Agar) for P. tenuipes. But the mycelial density on MMM (Mushroom Minimal Medium) was lower than other on media. The optimum mycelial growth was observed at $25^{\circ}C$. C. militaris was low mycelial growth when it was transferred over 5 times generation. The carbon source for the optimum mycelial growth was fructose of monosaccharide, maltose of disaccharide and dextrin of polysaccharide. The calcium nitrate of organonitrogen was found the best mycelial growth on C. militaris, while the sodium nitrate observed to be well for mycelial growth on P. tenuipes. The ammonium tartrate was observed to be the best among the inorganonitrogen used for mycelial growth. Antibacterial activities were found out just C. militaris against Bacillus cereus of Gram (+).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.3 no.2 s.7
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• pp.43-52
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• 1999

An experimental chamber was fabricated to observe the gas diffusion behavior of leak gas from underground city-gas pipeline. It was made of acryl so that feeding of gas and the measuring points of the gas could be varied in each experiment. The MOS sensors were used to measure the concentrations of leak gas. The soil media such as the Jumunjin standard sand and the granite weathered soil were used to measure the gas diffusion and the change of leak gas concentrations was measured with time for various gas flow rate. As the distance between the leak point of gas and the measuring point of MOS sensor decreases, or the leak rate increases, the detection time of gas at a measuring points decreases and the gas concentration increases quickly and the concentration of the gas at steady state also increases. As the density of granite weathered soil is higher than that of Jumunjin standard sand for compaction, the detection time of leak gas in the granite weathered soil was longer than that in the Jumunjin standard soil. The leak gas concentrations in the granite weathered soil were lower than those in the Jumunjin standard sand at the beginning of gas leaking from a pipe, but inverse phenomenon was occured at steady state.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.162-167
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• 1999

Integration of microbial antagonists with fungicides was tried to control the gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea on pepper in greenhouse conditions and to reduce fungicide uses. All of the selected bacterial antagonists, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BL3, Paenibacillus polymyxa BL4, and Pseudomonas putida Cha94, completely inhibited the conidial germination of B. cinerea until 30 days after treatment. However, bacterial colonization of pepper phylloplane was poor in BL4, while the other bacterial isolates and the fungal antagonist Trichoderma harzianum TM colonized well on the phylloplane, maintaining the population density of 104-105 cfu/g until 15 days after microbial treatments. Out of 13 kinds of selected fungicides used for gray mold diseases, polyoxin B and BKF 1995 showed the most discriminatory activity on the fungal growth between B. cinerea and TM. TM grew readily on the media containing those fungicides, while B. cinerea showed poor or no mycelial growth on them. The selected fungicides and antagonists alone reduced incidence of gray mold on pepper, showing disease indices of about 2.4 to 3.0, while its was increased up to 4.2 in the untreated control. Alternate treatments with the antagonists and 2-fold diluted fungicides inhibited the disease incidence as much as the antagonists or fungicides alone, and reduced the secondary inoculum more than the single treatments. This suggests that integration of antagonists and fungicides may be an efficient way to reduce fungicide sprays with reliable control efficacy of the disease. However, there was not much difference in the early and mid-term disease progress among the treatments and the untreated control, probably due to extremely favorable environmental conditions for the disease development in this experiment.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.390-394
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• 2018

For the coexpression of endoxylanase and endoglucanase genes in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the genes were separately inserted downstream of the yeast ADH1 promoters, resulting the plasmid pAGX3 (9.83 kb). In the batch culture on YPD medium of the yeast transformant, S. cerevisiae SEY2102/pAGX3, the total activities of the enzymes reached about 7.91 units/ml for endoxylanase and 0.43 units/ml for endoglucanase. In the fed-batch culture with intermittent feeding of yeast extract and glucose, the total activities of 24.9 units/ml for endoxylanase and 0.84 units/ml for endoglucanase were produced which were about 3.1-fold and 2.0-fold increased levels, respectively, compared to those of the batch culture. Most of endoxylanase and endoglucanase activities were found in the extracellular media. This recombinant yeast could be useful for the development of simultaneous saccharification bioprocess of the cellulose and xylan mixture.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.55-62
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the effects of an aqueous extract from Buddleja officinalis Maxim (ABO) on vascular dysfunction in low-density lipoprotein receptor deficient (LDLr KO) mice. Methods : Present study showed that LDLr KO mice were fed a high fat diet consisting of 60 kcal% fat, with or without 200 mg/day/kg ABO of diet, for 14 weeks. Results : High fat diet-LDLr KO mice were treated with ABO were completely normalized by lowering glucose. ABO reduced intima/media thickness in a high fat diet-LDLr KO mice without affecting plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels. ABO caused endothelium-dependent relaxation in the acetylcholine-precontracted aorta of high fat diet-LDLr KO mice. ABO increased eNOS expression, while decreased cell adhesion molecules expression in high fat diet-LDLr KO mice. Conclusions : In conclusion, chronic treatment with ABO improved hyperglycemia and endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation as well as exhibited anti-inflammatory effect in diabetic atherosclerotic mouse model, independent of effects on plasma lipids.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.409-420
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• 2013

Human serum (HS) has been reported to induce aggregation of human eyelid adipose-derived stem cells (HEACs) during high-density culture in vitro. The present study focused on the role of cell adhesion molecules and gelatinases during HS-induced aggregation of HEACs. HS-induced aggregation occurred between 9-15 days of culture. Cells aggregated by HS medium (HS-agg) showed stronger expression of ${\alpha}2$, ${\alpha}2B$, ${\alpha}X$, and CEACAM1 genes compared to non-aggregated cells in HS medium (HS-ex) or in control FBS-cultured cells. HS-agg were distinctly labeled with antibodies against ${\alpha}2$, ${\alpha}2B$, and ${\alpha}X$ proteins. Western blot results demonstrated that the two integrin proteins were greatly expressed in HS-agg compared to HS-ex and control FBS-cultured cells. Treatment of HEACs with anti-integrin ${\alpha}2$ antibody during culture in HS medium delayed aggregation formation. HS-agg exhibited strong expression of MMP1 and MMP9 compared to HS-ex or FBS-cultured cells. Conditioned media from HS-culture showed remarkable increase of MMP9 gelatinolytic activity in comparison to those from FBS-culture. However, there was no change of TIMP mRNA expression in relation to the HS-induced aggregation. Based on these results, it is suggested that integrin ${\alpha}2$, ${\alpha}2B$, and ${\alpha}X$, and MMP9 might play an important role in the HS-induced aggregation of HEACs.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.1093-1100
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• 2015

Acetate and lactate in growth media are detrimental to the production of Thermus maltogenic amylase (ThMA), a heterologous protein, as well as to the growth of recombinant Escherichia coli. Only 50 mM of acetate or 10 mM of lactate reduced 90% of specific ThMA activity. In this study, mutant E. coli strains blocked in the ackA-pta or ackA-pta and ldh pathways were created, characterized, and assessed for their culture performace in 300 L-scale fermentation. The ackApta and ldh double-mutant strain formed significantly less lactate and acetate, and produced a concomitant increase in the excretion of pyruvate (17.8 mM) under anaerobic conditions. The ackA-pta mutant strain accumulated significant acetate but had an approximately 2-fold increase in the formation of lactate. The ackA-pta and ldh double-mutant strain had superior overall performance in large-scale culture under suboptimal conditions, giving 67% higher cell density and 66% higher ThMA activity compared with those of the control strain. The doublemutant strain also achieved a 179% improvement in volumetric ThMA production.