• Journal of agriculture & life science
• /
• v.50 no.1
• /
• pp.137-146
• /
• 2016

This experiment was designed to assess the physical and chemical properties of growing media substituted with a range of increasing concentrations of pretreated wood and to relate these properties to plant growth responses. For preparing the growing media, each material was combined with rural soil, peat, perlite and pretreated wood. Physicochemical properties studied were similar to ideal substrate ranges for plant growth on growing media, including pretreated wood. Physical properties were also well maintained over time. In comparison to plants growing in 100% rural soil, tall fescue(Festuca arundinacea) in the prepared growing media achieved better growth, especially when using the 50% rural soil + 50% PPW(peat + perlite + pretreated wood, 3:1:6(w/w/w)) and 30% rural soil + 70% PPW (peat + perlite + pretreated wood, 3:1:6(w/w/w)), and showed improved germination percentage. We confirmed the potential use of growing media, including pretreated wood. Furthermore, our results show a correlation among the physicochemical properties of tall fescue(Festuca arundinacea); physical properties were significantly influenced by germination and aerial parts. The root length of physicochemical properties was correlated with bulk density and organic compound (p<0.01).

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.38 no.2 s.115
• /
• pp.16-21
• /
• 2006

Uneven ink transfer of a print can be traced to several causes such as an incomplete contact between the paper surface and ink film, a coarse pattern of a continuous ink film after transfer, uneven absorption, etc. Uneven ink transfer was studied in this points by the Tollenaar. Uneven distributions of printed density are reflected in low ${\ulcorner}m{\lrcorner}$ values of the print. Tollenaar's smoothness coefficient ${\ulcorner}m{\lrcorner}$ value was important factor that deciding printed quality which was easily obtain by densitometry. Limiting print density $D_{\infty}$ that obtained Tollenaar's formulation working as a influence factor at the printed quality. In this study, we obtained limiting print density $D_{\infty}$ and smoothness coefficient ${\ulcorner}m{\lrcorner}$ value of domestic newspapers and foreign newspapers. And we analyzed about properties of the newspaper. The result of this study, smoothness coefficient ${\ulcorner}m{\lrcorner}$ value and limiting print density $D_{\infty}$ showed the good results in the low porosity and low roughness newspaper. Datum which obtained by this study was used as printability factor for the quality control and improvement of domestic newspaper and wished to apply as a basic data for the domestic newspaper quality.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.54 no.7
• /
• pp.292-297
• /
• 2011

Purpose: Our study aimed to evaluated sex differences in clinical features of obese high school students. Methods: One hundred three obese high school students (body mass index [BMI]${\geq}$85th percentile) and 51 control students (BMI<85th percentile) were enrolled in this study. Anthropometric measurements were performed. Fasting serum glucose, insulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and high-sensitive C-reactive protein were measured. Abdominal fat thickness, degree of fatty liver, and carotid intima-media thickness were measured by ultrasound. Results: In control and obese groups, waist circumference was significantly longer in boys but body fat mass was Significantly higher in girls. In the control group, total cholesterol and LDL-C were higher in girls. In the obese group, however, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and triglyceride were higher and HDL-C was lower in boys. Preperitoneal fat thickness was significantly higher in obese girls. In obese group, the degree of fatty liver was significantly higher in boys. Carotid intima-media thickness was not significantly different between boys and girls. Conclusion: Obese adolescents had distinguishable sex differences in body measurements, metabolic abnormalities, abdominal fat thickness and fatty liver. We can infer that these characteristics may extend into adult obesity.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.288-294
• /
• 1996

We have investigated the characteristics of recombinant CHO cell growth and erythropoletin(EPO) production at different concentrations of serum and inoculation density. Cell growth and EPO production were increased with the increase of serum concentration and inoculation density. Enhancement of CHO cell growth and EPO production by medium exchange using serum-free medium at the growth phase of cells was studied. It was found that the exchange of culture medium with serum-free medium was favorable for growth of cells and production of EPO. The maximum number of cell and concentration of EPO obtained by exchanging culture medium were $6.2{\times}105cells/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and 7,470units/m1, respectively, compared to $2.1{\times}105cells/\textrm{cm}^2$ and 2,380units/m1 in serum-containing medium without medium exchange. It was observed that CHO cell growth was correlated with EPO production in serum-free media.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.558-564
• /
• 2013

The objective of this research was to secure the fundamental information in changes of soil physical properties as influenced by the compaction of root media during container filling. Three root media were formulated by blending peatmoss (PM) with expanded rice hull (PM + ERH, 8:2, v/v), carbonized rice hull (PM + CRH, 6:4) and ground and aged pine bark (PM + GAPB, 8:2). Based on the optimum bulk density, the amount of root media filled into 6.0, 7.5, 8.5, 10.5 and 12.5 cm were adjusted to 90, 100, 110, 120, and 130%, then the changes in total porosity (TP), container capacity (CC), and air-filled porosity (AFP) were measured. The TP decreased significantly as the packing amount of three root media were elevated in all sizes of container. The TP did not show significant differences among the root media in small sizes of containers, but showed significant differences when sizes of containers became larger. As packing amount of three root media were elevated, the CCs in all sizes of containers were decreased. The PM + CRH had the lowest CC among three root media in containers smaller than 8.5 cm, but had the highest CC in those larger than 10.5 cm. These results indicated that the decreases in CC were influenced by the sizes of containers as well as kinds of root media. The elevation of packing amount in three root media diminished significantly the AFP. The AFP in PM + GAPB medium was two times as high as those of PM + ERH or PM + CRH when equal packing densities were applied in all sizes of containers. As the container sizes became larger in three root media, the extents in decreasing of CC were distinct than those of AFP. Above results indicate that elevation in packing amount of three root media decreased significantly the TP, CC and AFP, but these were influenced differently by sizes of containers and kinds of root media. The results would be useful for expectation in the changes of physical properties in various sizes of containers filled with peatmoss based root media.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.3 no.4
• /
• pp.140-144
• /
• 2005

This study was conducted to verify the cause of suppression symptom in mycelial growth during summer and to be able to establish a countermeasure. Cultivation of Flammulina velutipes was experimented with varying elapsed time of 0, 3, 6, 9 hours after mixing the sawdust media and two kinds of water temperature (normal water, $24^{\circ}C$ and cold water, $6^{\circ}C$) for mixing sawdust media. There were trends of increased media temperature from $24^{\circ}C$ to $31^{\circ}C$ and decreased pH from 6.5 to 5.2~5.6 with varying elapsed time from mixing the media to sterilization. Bacterial density also increased with bacterial density in Medium $24^{\circ}C$ being 1.9~4.1 times higher than that in Medium 6. Growth of F. velutipes was delayed with dual culture of bacteria isolated from sawdust media. Total nitrogen content of sawdust media was lowered by elapsed time from mixing the media to sterilization. The use of normal water($24^{\circ}C$) delayed mushroom growth by 1~2 days compared with that of cold water($6^{\circ}C$). Furthermore, mycelial growth of F. velutipes in the bottle cultivation ceased 9 hours after mixing the media. Primordia formation of F. velutipes was delayed by 1~3 days by elapsed time after mixing sawdust media, while fruit-body yield decreased by 7~12% 6 hours after mixing the media. Fruit-body yield was more stabilized with the use of cold water($6^{\circ}C$) than with that of normal water($24^{\circ}C$). Results showed that it is effective to use cold water as low as $6^{\circ}C$ in mixing media for F. velutipes cultivation, especially during summer when environmental temperature is high, high pressure sterilization after bottling work can prevent bacterial propagation in the media and can stabilize media ingredient.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
• /
• v.10 no.5
• /
• pp.232-236
• /
• 2000

CoSm thin films with a Cr underlayer have received continuous attention as a potential material for a high density longitudinal magnetic recording media. In this study the Ax gas sputtering pressure effects on the magnetic properties of CoSm thin films, which were fabricated by using a dc magnetron sputtering machine, were investigated. The magnetic switching volume is especially important parameter to understand the thermal stability of the written information, magnetization reversal process and media noise. Therefore, in this paper the effects of sputtering pressure on the magnetic switching volume of CoSm thin films grown on Cr underlayer with the same sputtering conditions was studied. As the Ar sputtering pressure during sputtering of the CoSm magnetic layer increases from 5 to 30 mTorr, the measured switching volumes decreased from 9.0 to 5.2$\times$10$^{-18}$ cm$^3$. The calculated diameter of switching unit from V＊ was less than 22 nm, which satisfies the Sharrock's requirement on the thermal stability of the high density longitudinal magnetic recording media.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.771-777
• /
• 2008

Chungpaesagan-tang which is used for treating patients of brain in cerebrovascular disease frequently from clinical doctor has not reported about the effect of neuronal aptosis caused of brain ischemia. The aim of this study is to investigate effect of Chungpaesagan-tang protecting neuronal cells from being damaged by brain ischemia through using organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. We caused ischemic damage to organotypic hippocampal slice cultures by oxygen and glucose deprivation. And added Chungpaesagan-tang extract to cultures. thereafter we measured area percentage of propidium iodide (PI)-stained neuronal cell, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in culture media and Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells. Area percentage of PI-stained neuronal cells and count of TUNEL-positive cells in CA1 and DG area of organotypic hippocampal slice culture were significantly decreased in pertinent density level of Chungpaesagan-tang extract. LDH levels in culture media of organotypic hippocampal slice culture were significantly decreased in pertinent density level of Chungpaesagan-tang extract. Within pertinent density level, Chungpaesagan-tang has cell protection effect that prevents brain ischemia damaging neuronal cells and apoptosis increasing.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.231-242
• /
• 2008

Objectives : We can find out the experimental reports of Yanggyuksanhwa-tang, which has the function of regulating blood pressure related with cerebral disease, and increasing local cerebral blood stream volume, also has the recoveries for the damage of vessel endothelium, and endothelium hypertrophy caused by angiospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage, and reduces the contraction of smooth muscle, so simultaneously improves necrosis. The aim of this study is to investigate effect of Yanggyuksanhwa-tang protecting neuronal cells from being damaged by brain ischemia through using organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. Methods : We caused ischemic damage to organotypic hippocampal slice cultures by oxygen and glucose deprivation, and Yanggyuksanhwa-tang extract was added to cultures. Thereafter we measured area percentage of propidium iodide (PI)-stained neuronal cell, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in culture media and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells. Results : Area percentage of PI-stained neuronal cells and count of TUNEL-positive cells in CA1 and DG area of organotypic hippocampal slice culture were significantly decreased in pertinent density level of Yanggyuksanhwa-tang extract. LDH levels in culture media of organotypic hippocampal slice culture were significantly decreased in pertinent density level of Yanggyuksanhwa-tang extract. Conclusions : Within pertinent density level, Yanggyuksanhwa-tang has cell protection effect that prevents brain ischemia damaging neuronal cells and apoptosis increasing.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.43 no.5
• /
• pp.788-793
• /
• 2016

Post-weaning diarrhea (PWD), mostly caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), remains to be a major source of economic loss in swine industry. The use of the ETEC-oral challenge model is often applied to mimic unsanitary commercial swine farm conditions where pathogens and unknown complex microbes exist and can cause severe infections in pigs. The purpose of this study was (1) to estimate ETEC density using spectrophotometric computation, (2) to determine survivability of ETEC after storing at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 7 days, and (3) to evaluate survivability of ETEC after blending with diluted sweeteners (0, 5, 10, 20, and 40% sucrose in phosphate buffered saline [PBS]). Cell density was quantified using UV-VIS spectrophotometer and counting ETEC colony forming units (cfu) at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, and 240 min. The established linear equation ($y=0.0031x^2-0.0079x+0.0043$ and $y=0.0046x^2-0.0151x+0.0113$) was used for robust quantification of each ETEC cell density. ETEC stored at $-20^{\circ}C$ showed 108 cfu/mL after thawing and incubation. When ETEC was blended with sweeteners (20 and 40%), survival of ETEC was decreased by 58 and 54% in 5 min post blending. However, addition of 20% of sweetener resulted in a higher survivability than those with other media concentrations. Therefore, the use of ETEC-oral challenge model would be possible as a stable method if we could confirm the appropriate medium that increases survivability of ETEC in weaner pigs.