• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.251-257
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate the growth rate, hematological and serological changes of the rats when they were fed with the high(at diets supplemented with or without chitosan for five weeks. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley male rats($235.7{\pm}10.7g$ of body weight) were randomly divided into three groups control group(C) and two treatment groups. Rats in the control group were fed with the high-fat diet containing 10% lard, 1% cholesterol and 0.5% sodium cholate(w/w) which was modified from the formula of the American Institute of Nutrition-76(AIN-76) diet. Rats in treatment groups were red with above diet supplemented with 2.5% of chitosan(CS-2.5) or 5.0% chitosan(CS-5) on the weight to weight basis, respectively. The supplementation of chitosan did not induce any significant difference on the final body weight, gain of body weight and amount of feed intake of rats in between control and treatment groups but the feed efficiency of rats in CS-5 was lower than that of rats in C(p<0.05). The hemoglobin concentrations and hematocrit values showed no significant differences among groups. In addition the values of glucose concentration, total protein, albumin, globulin and albumin/globulin(A/G) ratio showed no significant differences among groups. The values of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C) in sera of rats in CS-5 were lower than those in both C and CS-2.5(p<0.01). The values of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) in sera of rats in CS-5 were higher than in both in C and CS-2.5(p<0.05). The values of atherogenic index(AI) of rats in CS-5 were the lowest among groups(p<0.01). AI of CS-2.5 were lower than that or C(p<0.05). The values of triglyceride in sera of rats showed no significant differences among groups. The values of AST in sera of rats in CS-2.5 were lower than those in both C and CS-5(p<0.05). However ALT values showed no significant differences among groups. Therefore the supplementation of chitosan to high fat diet reduced effectively the serum lipid levels such as total cholesterol, LDL-C and triglycerides which were regarded as to cause the cardiovascular diseases moreover it elevated effectively HDL-C value which was regarded protect cardiovascular diseases.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.14-17
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• 1999

Tin oxide films as an anode layer for microbatteries were deposited by using rf magnetron sputtering. Characterization of the films was carried out in terms of working pressure in the range of 5~30 mtorr. Rf power and substrate temperature during deposition were fixed at 2.5W/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and A.T., respectively. The crystal orientation of $SnO_2$films was changed from (110) to (101) or (211) with the increasing working pressure. Refractive index and film density of the films also decreased with the increasing working pressure. The $SnO_2$ thin film formed under optimum conditions was found to have a reversible capacity of 446.9$\mu$Ah/$\textrm{cm}^2$-$\mu\textrm{m}$ and good reversibility when the working pressure was fixed at 10mtorr. As the working pressure decreased, film density increased. It was thought that the capacity of $SnO_2$films increased due to the increase in the amount of active materials which can react with Li electrochemically. Furthermore, cycle characteristics of the anode material was also influenced by film stress.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.166-178
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was no investigate serum lipid levels of primary school children and to estimate their intakes of total fat and fatty acids. Subjects fasting blood samples were obtained and analyzed for serum triglycerides(TG), total cholesterol(Chol) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-Chol). Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-Chol), LDL-Chol/HDL-Chol ratio(LPH), and atherogenic index(AI) were calculated,. Dietary intake of nutrients was assessed by means of a 24-hour recall method using food models and other measuring tools . The serum levels of TG, Chol and LDL-Chol in girls were higher than those in boys, but the serum HDL-Chol level of girls was lower than that of boys. As the degree of obesity increased, the serum TG level of girls was lower than that of boys. As the degree of oesity increased , the serum TG level of girls increased. The serum LDL-Chol level was higher in obese boys than in normal ones. Percentage s of subjects at risk of cardiovascular disease based on corresponding criteria of TG, Chol,HDL-CHol and LDL-Chol were 25.9%, 7.6%, 20.7% and 10.1%, respectively. The serum TG level of children provided with the national school lunch program(NSLP) was lower than that of children without NLSP. The total fat intake of boys was higher than that of girls, but calorie-adjusted fat intake became similar between the two groups. Intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA), monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA) and saturated fatty acids(SFA) were 13.3$\pm$9.5g, 16.1$\pm$9.3g and 21.4$\pm$14.2g in boys, respecitively , and 12.6$\pm$11.3g, 15.3$\pm$9.7g and 19.9$\pm$13.1g in girls, respectively . The ratios of polyunsaturated /monoun-saturated /saturated /saturated fatty acids(P/M/S) in boys and girls were 0.7/0.8/1.0 and 0.8/0.8/1.0 respectively. The ratios of $\omega$6/$\omega$3 fatty acids in boys and girls were found to be 12.1 /1.0 and 8.6/1.0 , respectively. These results indicated the urgent need of nutritional education in primary schools to prevent further increase in childhood obesity and hyperlipidemia . Therefore, this study will contribute to the establishment of dietary guidelines and health recommendation for school children.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.31 no.1 s.60
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• pp.59-71
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• 1998

To examine the association of hypertension with cluster of obesity, abnormal glucose and dyslipidemia in Korean urban population, we conducted this cross-sectional study among 3027 men and 2127 women age 20-85 years who visited a prevention center between May 1991 and June 1995 for a multiphasic health check at St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul. By the self-administered questionnaire, the informations of educational attainments, monthly income, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and physical excercise level were obtained. Height, weight, and blood pressure were measured by a trained nurse. The fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglyceride were tested by enzyme method. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was calculated by 'total cholesterol - HDL cholesterol - triglyceride/5'. For testing the differences of cardiovascular risk factors between hypertension and normotension group, 1-test and $\chi^2$-test were performed. For the age adjusted odds ratios of hypertension in persons with obesity, abnormal glucose, and dyslipidemia compared with normal, logistic regression was performed by using SAS pakageprograme. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Age, weight, body mass index(BMI), blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride of hypertension group in men and women were significantly higher than normotension group, but height and HDL cholesterol of hypertension group only in women significantly lower than normotension group. The frequency of obesity $(BMI\geq25kg/m^2)$, abnormal glucose $(\geq\;120mg/dl)$, hypercholesterolemia $(\geq\;240mg/dl)$, lower HDL cholesterol (<45 mg/dl in women only), higher LDL cholesterol $(\geq\;160mg/dl)$, and hyper hypertriglyceridemia $(\geq\;250mg/dl)$ in hypertension group of men and women were significantly higher than normotension group. 2. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were negatively correlated with hight, but positively with age, weight, BMI, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride in men and women. BMI was positively correlated with fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride but negatively with HDL cholesterol. 3. The age adjusted odds ratios of hypertension were as follows in men and women : among persons who were obese compared with those nonobese, 2.53 (95% Confidence Intervals [C.I.] 2.08-3.07) and 2.22 (95%C.I. 1.71-2.87): among persons who were abnormal glucose compared with those normoglycemic, 1.43 (95%C.I 1.13-1.82) and 2.01 (95%C.I 1.36-2.94): and among persons who were dyslipidemia (hypercholesterolemia or lower HDL cholesterol or higher LDL cholesterol or hypertriglyceridemia) compared with those normal lipid, 1.59 (95%C.I 1.30-1.95) and 1.51 (95%C.I 1.16-1.96). After combined more than one risk factor, the odds ratios were increased. Among persons with cluster of obesity, abnormal glucose, and dyslipidemia, the odds ratio of hypertension was 2.25 (95%C.I 1.47-3.37) in men and 3.02 (95%C.I 1.71-5.30) in women. In conclusion, it was suggested that hypertension was associated with cluster of obesity, abnormal glucose, dyslipidemia in this Korean urban population.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.265-280
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• 2011

The temporal dynamics of the meiofauna community in Marian Cove, King George Island, Antarctica were observed from March 7 to December 21 2007. Nine meiofauna taxa were found, with nematodes the most dominant group, making up 92.97% of the total meiofauna density, followed by harpacticoid copepods (3.18%). Meiofauna abundance ranged from 123 to 874 individuals per 10 $cm^2$ (mean 464 inds.10 $cm^{-2}$), which is lower than that found in some polar and temperate regions. The lowest meiofauna abundance was found in the 26th April sample (III) and the highest meiofauna abundance was found in the March 23rd sample (II). There was no correlation between meiofauna abundance and season. The seasonal changes were likely caused by meltwater runoff, and there were the physical disturbances on the bottom sediment by huge iceberg. Biomass of meiofauna varied between 20.36 and 101.02 ${\mu}gC{\cdot}10\;cm^{-2}$, and overall mean biomass was 54.17 ${\mu}gC{\cdot}10\;cm^{-2}$ during the study periods. More than 80% of meiofauna was concentrated in the upper 2 cm of the sediment, and density decreased with depth. The mean diversity index was 0.37, and the ratio between the abundance of nematodes: and harpacticoids (N/C) ratio ranged from 7.31 to 95.04 (mean 26.39). NMDS analysis divided the community into three groups: A (III, IV, V, VII, VIII), B (II, IX, XI, XII) and C (I, V, X). The results of ANOSIM and SIMPER analysis revealed significant differences in community structure among three groups and major contributed meiofauna taxon in grouping were nematodes and copepods. No significant correlations were observed between major meiofauna taxon and environmental factors. Thirteen species in 12 genera representing nine families of harpacicoids were recorded. Ancorabolidae was the most diverse family, and Heteropsyllidae was the most abundant. The correlation analysis between benthic harpacticoid copepods and environmental factors showed that some species were affected by water temperature, sediment temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a concentration, grain size of the sediments and heavy metal contents of the sediments. These data describe the usefulness of benthic harpacticoid copepods as biological indicator species in Antarctic regions.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.156-160
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• 2010

This study was performed to provide useful information for kentucky bluegrass management during summer by application of plant growth regulator, Trinexapac-ethyl. Visual quality, shoot density and chlorophyll contents of treatment blocks were significantly different from those of control during summer by application of Trinexapac-ethyl. The turfgrass density of treatment was increased of 4ea/$10\;cm^2$, especially about 5ea/$10\;cm^2$ during the growth retarded period of June and July. Chlorophyll contents index and visual quality of kentucky bluegrass were improved by application of Trinexapac-ethyl during summer, too. In addition, the occurrence of foliage in rainy and high temperature season was less than that of control. However, there was no significant difference in the root length of Kentucky Bluegrass. Meanwhiles, mowing height of kentucky Bluegrass was suppressed by 38% at 2 WAT week after treatment and that there was no significant growth of treatment at 4 WAT. In this experiment, turfgrass quality was significantly better than that of control during July, even though trinexapac-ethyl wasn't applied at all in July. Consequently, periodic treatment of trinexapac- ethyl from spring would be very important to promote the turfgrass visual quality during summer which is unfavorable season on the growth of kentucky bluegrass. And it is possible to reduce mowing times at least 30% for 2 weeks by one application of Trinexapac-ethyl 0.02~0.03 ml/$m^2$ in kentucky bluegrass fairway. Additively, trinexapac- ethyl treatment can be helpful environmentally by cutting down the fertilizers and pesticides in golf course.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.958-965
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• 2015

Lycopene, a red non-provitamin A carotenoid, mainly presenting in tomato and tomato byproducts, has the highest antioxidant activity among carotenoids because of its high number of conjugated double bonds. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of lycopene supplementation in the diet on plasma lipid profile, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system in feedlot lamb. Twenty-eight Bamei male lambs (90 days old) were divided into four groups and fed a basal diet (LP0, 40:60 roughage: concentrate) or the basal diet supplemented with 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg lycopene. After 120 days of feeding, all lambs were slaughtered and sampled. Dietary lycopene supplementation significantly reduced the levels of plasma total cholesterol (p<0.05, linearly), total triglycerides (TG, p<0.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, p<0.05), as well as atherogenic index (p<0.001), whereas no change was observed in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p>0.05). The levels of TG (p<0.001) and LDL-C (p<0.001) were decreased with the feeding time extension, and both showed a linear trend (p<0.01). Malondialdehyde level in plasma and liver decreased linearly with the increase of lycopene inclusion levels (p<0.01). Dietary lycopene intake linearly increased the plasma antioxidant vitamin E level (p<0.001), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC, p<0.05), and activities of catalase (CAT, p<0.01), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px, p<0.05) and superoxide dismutase (SOD, p<0.05). The plasma T-AOC and activities of GSH-Px and SOD decreased with the extension of the feeding time. In liver, dietary lycopene inclusion showed similar antioxidant effects with respect to activities of CAT (p<0.05, linearly) and SOD (p<0.001, linearly). Therefore, it was concluded that lycopene supplementation improved the antioxidant status of the lamb and optimized the plasma lipid profile, the dosage of 200 mg lycopene/kg feed might be desirable for growing lambs to prevent environment stress and maintain normal physiological metabolism.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.80-87
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• 2016

Purpose: This study examined the effects of duck meats with turmeric powder on blood lipids in 10 female university students. Methods: The subjects received duck meat with 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4% turmeric powder and glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol in their serums after 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min were measured. Results: The average height, weight, and body mass index of subjects were $159.6{\pm}2.6cm$, $51.3{\pm}3.5kg$, and $20.1{\pm}1.0$, respectively. The fasting glucose, ${\gamma}-glutamyl$ transferase (GGT), glutamic pyruvic transferase (GPT), glutamic oxaloacetic transferase (GOT), c-reactive protein (CRP), and hemoglobin were within the normal range. The ${\Delta}-AUC$ (area under the curve) of postprandial glucose, TG did not change, but ${\Delta}-AUC$ of postprandial total cholesterol and LDL were significantly decreased, and HDL was increased by intake of the duck meat with turmeric powder. Conclusion: This study shows that duck meats with turmeric powder affected the postprandial blood lipid levels.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.549-558
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of aerobic exercise on the blood lipids, leptin, ghrelin, and HOMA-IR factors in obese postmenopausal Korean women. Thirty-six healthy postmenopausal women (mean age, $54.47{\pm}2.50$ years) with >32 % body fat were assigned randomly to an aerobic exercise group (n = 18) or to a "no exercise" control group (n = 18). The subjects' body composition, blood lipid, leptin, ghrelin levels, and HOMA-IR were measured before and after a 16-week line-dancing program. The exercise group showed a significant decrease in body weight, percent body fat, body mass index, visceral fat area, leptin, insulin, glucose, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. In addition, this group exhibited a significant increase in the apolipoprotein A-I, ghrelin, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The energy metabolic factors that influenced the visceral fat included ghrelin, leptin, insulin, glucose, and HOMA-IR. The t-value, which determined the statistical significance of the independent variables, was significant for ghrelin, glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR (p < 0.05). Regular and continuous aerobic exercise (e.g., line dancing) effectively improved the body composition, visceral fat, serum blood lipids, leptin, ghrelin, and HOMA-IR factors in obese postmenopausal Korean women.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.336-341
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: It is expected that dairy products such as cheeses, which are the main source of cholesterol and saturated fat, may lead to the development or increase the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases; however, the results of different studies are inconsistent. This study was conducted to assess the association between cheese consumption and cardiovascular risk factors in an Iranian adult population. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Information from the Isfahan Healthy Heart Program (IHHP) was used for this cross-sectional study with a total of 1,752 participants (782 men and 970 women). Weight, height, waist and hip circumference measurement, as well as fasting blood samples were gathered and biochemical assessments were done. To evaluate the dietary intakes of participants a validated food frequency questionnaire, consists of 49 items, was completed by expert technicians. Consumption of cheese was classified as less than 7 times per week and 7-14 times per week. RESULTS: Higher consumption of cheese was associated with higher C-Reactive Protein (CRP), apolipoprotein A and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level but not with fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG) and apolipoprotein B. Higher consumption of cheese was positively associated with consumption of liquid and solid oil, grain, pulses, fruit, vegetable, meat and dairy, and negatively associated with Global Dietary Index. After control for other potential confounders the association between cheese intake and metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.81; 96%CI: 0.71-0.94), low HDL-C level (OR: 0.87; 96%CI: 0.79-0.96) and dyslipidemia (OR: 0.88; 96%CI: 0.79-0.98) became negatively significant. CONCLUSION: This study found an inverse association between the frequency of cheese intake and cardiovascular risk factors; however, further prospective studies are required to confirm the present results and to illustrate its mechanisms.