• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.23 no.4_2
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• pp.669-674
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• 2020

Liquid-phase-sintered (LPS) SiC materials were briefly examined with their microstructure and mechanical property. Especially, effect of high-temperature exposure on the tendency of fracture toughness of LPS-SiC were introduced. The LPS-SiC was fabricated in hot-press by sintering powder mixture of sub-micron SiC and sintering additives of Al₂O₃-Y₂O₃. LPS-SiC represented dense morphology and SiC grain-growth with some amount of micro-pores and clustered additives as pore-filling. The strength of LPS-SiC might affected by distribution of micro-pores. LPS-SiC tended to decrease fracture toughness depending on increasing exposure temperature and time.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.205-210
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• 2015

NbN coatings were prepared by ICP (inductively coupled plasma) assisted magnetron sputtering from a Nb metal target in $Ar+N_2$ atmosphere at various ICP powers. Effect of ICP on the microstructure, crystalline structure and mechanical properties of NbN coatings was investigated by field emission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and nanoindentation measurements. The results show that ICP power has a significant influence on coating microstructure, structure and mechanical properties of NbN coatings. With the increasing of ICP power, coating microstructure evolves from the columnar structure of DC process to a highly dense one. Crystalline structure of NbN coatings were changed from cubic ${\delta}$-NbN to hexagonal ${\beta}-Nb_2N$ with increase of ICP power. The maximum nano hardness of 25.4 GPa with Ra roughness of 0.5 nm was obtained from the NbN coating sputtered at ICP power of 200 W.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.376-381
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• 2016

The effects of ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) power, ranging from 0 to 200 W, on the crystal structure, microstructure, surface roughness and mechanical properties of magnetron sputtered VN coatings were systematically investigated with FE-SEM, AFM, XRD and nanoindentation. The results show that ICP power has a significant influence on coating microstructure and mechanical properties of VN coatings. With the increasing of ICP power, coating microstructure evolves from a porous columnar structure to a highly dense one. Average crystal grain size of single phase cubic fcc VN coatings was decreased from 10.1 nm to 4.0 nm with increase of ICP power. The maximum hardness of 28.2 GPa was obtained for the coatings deposited at ICP power of 200 W. The smoothest surface morphology with Ra roughness of 1.7 nm was obtained from the VN coating sputtered at ICP power of 200 W.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.41-45
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• 2010

The ZnO thin films doped with Ga(GZO) and both Ga and Ge(GZO:Ge) were deposited on glass substrate by using RF sputtering system respectively. Structural, morphological and optical properties of the films deposited in the same condition were investigated. Structural properties of the films were investigated by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, FE-SEM images and X-ray diffraction, XRD analysis. These studies showed shape of films' surface and direction of film growth respectively. It's showed that all films were deposited by vertical orientation strongly. It can be confirmed that all dopants of targets were included in deposited films by results of EDX analysis. UV-Vis spectrometer results showed that all samples had highly transparent characteristics in visible region and have similar 3.28~3.31 eV band gap. It was found that existence of all dopants by EDX analysis. Morphology and roughness of surface of each film were clearly shown by Atomic Force Microscopy, AFM images. It was found in this research that film doped with Ge more dense and stable with hardly any difference in gap energy compared to ZnO films.

• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
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• v.73 no.10
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• pp.1535-1540
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• 2018

In this study, we prepared and characterized Nb-doped $Li_7La_3Zr_{2-x}O_{12}$ (LLZNO) powder and pellets with a cubic garnet structure by using a modified sol-gel synthesis and hot pressing. LLZNO powder with a very small grain size and cubic structure without secondary phases could be obtained by using a synthesis method in which Li and La sources in a propanol solvent were mixed together with Zr and Nb sources in 2-methoxy ethanol. A pure cubic phase LLZNO pellet could be fabricated from the prepared LLZNO and an additional 6-wt% of $Li_2CO_3$ powder by hot pressing at $1050^{\circ}C$ and 15.8 MPa. The hot-pressed LLZNO pellet with a relative density of 99% exhibited a very dense surface morphology. The total Li ionic conductivity of the hot-pressed LLZNO was $7.4{\times}10^{-4}S/cm$ at room temperature, which is very high level compared to other reported values. The activation energy for ionic conduction was estimated to be 0.40 eV.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.252-256
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• 2023

The galvanostatic polarization technique was used to accelerate corrosion in high chromium cast iron (HCCI) immersed in a simulated slurry solution of 0.1 mol dm^-3 H₂SO₄, 0.05 mol dm^-3 HCl, and 10 wt% SiC. The HCCI contained 27 wt% of Cr and 2.8 wt% of C, and its microstructure mainly comprised austenitic and carbide phases. A two-electrode system using a dense carbon rod and the HCCI sample was employed for the galvanostatic polarization by applying an anodic current for 24 hours. The corrosion rate increased upon applying the anodic current, but the increase was not significant, particularly for current densities higher than 10 µA cm^-2. Following polarization, the corrosion morphology revealed that the anodic current accelerated surface corrosion in the HCCI; however while the depth of the corroded area increased, the increase was not substantial. The propagation behavior of the anodic current and its impact on corrosion were further discussed.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.5-8
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• 2006

The growth properties of MOD-YBCO films were investigated. To enhance the growth rate of YBCO layer and inhibit the build-up of HF gas during the annealing process in TFA-MOD for YBCO coated conductors the method of low pressure annealing was employed. Total pressure was changed from 700Torr to 1Torr and its effect on growth of YBCO films was compared with atmospheric one. The lower Pressure was effective to control of the pore size in MOD method . Surface morphology of YBCO films processed at low total pres sure was rough and composed of random YBCO (103) grains. But large pores, usually observed at atmospheric process in MOD disappeared and also the number of pores was reduced at low pressure annealing. Also discussed ate the effects of Fluorine-free Y and Cu precursor solution on the development of microstructure. Dense surface me phology and with less and small pores can be provided through controlling Fluorine content.

• Journal of Ceramic Processing Research
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.810-814
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• 2017

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are some of the most efficient electrochemical energy sources for transportation applications because of their clean, green, and high efficiency characteristics. The optimization of catalyst layer morphology is considered a feasible approach to achieve high performance of PEMFC membrane electrode assembly (MEA). In this work, we studied the effect of the solvent on the catalyst layer of PEMFC MEAs fabricated using the electrostatic spray deposition method. The catalyst ink comprised of Pt/C, a Nafion ionomer, and a solvent. Two types of solvent were used: isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and dimethylformamide (DMF). Compared with the catalyst layer prepared using IPA-based ink, the catalyst layer prepared with DMF-based ink had a dense structure because the DMF dispersed the Pt/C-Nafion agglomerates smaller and more homogeneously. The size distribution of the agglomerates in catalyst ink was confirmed through Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and the microstructure of the catalyst layer was compared using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). In addition, the electrochemical investigation was performed to evaluate the solvent effect on the fuel cell performance. The catalyst layer prepared with DMF-based ink significantly enhanced the cell performance (1.2 A cm-2 at 0.5 V) compared with that fabricated using IPA-based ink (0.5 A cm-2 at 0.5 V) due to the better dispersion and uniform agglomeration on the catalyst layer.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.38.1-38.1
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• 2020

Recent integral field spectroscopy observations have found that about 11% of galaxies show star-gas misalignment. The misalignment possibly results from external effects such as gas accretion, interaction with other objects, and other environmental effects, hence providing clues to these effects. We explore the properties of misaligned galaxies using Horizon-AGN, a large-volume cosmological simulation, and compare the result with the result of the Sydney-AAO Multi-object integral field spectrograph (SAMI) Galaxy Survey. Horizon-AGN can match the overall misalignment fraction and reproduces the distribution of misalignment angles found by observations surprisingly closely. The misalignment fraction is found to be highly correlated with galaxy morphology both in observations and in the simulation: early-type galaxies are substantially more frequently misaligned than late-type galaxies. The gas fraction is another important factor associated with misalignment in the sense that misalignment increases with decreasing gas fraction. However, there is a significant discrepancy between the SAMI and Horizon-AGN data in the misalignment fraction for the galaxies in dense (cluster) environments. We discuss possible origins of misalignment and disagreement. This presentation is mainly based on the published work Khim et al. 2020, ApJ, 894, 106 (17pp).

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.197-208
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• 2023

Rate-dependent mechanical response of sand, subjected to loading of medium to high strain rate range, is of interest for several civilian and military applications. Such rate-dependent response can vary significantly based on the initial density state of the sand, applied confining pressure, considered strain rate range, drainage condition and sand morphology. A numerical study has been carried out employing a recently proposed visco-plastic constitutive model to explore the rate-dependent mechanical behaviour of Toyoura sand under drained triaxial loading condition. The model parameters have been calibrated using the experimental data on Toyoura sand available in published literature. Under strain rates higher than a reference strain rate, the simulation results are found to be in good agreement with the experimentally observed characteristic shearing behaviour of sand, which includes increased shear strength, pronounced post-peak softening and suppressed compression. The rate-dependent response, subjected to intermediate strain rate range, has further been assessed in terms of enhancement of peak shear strength and peak friction angle over varying initial density and confining pressure. The simulation results indicate that the rate-induced strength increase is highest for the dense state and such strength enhancements remain nearly independent of the applied confinement level.