• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.379-398
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• 2014

This pilot study explored the effect of mental demand on a Web searcher's thoughts, emotions, efforts, and performance in Web searches in order to address whether or not there is any difference between searchers exposed to mental demand manipulation and searchers not exposed. Research data were collected via think-aloud protocol (TAP) with a dual-task in experiments and interviews with 10 subjects who participated in this study. For the searcher's thoughts, relevance judgment was found to be hindered by mental demand. For the searcher's emotions, the experimental group was more frustrated than the control group. With respect to the searcher's efforts, searchers for the experimental group with mental demand manipulation were more likely to spend more time, make fewer queries, and visit fewer pages but work harder to find more relevant information that they needed. Lastly, with regard to the searcher's performance, it is likely that performance was highly dependent upon the completion of the search tasks for both groups. The NASA-TLX six components and cognitive load scores of searchers did not make a significant difference in the outcome. The findings support the use of a dual-task methodology as a promising approach for the assessment of cognitive load induced by complex Web searches.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.175.1-175
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• 2001

This paper handles main automation facilities and important control issues for hot rolling mill processes. Starting from the general procedures of production cycle, detailed tension control applications are handled based on field experiences and published research papers. Nowadays, quality control and delivery time control for products is becoming more and more important as the client demand is tighter than any other period. In this respect, control technology in steel making process takes very important position. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to share control problems with the people in academic field and by doing so, to get new and striking solution for the problems.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2010

This study investigated the relationships between Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), contributing factors, and the occupational stress of physical therapists. Self-reported questionnaires were given to 180 physical therapists in Gangwon Province. Variables examined included the prevalence of pain sites related to WMSDs; pain intensity; pain pattern; and job stress, which is thought to involve the physical environment; job demand; insufficient job control; interpersonal conflict; job insecurity; organizational system; reward system; and occupational culture. Among physical therapists, work-related musculoskeletal pain commonly affected the low back (30.1%), shoulder (29.3%), and wrist (12.2%). The sites of work-related musculoskeletal pain treated medically were the low back (22.8%), shoulder (19.8%), neck (12.7%), and wrist (12.1%). "Repeating the same work constantly" was suggested to be the major cause of the pain. The younger therapists were significantly more likely to feel high job stress due to the physical environment (p<.05), job demand (p<.05), and organizational system (p<.01). Women were more likely to feel greater job stress related to job demand, insufficient job control, the organization system, and job rewards. Men were more likely to feel greater job stress related to job insecurity. Weak positive relationships were observed between work-related musculoskeletal pain and job stress, which is thought to involve the physical environment; job demand; insufficient job control; interpersonal conflict; job insecurity; organizational system; reward system; and occupational culture. Physical therapists appear to be at higher risk of WMSDs because 80.1% of the physical therapists studied experienced work-related musculoskeletal pain. To reduce the risk, we need intervention strategies such as preventive education, ergonomically designed medical equipment, a psychosocial approach to work conditions, improved mechanical conditions related to therapeutic patterns, and an institutional infrastructure with sufficient personnel and scheduling.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.365-372
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• 2014

In this paper, We implement a power-saving and efficient measures in buildings using the smart-meter. In order to save electric power energy, We propose an improved automatic power-factor controller(APFC) and demand control measures. This is achieved by controlling directly circuit breakers and the capacitor bank feeders in real time via a two-way smart-meter's ICT skills. Improved APFC is minimizing installation costs by series-parallel connecting heterologous capacitors to form a more diverse capacitor banking and controlling using the smart-meter. In order to suppress the demand power, We have designed a smart-meter with communication functions using Atmel's AVR465 and tested an operated lodging building for 24-hours. As a result, We made sure to always retained more than 95% power factor and did not occur over compensation.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.155-165
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• 2014

This study measured and compared the variation of ventilation rate and fan energy consumption according to various control strategies after installing wireless sensor-based pilot ventilation system in order to verify the applicability of demand-controlled ventilation (DCV) strategy that was efficient ventilation control strategy for underground parking lot. The underground parking lot pilot ventilation system controlled the ventilation rate by directly or indirectly tracking the traffic load in real-time after sensing data, using vehicle detection sensors and carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) sensor. The ventilation system has operated for 9 hours per a day. It responded real-time data every 10 minutes, providing ventilation rate in conformance with the input traffic load or contaminant level at that time. A ventilation rate of pilot ventilation system can be controlled at 8 levels. The reason is that a ventilation unit consists of 8 high-speed nozzle jet fans. This study proposed vehicle detection sensor based demand-controlled ventilation (VDS-DCV) strategy that would accurately trace direct traffic load and CO sensor based demand-controlled ventilation (CO-DCV) strategy that would indirectly estimate traffic load through the concentration of contaminants. In order to apply DCV strategy based on real-time traffic load, the minimum required ventilation rate per a single vehicle was applied. It was derived through the design ventilation rate and total parking capacity in the underground parking lot. This is because current ventilation standard established per unit floor area or unit volume of the space made it difficult to apply DCV strategy according to the real-time variation of traffic load. According to the results in this study, two DCV strategies in the underground parking lot are considered to be a good alternative approach that satisfies both energy saving and healthy indoor environment in comparison with the conventional control strategies.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.319-342
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• 2022

This study analyzed the effect of pay-as-you-throw bag prices on domestic waste through the natural experiment difference in difference with synthetic control method using cases of price cuts in some districts in Busan in 2019. In order to consider the endogenous problem when estimating demand and price elasticity, the price-invariant district was set as a synthetic control group and the price-cutting district was set as a treatment group. As a result of the analysis, the price elasticity of demand was 0.05~0.11, and the price of the pay-as-you-throw bag had little effect in sales. This seems to be because pay-as-you-throw bag is necessities and account for a very small proportion of household income. This suggests that a policy that can shift the demand curve will be more effective than a price policy to achieve the waste reduction goal because the demand curve is almost vertical.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.30.1-30.16
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• 2024

Background: Biofilms, such as those from Staphylococcus epidermidis, are generally insensitive to traditional antimicrobial agents, making it difficult to inhibit their formation. Although quercetin has excellent antibiofilm effects, its clinical applications are limited by the lack of sustained and targeted release at the site of S. epidermidis infection. Objectives: Polyethylene glycol-quercetin nanoparticles (PQ-NPs)-loaded gelatin-N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan (N,O-CMCS) composite nanogels were prepared and assessed for the on-demand release potential for reducing S. epidermidis biofilm formation. Methods: The formation mechanism, physicochemical characterization, and antibiofilm activity of PQ-nanogels against S. epidermidis were studied. Results: Physicochemical characterization confirmed that PQ-nanogels had been prepared by the electrostatic interactions between gelatin and N,O-CMCS with sodium tripolyphosphate. The PQ-nanogels exhibited obvious pH and gelatinase-responsive to achieve on-demand release in the micro-environment (pH 5.5 and gelatinase) of S. epidermidis. In addition, PQ-nanogels had excellent antibiofilm activity, and the potential antibiofilm mechanism may enhance its antibiofilm activity by reducing its relative biofilm formation, surface hydrophobicity, exopolysaccharides production, and eDNA production. Conclusions: This study will guide the development of the dual responsiveness (pH and gelatinase) of nanogels to achieve on-demand release for reducing S. epidermidis biofilm formation.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.197-202
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• 2015

A smart grid is a modernized electrical grid that uses information about the behaviors of suppliers and consumers in an automated fashion to improve the efficiency, reliability, economics, and sustainability of the production and distribution of electricity. In the operation of a smart grid, demand side management (DSM) plays an important role in allowing customers to make informed decisions regarding their energy consumption. In addition, it helps energy providers reduce peak load demand and reshapes the load profile. In this paper, we propose a new DSM scheduling scheme that makes use of the day-ahead pricing strategy. Based on the Rubinstein-Stahl bargaining model, our pricing strategy allows consumers to make informed decisions regarding their power consumption, while reducing the peak-to-average ratio. With a simulation study, it is demonstrated that the proposed scheme can increase the sustainability of a smart grid and reduce overall operational costs.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.119-125
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• 2007

As competition in manufacturing enterprise is contested, the scope of safely production planning, manufacturing enterprise should ensure, has been reduced. The more upstream of SCM, the more reduction of scope of production planning. As a result, order fluctuation is more sharply contested. Through improving the logistics network, it is best way that the end user's demand information is conveyed to upstream of SCM, but it is difficult in fact. In this paper, it mention the way of robustic adjustment, in the suppliers' point of view, the end user's demand information is dammed up, as they postpone responding the customer's order as a possible. And it will show the result of appling the way, as a case study.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.145-148
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• 2007

Although the embedded network-engine is a demand of time, it is observed that up to this time the network-engines are not sufficient to control the input and output device for Video On Demand (VOD). In this paper we have proposed the wireless network-engine with the capability of controlling the input and output device.