• Title/Summary/Keyword: delay term

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Possible Methods of Identifying Underground Cavities Using Seismic Waves (지진파를 이용한 지하 공동의 탐지 방법)

  • 김소구;마상윤;김지수
    • The Journal of Engineering Geology
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    • v.6 no.3
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    • pp.137-153
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    • 1996
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibilities of identifying and detecting underground cavities using seismic waves recorded by the fixed and mobile stations. During 18 months of field work we recorded chemical explosions near the Bongdarn station. Seismic Stations were installed on the free surface and underground inside the Samba mine. The seismograms at the fixed(lorg-term) seismic station show abrupt change of polarization characteristics which can he associated with the appearance of P-to-S converted phase(PS) at 150 ~ 200 msec after the first P arrival. This result indicates that converted phases are generated very near to the Bongdarn station at a depth of 190m. Shear-wave splitting phenomena have also been observeci The time delay between fast shear(fS) and slow shear(sS) waves ranges between 30 and 60 msec(average is 42 msec). However, exact time delay between the fast and the slow shear waves can not be accurately measured because of the very short time delay and limitation of sampling rate. Chemical explosion experiments were recorded at stations along various paths to contrast the seismic response of areas with and without cavities. The seismograms recorded at the stations installed at cavity areas show an abrupt change of polarization characteristics but not on the other stations. Seismic waves propagating through the cavity are characterized by the attenuation of high frequency waves and predominantly low frequency seismic waves after the S wave arrivals.

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Bilateral retinoblastoma: Long-term follow-up results from a single institution (단일기관의 장기추적 결과)

  • Choi, Sang Yul;Kim, Dong Hwan;Lee, Kang Min;Lee, Hyun Jae;Kim, Mi-Sook;Lee, Tai-Won;Choi, Sang Wook;Kim, Dong Ho;Park, Kyung Duk;Lee, Jun Ah
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.52 no.6
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    • pp.674-679
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    • 2009
  • Purpose : The authors aimed to analyze the long-term effects of treatments, especially external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), in bilateral retinoblastoma patients. Methods : This retrospective study analyzed the medical records of 22 bilateral retinoblastoma patients who were registered between October, 1987 and October, 1998 and followed-up for more than 10 years. They were treated by enucleation, EBRT, and systemic chemotherapy. Age at diagnosis, sex, delay prior to treatment, Reese-Ellsworth (RE) classification, and the local treatment modalities were analyzed in relation to recurrence-free survival (RFS) and complications. Results : Median age at diagnosis was 7.0 months (range 1.7-31.6 months). Leukocoria was the most common presenting feature. Two patients had a familial history. The RE classifications of the 44 eyes were group II in 4, III in 14, IV in 4, and V in 22. At the end of a median follow-up period of 141 months (range 55-218 months), 20 patients were alive. The 10-year ocular survival rate of the 44 eyes was $56.8{\pm}7.5%$. The 10-year RFS and ocular survival rate of the 29 eyes treated by combined EBRT and chemotherapy were 75.9% and 86.2%, respectively. Treatment delay (>3 months) was found to be related to higher risk of recurrence. Complications after EBRT were cataract, retinal detachment, phthisis bulbi, and facial asymmetry. No patient developed a second malignancy during the follow-up period. Conclusion : Early detection and prompt treatment can increase ocular survival rates. In addition, careful attention should be paid to possible long-term sequelae in these patients.

Concepts Analysis of Ethical Dilemma (윤리적 딜레마에 대한 개념 분석)

  • Kim, Mi-Ye;Park, Hyun-Ju
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.185-194
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    • 2005
  • Purpose: Although ethical dilemma is important concept in nursing and many research is accomplished, some difference in defining ethical dilemma among researchers. Therefore the purpose of this analysis was to correct understanding and using about ethical dilemma by clarify the attributes of ethical dilemma. Method: The concept analysis model suggested by Walker and Avant(1988) is used to clarify what is meant by the term 'ethical dilemma'. Results: The defining attributes of ethical dilemma identified in this study were as follows. First, It is simultaneously occurrence that above two conflictive ethical alternatives. Second, It is ought to choose one of the above two conflictive ethical alternatives. Third, It is difficult to compare with two alternatives. Fourth, It is cannot delay the choices. Fifth, It is cannot do satisfactory resolution. Six, It is broken out fix, loss or feeling of powerlessness to an individual. Conclusion: In this study, a concept analysis of ethical dilemma was performed to more clearly understand ethical dilemma. It is hoped that this analysis will stimulate further study for developing strategies for prevention of nurses' ethical dilemma.

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Corticosteroid-induced Avascular Necrosis of Talus after Cardiac Transplantation (심장이식 후 부신피질호르몬 투여로 인한 거골의 무혈성 괴사 - 1예 보고 -)

  • Park, Hong-Gi;Eom, Gi-Serk
    • Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.83-86
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    • 2000
  • A vascular necrosis of the talus has frequently been reported following trauma because talus has no muscle insertions, sixty percent of the surface of the talus is covered by hyaline cartilage, takes only a small area for entrance of a blood supply. Osteonecrosis is also associated with a variety of nontraumatic disorders. There are many indications for steroid usage, patient with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and status- post renal or cardiac transplantation may be on long- term steroid usage, osteonecrosis may develop. A vascular necrosis of the talus secondary to chronic steroid usage is an unusual case. Delay in detection of osteonecrosis may lead to fragmentation and collapse of the talar body. When pain on range of motion is present and conservative treatment have been exhausted, surgical treatment is indicated, that is, fusion of the ankle joint. However it is important that conservative treatment may prevent its various sequelae with early diagnosis because steroid - treated patients have a more operative risk and increased risk for postoperative infection. We report a rare case of corticosteroid induced avascular necrosis of talus after cardiac transplantation.

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Preliminary Study of Deep Learning-based Precipitation

  • Kim, Hee-Un;Bae, Tae-Suk
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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    • v.35 no.5
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    • pp.423-430
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    • 2017
  • Recently, data analysis research has been carried out using the deep learning technique in various fields such as image interpretation and/or classification. Various types of algorithms are being developed for many applications. In this paper, we propose a precipitation prediction algorithm based on deep learning with high accuracy in order to take care of the possible severe damage caused by climate change. Since the geographical and seasonal characteristics of Korea are clearly distinct, the meteorological factors have repetitive patterns in a time series. Since the LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) is a powerful algorithm for consecutive data, it was used to predict precipitation in this study. For the numerical test, we calculated the PWV (Precipitable Water Vapor) based on the tropospheric delay of the GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) signals, and then applied the deep learning technique to the precipitation prediction. The GNSS data was processed by scientific software with the troposphere model of Saastamoinen and the Niell mapping function. The RMSE (Root Mean Squared Error) of the precipitation prediction based on LSTM performs better than that of ANN (Artificial Neural Network). By adding GNSS-based PWV as a feature, the over-fitting that is a latent problem of deep learning was prevented considerably as discussed in this study.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Diagnosis and differential diagnosis

  • Kim, Ki-Hwan;Kim, Dong-Soo
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.53 no.11
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    • pp.931-935
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    • 2010
  • Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is comprised of a heterogeneous group of several disease subtypes that are characterized by the onset of arthritis before the age of 16 years and has symptoms lasting at least 6 weeks. The previous classification of JIA included seven different categories, whereas its current classification was compiled by the International League of the Association for Rheumatology, and replaced the previous terms of "juvenile chronic arthritis" and "juvenile rheumatoid arthritis," which were used in Europe or North America, respectively, with the single nomenclature of JIA. As mentioned above, JIA is defined as arthritis of unknown etiology that manifests itself before the age of 16 years and persists for at least 6 weeks, while excluding other known conditions. The clinical symptoms of JIA can be quite variable. Several symptoms that are characteristic of arthritis are not necessarily diagnostic of JIA and may have multiple etiologies that can be differentiated with careful examination of patient history. The disease may develop over days or sometimes weeks, thereby making the diagnosis difficult at the time of presentation. To make a clinical diagnosis of JIA, the first step is to exclude arthritis with known etiologies. Of note, late treatment due to excessive delay of diagnosis can cause severe damage to joints and other organs and impair skeletal maturation. Therefore, early detection of JIA is critical to ensure prompt treatment and to prevent long-term complications including the likelihood of disability in childhood.

Quality-Oriented Video Delivery over LTE

  • Pande, Amit;Ramamurthi, Vishwanath;Mohapatra, Prasant
    • Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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    • v.7 no.3
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    • pp.168-176
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    • 2013
  • Long-term evolution (LTE) is emerging as a major candidate for 4G cellular networks to satisfy the increasing demands for mobile broadband services, particularly multimedia delivery. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology combined with orthogonal frequency division multiple access and more efficient modulation/coding schemes (MCS) are key physical layer technologies in LTE networks. However, in order to fully utilize the benefits of the advances in physical layer technologies, the MIMO configuration and MCS need to be dynamically adjusted to derive the promised gains of 4G at the application level. This paper provides a performance evaluation of video traffic with variations in the physical layer transmission parameters to suit the varying channel conditions. A quantitative analysis is provided using the perceived video quality as a video quality measure (evaluated using no-reference blocking and blurring metrics), as well as transmission delay. Experiments are performed to measure the performance with changes in modulation and code rates in poor and good channel conditions. We discuss how an adaptive scheme can optimize the performance over a varying channel.

Endodontic Drainage in Delayed Replantation after Prolonged Extra-alveolar Period of the Avulsed Teeth: Report of a Case (외상 후 오랜 시간 지체된 탈락 치아 재식술 시행 시 근관 통한 배농: 증례보고)

  • Yoo, Jae-Ha;Kim, Jong-Bae;Son, Jeong-Seog
    • Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.280-285
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    • 2012
  • From the standpoint of general guidelines of a dentist, the following conditions should be considered before replanting a permanent tooth. The avulsed tooth should be without advanced periodontal disease. The alveolar socket should be reasonably intact in order to provide a seat for the avulsed tooth. The extra-alveolar period should be considered, i.e. periods exceeding. 2 hours are usually associated with marked root resorption. But, the above mentioned regulations are often difficult to keep in the actual situation of the medical emergency room, owing it to the delay of primary medical care in multiple trauma patients. The successful cases have been reported with minimal root resorption in the long-term periods, in spite of extra-alveolar periods of several hours and combined alveolar bone fracture. This is a case report regarding the effect of endodontic drainage in delayed replantation after a prolonged extra-alveolar period of the avulsed teeth with alveolar bone fracture.

An Improved Packet Scheduling Algorithm for DSCH of UMTS (UMTS의 DSCH를 위한 개선된 패킷 스케줄링 알고리즘)

  • Cho Hyunjoon
    • The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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    • v.11C no.6 s.95
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    • pp.863-870
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    • 2004
  • UMTS(Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) is recently recognized as a standard for 3rd generation of wireless networks and DSCH(Down-link Shared Chanel) is considered as a very effective multiplexing method in UMTS. So, it is inevitable to develope an effective packet scheduling algorithms for DSCH in UMTS. This paper describes an improved packet scheduling algorithm for DSCH of UMTS. The algorithm takes consideration in channel state for each mobile terminal to maximize link utilization, delay threshold for class 3 traffic and throughput for class 4 to get long term fairness. To verify the algorithm, we programmed a simulator using PARSEC simulation tool and got some simulation results by it. The simulation results show that the algorithm has reasonable characteristics in both of link utilization and fair-ness by trade-off.

A Study of Risk Analysis on Apartment Reconstruction Projects (공동주택 재건축사업의 리스크 분석에 관한 연구)

  • Lee Lo-Na;Woo Kwang-Min;Lee Hak-Ki
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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    • 2004.11a
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    • pp.232-235
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    • 2004
  • The apartment reconstruction project is making some problems, such as delay of lack specialty, conflict between project owners and cost increasing etc. The enforcement process of project are very complicated, the term of project is long and too many project owners are participating. For this reasons. it is always in the face of uncertainty. To promote the reconstructing project successfully. we need to make risk management process to get rid of uncertain factors which occur in forwarding the reconstructing project This study has for its objects. First, suggest the best way of risk analysis to manage risk factors systematically and efficiently recognized in The Apartment reconstruction protect. Second, furnish basic data to build the risk managing system of The apartment reconstructing project.

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