• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.5 no.9
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• pp.841-850
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• 2004

In this paper under the distributed system for efficient distribution resource to system's each node must be designed to get right decision making. Thus we considered computing time to estimate fault such as delay on communication network, communication period and other decision making. Aiso, using direct communitation mode improve the availity of total system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2009.05b
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• pp.185-188
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• 2009

Recently clients requirements and social requirements are complex and large sized in construction projects. Futhermore, processes and steps are more complexed than before. Unsuitable reflection of clients brings mistaken opinions. A phase of middle change makes delay and change. It brings problems of waste expense and time. 80, first stage of planning and schematic design processes have to reflect of clients opinion actively. by increasing of constructions project competitiveness. Recently, BIM(Building Information Modeling is being researched frequently. Through visualization of information proceed step by step and it helps cognition of adapting information. 80, this paper finds and suggests solution of reflecting clients opinion and requirements and non professional clients and positively support of client participation watching based on BIM.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Dental Administration
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2022

This study introduces research on the quality of medical services, optimization of medical services, dental medical services, implant medical services, and time schedules, as well as the effective process of dental implant medical services, which is expensive and requires a long treatment period. For improvement, it is suggested to evaluate using a time schedule. In this method, a time schedule is prepared in which each step, starting from the patients appointment until the completion of the treatment process, is allotted a certain time. This schedule was finalized in consultation with the employees. When performing all implant operations, the starting time of each item was checked to evaluate the degree of compliance and to understand any reasons for delay in each step. After identifying the causes for delay at each step, suitable steps to rectify the drawbacks were developed, and an optimal plan for patient management was determined. Changes in waiting time and human resource utilization were shown as concrete data, suggesting that such a schedule is meaningful as a decision-making support tool.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.91-106
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• 1996

This paper deals with on the efficiency questions of the left-turn prohibit at an isolated intersection and a corridor with 5-phase signal system. Its objectives are three-fold ; (1) to analyze the efficiency of the left-turn prohibit with the use of an imaginary network, (2) to evaluate various factors under consideration in decision making on the left-turn prohibit, (3) to provide a framework for estimating and evaluating overall impacts of the left-turn prohibit in traffic network. the major findings using an imaginary network and computer packages such as MINUTP, TRANSYT-7F and STATGRAPH are followings. First, left-turn prohibit reduces cycle length by 33 seconds and delay time per vehicle by 36 seconds at an isolated intersection, and cycle length by 31 seconds and delay time per veicle by 43 seconds along a corridor. Second, total vehicle mile of travel and total travel time at an isolated intersection seem up to increase 38.85 miles(57.36km), 14.4 hour on the average, Regarding to a corridor, total vehicle mile of travel is increased by 50.14 miles(80.22km), but total travel time is decreased by129.9 hours. Third, the efficiency of left-turn prohibit are affected the following eight factors including left-turn volume(veh/hr) and ratio(%), average delay time per vehicle(sec/veh) and others. Finally, several simple and multiple regression models to evaluate the impacts on the left-turn prohibit are formulated from the above eight factors. It can be expected that these models will take an important role in decision-making of left-turn prohibit.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.133-160
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of the delay reasons in consumer decision making on experienced emotion and shopping mall satisfaction under the Internet shopping environment. A survey was conducted for this study and 500 answer sheets were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results are as follows: First, performance risk, financial risk, and social risk significantly have a positive effect on negative emotions for Internet shopping. Second, performance risk has a significant negative effect on positive emotions for Internet shopping. Third, social risk and procedural uncertainty significantly have a positive effect on positive emotions and this shows these reasons are related to pleasure and fun. Forth, needs uncertainty has a negative effect on negative emotions for Internet shopping. Finally, positive and negative emotions that consumer experienced for Internet shopping affect Internet shopping mall satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.698-707
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• 2019

The removal of oil spilled by the sinking of a foreign ship in Korea's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) began in May 2019 four years after the ship sunk near Jeju Island. The cleanup was conducted by a foreign company that was contracted to the ship-owner's protection & indemnity (P&I) insurance company. In contrast to the time taken to begin the cleanup, the operation itself was completed in just 22days. Compared to similar cases, the decision to begin the removal was a delayed one. This study analyzes all 93 documents related to the ship's sinking and the eventual cleanup, confirming delays in administrative decision-making on the removal, and identifies factors that influenced this delay. These factors include a neglect of accident-related data verification, and other, legal, technical, environmental, and human aspects. Finally, this study suggests ways to improve decision-making efficiency. As the first study dealing with the cleanup in the EEZ, this research is expected to facilitate decision-making and influence the formulation of policies in the future.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.83-94
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• 2017

In this study, we figured out that music modes and item types could affect people's urged decision making through a k-value which results from a delay discounting's hyperbolic function. Generally, high k-value is related to impulsive decision making. Concretely, there was a significant interaction between items and music. For the luxury item, the k-value was higher while listening to major music than minor. However, for the non-luxury item condition the k-value difference was not significant between two pieces of music. Moreover, we expected mood could be manipulated after listening to the music and mediate a difference of tendency. We used first movement as an allegro and second as an andante of Mozart piano concerto No.5 D-major and No.20 D-minor for stimuli. As a result, mode and tempo's main effects were not significant. Nevertheless, there was a significant two-way interaction. To put it concretely, the k-value of major condition was marginally higher than minor condition on allegro. However, the k-value of major condition was significantly lower than minor condition on andante. Also, depressed degree difference was significant but it was not significant as a mediator. Set depressed degree as a predict variable and future time span as a mediator, further research found future time perception partially mediated the effect that depressed degree affects impulsivity.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.109-119
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• 2014

PURPOSES : The control delay in seconds per vehicle is the most important traffic operational index to evaluate the level of service of signalized intersections. Thus, it is very critical to calculate accurate control delay because it is used as a basic quantitative evidence for decision makings regarding to investments on traffic facilities. The control delay consists of time-in-queue delay, acceleration delay, and deceleration delay so that it is technically difficult to directly measure it from fields. Thus, diverse analysis tools, including CORSIM, SYNCHRO, T7F, VISTRO, etc. have been utilized so far. However, each analysis tool may use a unique methodology in calculating control delays. Therefore, the estimated values of control delays may be different by the selection of an analysis tool, which has provided difficulties to traffic engineers in making solid judgments. METHODS : This study was initiated to verify the feasibility of diverse analysis tools, including HCM methodology, CORSIM, SYNCHRO, T7F, VISTRO, in calculating control delays by comparing estimated control delays with that measured from a field. RESULTS : As a result, the selected tools produced quite different values of control delay. In addition, the control delay value estimated using a calibrated CORSIM model was closest to that measured from the field. CONCLUSIONS : First, through the in-depth experiment, it was explicitly verified that the estimated values of control delay may depend on the selection of an analysis tool. Second, among the diverse tools, the value of control delay estimated using the calibrated microscopic traffic simulation model was most close to that measured from the field. Conclusively, analysts should take into account the variability of control delay values according to the selection of a tool in the case of signalized intersection analysis.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.120-129
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• 2016

The user cost is an important analysis item which should be considered together with life-cycle of facility, administrator cost and discount rate in LCCA for efficient asset management of SOC facilities. Especially, a significant delay cost occurs often for users in the road field due to a work zone for cleaning and maintenance, and in such case, the administrator should consider the administrator cost as well as the user cost for more rational decision making. However, the user cost has not been considered in most decision making steps until recently and relevant studies also have not been carried out actively. In this study, the methodology to estimate the user cost and delay cost required in the decision making step using the traffic flow model and the direct benefit estimation model in the traffic facility investment evaluation guideline is suggested. And, the traffic flow model was estimated on 4 national highway sections where maintenance was actually carried out in 2014 using VISSIM and, the user cost and the delay cost were estimated based on the suggested methodology. The analysis result showed that the average user cost of $17,569,000KRW/km{\times}day$ occurred on Section A with approximately 30,000 AADT before a work zone occurred, and in case the first lane was blocked for maintenance, the delay cost of $10,193,000KRW/km{\times}day$ (158%) on average occurred additionally. The delay cost of $1,507,000KRW/km{\times}day$ (115%) and $1,985,000KRW/km{\times}day$ (119%) occurred on Sections B and D with approximately 20,000 AADT respectively and the delay cost of $262,000KRW/km{\times}day$ (105%) occurred on Section C with approximately 10,000 AADT. This result of this study was estimated based on the simulation of traffic flow model so that there is a limitation in its actual application. A study ot develop a highly appropriate model using actual observation data and improve the possibility to apply it through the verification using the simulation will be necessary in future.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2020.12a
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• pp.50-59
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• 2020

The 21st century is witnessing a rapid growth of tall buildings in urban centers globally to create more urban space for an anticipated urban population. Tall buildings, however suffer from incessant delays and sometimes total abandonment. Consequently, this study investigated and ranked the causes of delay in tall building projects, while focusing on the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Initially, 36 common delay causes investigated globally were categorized into 9 groups, and then further ranked utilizing the Relative Importance Index (RII) through a questionnaire survey. Tall building professionals in the GCC countries (Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman and Qatar) were contacted. The respondents' categories include Consultants, Contractors, and Clients' Representatives/Facility Managers. The results reveal that the top three causes include "client's cash flow problems/delays in contractor's payment", "contractor's financial difficulties", and "poor site organization and coordination between various parties". The findings from this study could help construction professionals develop guidelines and controls for delay mitigation, as well as support them in risk-based decision making in the planning of tall building projects.