• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.220-224
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• 1991

Six reagents (water, citric acid, phosphoric acid, oxalic acid, acetic anhydride and maleic anhydride) were evaluated for their effectiveness is degumming rice bran oil. All chemical reagents tested were found to be significantly more effective than water in removing phosphatides from crude rice bran oil. Especially acetic anhydride and phosphoric acid were effective in reducing phosphorous levels (92.5% and 93.3% removeal, respectively). Nonhydratable phospholipids, lysophosphatidyl choline, were removed more effectively by the chemical reagents than by the water degumming. The major phospholipid(PL) components were phophatidyl choline. Oleic, linolieic and palmitic acids were the major fatty acids of PL in rice bran acetone insolubles(AI). The AI recovered by acetic anhydride degumming produced the most stable emulsions. However, the AI obtained from phophoric acid or oxalic acid treatments had very poor emulsifying properties.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.249-258
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• 2002

Natural silk is formed by two proteins : the crystalline fibroin (inside the silk thread) and amorphous sericin (as a tube outside the thread). The degumming process is used to eliminate the external sericin prior to dyeing ; generally it makes use of soaps at about pH 10. Sericin is the protein constituent that "gums"together the fibroin filaments of cocoon silk. It constitutes about 25% of the weight of the cocoon, is soluble in hot water and "gels" on cooling. The removal of sericin from raw silk, known as degumming, is a simple but important process usually employing hot dilute soap or alkaline solution and occasionally dilute acids or enzymic methods. During degumming, alkali is taken up by the sericin and the free acid from the soap is formed ; this may be deposited on the fiber, reducing the rate of degumming and protecting it from hydrolysis. Alkali is often added to maintain or restore the pH of the baths, but it is rarely used alone, since it leaves the silk rather harsh in handle. If complete sericin removal is required as for printing, sodium carbonate may be added. If the pH of the bath exceeds 11, the fibroin is attacked. Recently, According to the development of electrolysis, we can be obtained the electrolytic reduction water(above pH 11.5) and electrolytic oxidation water (below pH 3). The aim of this work was to study a degumming process using electrolytic water and a possibility of sericin recovery. The new degumming process used electrolytic water operates at $95^\circ{C}$ for 2hr. without any reagents. The wastewater of this process are formed by a solution of sericin in water. This conditions suggest the study of a possible recovery of this protein (sericin) which has an amino acid composition suitable for many used in cosmetics, textile finishing agents, animal feeding, etc. The degumming process using electrolytic water is available to reduce treatment costs and pollute and at the same time to recover sericin.