• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.34 no.3_4
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• pp.341-354
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• 2016

In this paper, the exact formulae for the generalized product degree distance, reciprocal product degree distance and product degree distance of tensor product of a connected graph and the complete multipartite graph with partite sets of sizes m₀, m₁, ⋯ , m_r−1 are obtained.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.12a
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• pp.75-81
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• 2003

In this paper, the study of effects of flow variables on flame structure and NOx emission concentration was performed in co-axial laminar partially premixed methane/air flames. the objectives are to reveal its effect as parameters were varied and to understand the correlation between flame structure and NOx emission characteristics in the reaction zone. equivalence ratio(${\Phi}$), fuel split degree(${\sigma}$), and mixing distance(x/D) were defined as a premixing degree and varied within $1.36{\sim}3.17$(equivalence ratio), $50{\sim}100$(fuel split degree), and $5{\sim}20$(mixing distance). the image of $OH{\ast}$ and $CH{\ast}$, and NOx concentration were obtained with an ICCD camera and a NOx analyzer. additionally the maximum intensity location of $OH{\ast}$ chemiluminescence and $CH{\ast}$ chemiluminescence were measured to compare each flame structures. In conclusion flame structure and NOx emission characteristics were changed from diffused to premixed flame when mixing degree was on the increase. the main effect on flame structure and NOx production was at first equivalence ratio(${\Phi}$), and next fuel split degree(${\sigma}$), and finally mixing distance(x/D).

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.94-94
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to identify the principal factor controlling transverse residual stress at the weldment for joining unit hull blocks. In order to do it, the comprehensive FE analyses were carried out to evaluate the effect of distance between fillet and butt weldments, in-plane and out-of-plane restraint degree on the amount and distribution of transverse residual stress in way of the weldments between unit hull blocks. In accordance with FEA results, principal factor controlling the amount of transverse residual stress at the weldments was identified as in-plane restraint degree of butt weldment for unit blocks. The effect of other variables on the transverse residual stress was very small relatively. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the proper distance between fillet weldment for stiffener and butt weldment for joining unit blocks should be determined in consideration of in-plane restraint intensity of butt weldments.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.101-111
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• 1994

This study deals with the degree of enclosure on the Court Space in 'Suh-Won' that has warious perceptual composition elements. 1. The size of Court Space in which we can read the complexion of others and easily understand every behavior of them is similar to that of the 'Madang' in the Korean traditional houses. 2. The angles of elevation are within the range of suitable enclosure as going from the center of the court Space to 'Kang-Dang' and the space -from the center of the Court Space to 'Kang-Dang'- is restricted and surrounded. It is also within the range of the least enclosure as going from the center of the Court Space to the 'Mun-Ru'. 3. The degrees of enclosure based on the horizontal angle are within the degree we can perceive the objects of structure easily. 4. The degree of enclosure based on the ratio D/H is increased as approaching from 'Mun-Ru' to 'Kang-Dang'. The distance as approaching from 'Mun-Ru' to 'Kang-Dang' is changed from social distance to personal distance. To conclude this the Court Space in 'Suh-Won' represents the hierarchical system with variety and the degree of enclosure and the size of space are within the range of human scale.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.273-279
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• 2004

Recently, newly developed single high-intensity LED curing lights for composite resins are claimed to have a higher intensity than previous LED curing lights and to results in optimal properties and short curing time. The purpose of this study was to determine the curing effectiveness of the curing units and to evaluate the relationship between the degree of polymerization and distance from curing light tip end to resin surface. One composite resin was tested(Filtek Z250). Thin film specimens were cured with a LED curing unit(Elipar Freelight 2, 10s), Plasma Arc curing unit(Flipo, 6s), Halogen curing light(XL3000, 20s) at four curing light tip to the resin surface(0mm, 2mm, 4mm, 6mm). Degree of conversion of composite resins were determined by a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer(FTIR). From the present study, the following results were obtained. 1. In all curing units, relative light intensity was significantly decreased according to the increase of distance of light tip to the resin surface(p<0.05). LED curing units showed a higher percentile decrease in intensity than other curing units. 2. In all curing units, degree of conversion was decreased as increase of the distance but no statistically significant difference(p>0.05) except between 4mm and 6mm(p<0.05). 3. When comparing degree of conversion of light curing units at each distance(0mm, 2mm, 4mm, 6mm), LED curing light had a higher degree of conversion than plasma arc and halogen curing lights at 0, 2, 4mm(p<0.05). At 6mm, there was a no significant difference among the curing units(p>0.05).

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.137-146
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• 2005

In parametric approach to a signature verification, it generally uses so many redundant features unsuitable for each individual signature that it causes harm, instead. This paper proposes a method of determining personalized weights of a feature set in signature verification with parametric approach by identifying the characteristics of each feature. For an individual signature, we define a degree of how difficult it is for any other person to forge the one's (called 'DFD' as the Degree of Forgery Difficulty). According to the statistical characteristics and the intuitional characteristics of each feature, the standard features are classified into four types. Four types of DFD functions are defined and applied into the distance calculation as a personalized weight factor. Using this method, the error rate of signature verification is reduced and the variation of the performance is less sensitive to the changes of decision threshold.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.661-670
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• 2010

Although many studies have suggested that introducing the distance learning method, including Web-based learning, to a practice class is effective, studies applying the distance learning method to subjects who are practicing cooking are rare. The purpose of this study was to determine the perception of the distance learning method, the degree of computer use, and the use of distance learning by college students with cuisine-related majors to practice cooking. The results showed that most students used the distance learning method, and that the method was positively perceived, as it was a great aid in learning. Most of the cooking information was obtained through the internet, and the most effective learning media for practicing cooking was "e-learning" using a computer. The most effective learning method for those who were practicing cooking was a "face-to-face learning method", because face-to-face type of teaching and learning was most universally recognized. Most of the students surveyed responded that using the distance learning method was a positive experience, indicating that cyber lectures could be applied at more universities for subjects practicing cooking.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.390-395
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• 1994

The author evaluated the nasal asymmetry after primary operations in the patients with unilateral cleft lip using full face photographs. The results are as follows : 1. Nasal deviation angle is average 2.98+3.01 degree(ranged from 0 to 10 degree), significantly different from control group(p<0.05). 2. Nasal deviation angle is average 5.1% when inter-medial canthal distance is 100%, significantly different from control group(p<0.05). 3. Difference in nostril size between cleft and noncleft side is 2.1% when inter-medial canthal distance is 100%, significantly different from control group(p<0.05). 4. Nasal attractiveness analysis shows higher points in difference in nostril size, nasal deviation, nasal form in that order. 5. Nasal asymmetry after primary operations in the patients with unilateral cleft lip using full face photographs is related with Nasal deviation angle, Nasal deviation distance and Difference in nostril size between cleft and noncleft side.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.61-74
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• 2021

Let G = (V, E) be a connected graph. The eccentric connectivity index of G is defined by ��C (G) = ∑u∈V (G) deg(u)e(u), where deg(u) and e(u) denote the degree and eccentricity of the vertex u in G, respectively. In this paper, we introduce a new formulation of ��C that will be called the distance eccentric connectivity index of G and defined by $${\xi}^{De}(G)\;=\;{\sum\limits_{u{\in}V(G)}}\;deg^{De}(u)e(u)$$ where degDe(u) denotes the distance eccentricity degree of the vertex u in G. The aim of this paper is to introduce and study this new topological index. The values of the eccentric connectivity index is calculated for some fundamental graph classes and also for some graph operations. Some inequalities giving upper and lower bounds for this index are obtained.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• summer
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• pp.447-450
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• 2004

This paper proposes remotely sensed image classification method by fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm using average intra-cluster distance. The average intra-cluster distance acquires an average of the vector set belong to each cluster and proportionates to its size and density. We perform classification according to pixel's membership grade by cluster center of fuzzy c-means clustering using the mean-values of training data about each class. Fuzzy c-means algorithm considered membership degree for inter-cluster of each class. And then, we validate degree of overlap between clusters. A pixel which has a high degree of overlap applies to the maximum likelihood classification method. Finally, we decide category by comparing with fuzzy membership degree and likelihood rate. The proposed method is applied to IKONOS remote sensing satellite image for the verifying test.