• Title/Summary/Keyword: degree elevation

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Analysis of the Optimal Degree and Order of Spherical Harmonics for the GNSS Receiver Antenna's PCV Correction (GNSS 수신기 안테나의 PCV 보정 모델 산출을 위한 구면조화함수 최적차수 분석)

  • Kim, Jin Yi;Won, Ji Hye;Park, Kwan Dong;Seo, Seung Woo;Park, Heung Won
    • Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.113-119
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    • 2014
  • The positioning accuracy of GNSS surveys deteriorates due to various error factor, and many users sometimes ignore Phase Center Variation (PCV) of antennas. IGS provides an ANTEX file which contains PCV correction information to correct for PCVs. But it is not directly applicable because PCV correction information is provided at 5-degree intervals in the azimuth and elevation directions for the case of receiver antennas, and at 1-degree intervals in the nadir angle for the case of satellite antennas. So, we devised new and optimal ways of interpolating PCV in any desired line of sight to the GNSS satellite. We used spherical harmonics fitting methods in terms of the azimuth and elevation angle for interpolation, and found an optimal degree and order. It is shown that the best accuracy was obtained from the 8 by 8 spherical harmonics. If one requires lower burden on computing resources, the order and degree less than 8 could produce resonable accuracy except for 1st and 5th order.

Worst-case Guaranteed Scheduling algorithm for HR-WPAN (HR-WPAN을 위한 Worst-case Guaranteed Scheduling algorithm)

  • Kim, Je-Min;Lee, Jong-Kyu
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2007.04a
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    • pp.249-251
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    • 2007
  • The proposed LDS(Link-status Dependent Scheduling) algorithm in HR-WPAN up to now aims at doing only throughput elevation of the whole network, when the crucial DEV(Device) is connected with worst-link relatively, throughput of this DEV becomes aggravation, The proposed the WGS(Worst-case Guaranteed Scheduling) _algorithm in this paper guarantees throughput of the DEV which is connected with worst-link in a certain degree as maintaining throughput of all DEVs identically even if a link-status changes, decreases delay of the whole network more than current LDS algorithm Therefore proposed WGS algorithm in this paper will be useful in case of guaranteeing throughput of a DEV which is connected worst-link in a certain degree in a design of HR-WPAN hereafter.

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A Study on Recognition of the Eroticism in Fashion Advertisement

  • Lim, Mi-Ae;Choi, In-Ryu
    • The International Journal of Costume Culture
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.13-25
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    • 2009
  • This research is progressed to look out for efficient expression-elements of eroticism used in advertisements. Since these expressions of eroticism appealing to sex which is one of the primitive instincts of mankind are increasing in advertisements of cosmetic products which are used more often by recent high-rate-growth and the elevation of living conditions. The most usual expression-elements of eroticism in advertisement are exposure, pose, fashion style, make up, hair style and color. To analyze those expression-elements we made four pieces of fashion advertisement photos with four different types and surveyed both fashion majored students and non-fashion majored students. We applied regression analysis, ANOVA, and frequency analysis to verify the hypothesis. We found that in eroticism, the pose was the most important cognitive feature among the expression-elements and degree of cognition are varied according to major field and sexual interest. As a result, degree of cognition which effected by expression-elements will be varied even in same advertisement. In particular, convincing that the pose was the significant factor of eroticism cognition, expression of eroticism in advertisement would be more diverse and daring.

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A Design of Simple and Precision Direction Finder with a Combination of an Amplitude Measurement and Phase Measurement

  • Lim Joong-Soo
    • International Journal of Contents
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.35-38
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    • 2005
  • This paper describes a design of simple and precision direction finder that can be adapted to shipboard or mobile vehicles used for Electronic support measure, ELINT and radio signal monitoring systems. The direction finding technology has improved with monolithic integrated circuit, linear array antennas, and interferometer. Interferometer uses the phase-comparison principle and has a good direction finding accuracy but it has an ambiguity problem. We suggest a simple ambiguity solver using phase-comparison technology with amplitude-comparison principle. The direction finding device that has been designed by the suggested method has 0.7 degree RMS error in azimuth angle and 0.6 degree RMS error in elevation angle in 0.5 - 2.0 GHz.

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Surgical Experience of Funnel Chest (누두흉의 임상적 고찰)

  • Ahn, Byoung-Hee;Hur, Sun
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.316-324
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    • 1990
  • This study is a review of the early postoperative results in fifteen patients who diagnosed funnel chest and underwent the corrective surgical procedure by the sternal turnover[STO] or the sternocostal elevation[SCE] between January 1988 and February 1990. Thirteen among fifteen patients were male. Early eight patients were corrected by the STO and late seven patients by the SCE. Cosmetic result was excellent in one, fair in five, poor in two patients who received the STO and excellent in all patients corrected by the SCE. This unfavorable postoperative result in the STO group was due to the protrusion of inverted xiphisternal joint, the depression along the rejoined costal cartilages and forward tilting of the distal sternum. The lower vertebral indices measured on the lateral chest film were improved postoperatively from 0.42\ulcorner0.08 to 0.30\ulcorner0.05 in the STO group and from 0.31\ulcorner0.05 to 0.24\ulcorner0.03 in the SCE group. There was significant improvement in lower vertebral index in both groups, but it was difficult to compare the postoperative improvement between groups due to the different preoperative status. In the SCE group, the funnel index and the degree of depression measured on the computed tomography were significantly improved from 5.29\ulcorner1.72 and 3.11\ulcorner0.71 to 2.77\ulcorner0.46 and 1.63\ulcorner0.19[P<0.05], but there was no significant change in the degree of flatness postoperatively. This results suggest that sternocostal elevation is more cosmetic procedure than sternal turnover in children and in young adolescents whose funnel index measured on the computed tomography is low.

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Application of Geographic Database for Prediction of Flood Vulnerable Area (홍수에 의한 침수 취약지역 예측에 관한 연구)

  • Hwang, Yoo-Jeong
    • Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.172-178
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    • 2006
  • There has been tremendous increase of disaster related damages since 1990's. Especially flood occurred in summer season highly populated area has led to demolish a lot of facilities and buildings within a short time period. This is to figure out the way to predict the vulnerable flood inundation area by past records of inundation and and geographic information available. The comparative study on 1998 and 1999 flood inundation area in Munsan and Gokneung river shows that 5 degree of slope and 10 m elevation level are dividing index to draw the vulnerable area. This study is to suggest the relatively easy method to predict flood vulnerable area and to apply the results to prepare for protecting the facilities and the people with other thematic geographic database.

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Prognostic Value of Preoperative Serum Alpha- Fetoprotein Level in Resectable Gastric Cancer (절제 가능한 위암 환자에서 수술 전 혈청 알파태아단백치 측정의 의의)

  • Yu, Wan-Sik;Kim, Tae-Bong
    • Journal of Gastric Cancer
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.33-37
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    • 2003
  • Purpose: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is widely accepted as a useful tumor marker for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinomas. On rare occasions, however, an abnormal elevation of serum AFP also has been reported in an adenocarcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract. We evaluated the influence of preoperative abnormal elevation of serum AFP (AFP positivity) on the prognosis of resectable gastric cancers. Materials and Methods: 812 gastric cancer patients, who were investigated for serum AFP before their operations and who underwent gastric resections with D2 or more extended lymph node dissection, were enrolled in the study. The survival rates were calculated by using the Kaplan-Meier method and were compared by using the log-rank test. A multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Fifty patients ($6.2\%$) were AFP positive (10.1. 4322.6 ng/ml). The survival rate of the AFP positive group was significantly lower than that of the AFP negative group ( $46.6\%\;vs.\;67.0\%$; P=0.0002). The depth of tumor invasion, the degree of regional lymph node metastasis, distant metastases, the TNM stage, the gross type, differentiation, the extent of gastric resection, and the curability of the surgery also significantly influenced survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that the depth of tumor invasion, the degree of regional lymph node metastasis, the curability of the surgery, and AFP positivity were independent prognostic indicators. Conclusion: Preoperative serum AFP can be used as an independent prognostic factor of resectable gastric cancer.

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3-D Topographical Modelling for Effective Application of Digital Photogrammetry (수치사진측량의 효율적 적용을 위한 3차원 지형모델링)

  • Bae, Kyoung-Ho;Yun, Bu-yeol;Shon, Ho-Woong
    • Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.371-376
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    • 2006
  • Digital high resolution cameras are widely available, and are increasingly use in digital close-range photogrammetry. And photogrammetry instruments are developing rapidly and the precision is improving continuously. The building of 3D terrains of high precision are possible and the calculation of the areas or the earthwork volumes have high precision due to the development of the technique of the spatial information system using computer. Using the digital camera which has capacity of keeping numerical value by itself and easy carrying, we analyze the positioning error according to various change of photographing condition. Also we try to find a effective method of acquiring basis data for 3D modeling of high-accuracy in pixel degree through digital close-range photogrammetry with bundle adjustment for digital elevation model generation.

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Investigation Research for Apartment House Lighting Equipment Standard Establishment (공동주택조명 설비 기준 설정을 위한 조사 연구)

  • Kim, Dong-Kwan;Lee, Sun-Hyung;Lee, Kyung-Sup;Kim, Jang-Yuol;Chon, Yeon-Soo;Chung, Hun-Sang
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2001.07a
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    • pp.562-564
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    • 2001
  • Current interior lighting design way that is consisting uniformly by designer's experience or simple capacity calculation diversifies according to standard of living elevation and there is problem that do not reflect been individualising resident's change request in lighting plan, design properly. Therefore, because this resident's request, enough judgment data that is worth reflecting dissatisfaction item in design concretely or standard is not saved up in business post, had gotten into bottleneck at lighting design. Diagnose resident's consciousness and feedback degree about interior lighting to existent apartment complex in this research and examined improvement plan. As a result, in the case of illumination, wanted higher brightness and showed reason that is most Affirmativ about order way of lighting fixtures. The reason is because can select registration nine that want by oneself directly. Plan qualitative elevation of house lighting environment making lighting image which is coincided in our real condition, and is thought to reflect various resident's character, fondness in design and solved dissatis faction.

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Normal Range of Shoulder Motion and Fluoroscopic Analysis of Motion Fraction (정상인의 견관절 운동범위 및 방사선 투시기를 이용한 운동분율측정)

  • Choi Chang-Hyuk;Yun Gi-Hyun
    • Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.221-229
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    • 1998
  • We measured, with manual goniometer, the active and passive arc of motion of the shoulder in 31 healthy male subjects who were right-hand dominant and who ranged in age from twenty to thirty-one years. Among ten directions through the four motion plane, the range of motion on the dominant side were significantly smaller than those on the non-dominant side in the motion of six directions. We also measured the motion fraction of the glenohumeral and scapulothoracic movement using fluoroscope in 30-degree intervals of arm elevation in the scapular plane. The ratio of glenohumeral to scapulothoracic movement(θGH/θST) was 1.6 for the full range of motion in scapular plane. At the lower angles of abduction, scapulothoracic movement was slight compared with glenohumeral movement. The motion fraction of scapulothoracic joint was increased from 60-degree to 150 degree of arm angle especially between 120 to 150 degree. During arm elevation, scapula was also extended from 42 degrees to 20 degrees tilting as well as internal rotation. The measuring technique of glenohumeral to scapulothoracic movement(θGH/θST) with fluoroscopy could be applied to the simple radiographic measurement at the out-patient clinic in order to identify the pathology and recovery of shoulder motion after treatment.

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