• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.9-20
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to find out factors affecting patient moving to receive medical service. This study is analyzed by multi-level model with patient and hospital level by using SAS 9.3. Total number of patients is 600,000 persons for inpatients and 550,000 patients for outpatients. The degree of the factors, which is combined with personnel factor and hospital factor, can be analyzed by Intra-Class Correlation (ICC). The percentage of group(hospital) level variance of the total variance for out-bound moving case are 30.6% at inpatients, and 28.3% at outpatients. And the percentage of hospital level variance of the total variance for moving distance, are 26.7%, 32,5% respectively. Conclusionally, although the main factor of moving is patient level, hospital is also very important factor to make decision to go out-bound. It contributed to about 1/3 for hospital choice. And, when the one make decision, he will consider the hospital type, number of bed, and training institute in hospital level. Through this study to find out hospital factors affecting patient moving for medical service, it must be continued to find out which factors have more influence to choice the hospital among disease type after this.

• BMB Reports
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.319-328
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• 2006

SecA protein, a cytoplasmic ATPase, plays a central role in the secretion of signal peptide-containing proteins. Here, we examined effects of signal peptide and ATP on the oligomerization, conformational change, and membrane binding of SecA. The wild-type (WT) signal peptide from the ribose-binding protein inhibited ATP binding to soluble SecA and stimulated release of ATP already bound to the protein. The signal peptide enhanced the oligomerization of soluble SecA, while ATP induced dissociation of SecA oligomer. Analysis of SecA unfolding with urea or heat revealed that the WT signal peptide induces an open conformation of soluble SecA, while ATP increased the compactness of SecA. We further obtained evidences that the signal peptide-induced oligomerization and the formation of open structure enhance the membrane binding of SecA, whereas ATP inhibits the interaction of soluble SecA with membranes. On the other hand, the complex of membrane-bound SecA and signal peptide was shown to resume nucleotide-binding activity. From these results, we propose that the translocation components affect the degree of oligomerization of soluble SecA, thereby modulating the membrane binding of SecA in early translocation pathway. A possible sequential interaction of SecA with signal peptide, ATP, and cytoplasmic membrane is discussed.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.657-664
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• 2001

선행 논문(제1부)[13]에서는 광 베니언-형 교환 망에 있어 누화를 야기하는 멀티캐스트 접속들간의 관계를 그래프로 표현하고, 해당 그래프의 차수의 상한을 제시하였다. 본 논문(제2부)에서는 교환소자를 달리하는 멀티캐스팅의 스케줄링에서의 라우팅 횟수 즉, 스케줄링 길이에 대해 다룬다. 최적의 스케줄링 길이를 구하는 문제는 NP-complete이므로 최적 길이의 상한의 두 배 이내의 길이를 제공하는 근사 알고리즘을 제시한다. 아울러, 링크를 달리하는(즉, 넌블럭킹) 멀티캐스팅에 관한 스케줄링 길이를 고찰한다. 얻어진 스케줄링 길이 하에서 다양한 넌블럭킹 베니언-형 멀티캐스팅 망들을 규명한다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.54.1-54.1
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• 2011

Formation of self-gravitating gas clouds and hence stars in galaxies is a consequence of both thermal and dynamical evolution of a gaseous medium. Using hydrodynamics simulations including cooling and heating explicitly, we follow simultaneously thermal and dynamical evolution of galactic gas disks to study dynamics and structures of galactic spiral shocks with thermal instability and regulation of the star formation rates (SFRs). We first perform one-dimensional simulations in direction perpendicular to spiral arms. The multiphase gas flows across the arm soon achieve a quasi-steady state characterized by transitions from warm to cold phases at the shock and from cold to warm phases in the postshock expansion zone, producing a substantial fraction of intermediate-temperature gas. Next, we allow a vertical degree of freedom to model vertically stratified disks. The shock front experiences unsteady flapping motions, driving a significant amount of random gas motions, and self-gravity promotes formation of bound clouds inside spiral arms. Finally, we include the star formation feedback in both mechanical (due to supernova explosion) and radiative (due to FUV heating by young stars) forms in the absence of spiral arms. At saturation, gravitationally bound clouds form via thermal and gravitational instabilities, which are compensated by disruption via supernova explosions. We find that the FUV heating regulates the SFRs when gas surface density is low, confirming the prediction of the thermal and dynamical equilibrium model of Ostriker et al. (2010) for star formation regulation.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.1368-1389
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• 2014

Three-dimensional multiple-input multiple-output (3D MIMO) and large-scale MIMO are two promising technologies for upcoming high data rate wireless communications, since the inter-user interference can be reduced by exploiting antenna vertical gain and degree of freedom, respectively. In this paper, we derive the achievable sum rate of 3D MIMO systems employing zero-forcing (ZF) receivers, accounting for log-normal shadowing fading, path-loss and antenna gain. In particular, we consider the prevalent log-normal model and propose a novel closed-form lower bound on the achievable sum rate exploiting elevation features. Using the lower bound as a starting point, we pursue the "large-system" analysis and derive a closed-form expression when the number of antennas grows large for fixed average transmit power and fixed total transmit power schemes. We further model a high-building with several floors. Due to the floor height, different floors correspond to different elevation angles. Therefore, the asymptotic achievable sum rate performances for each floor and the whole building considering the elevation features are analyzed and the effects of tilt angle and user distribution for both horizontal and vertical dimensions are discussed. Finally, the relationship between the achievable sum rate and the number of users is investigated and the optimal number of users to maximize the sum rate performance is determined.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.137-146
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• 2017

For the competitive business environment under purchase dependence, this paper proposes a new approximate calculation of order fill rate which is a probability of satisfying a customer order immediately using the existing inventory. Purchase dependence is different to demand dependence. Purchase dependence treats the purchase behavior of customers, while demand dependence considers demand correlation between items, between regions, or over time. Purchase dependence can be observed in such areas as marketing, manufacturing systems, and distribution systems. Traditional computational methods have a difficulty of the curse of dimensionality for the large cases, when deriving the stationary joint distribution which is utilized to calculate the order fill rate. In order to escape the curse of dimensionality and protect the solution from diverging for the large cases, we develop a greedy iterative search algorithm based on the Gauss-Seidel method. We show that the greedy iterative search algorithm is a dependable algorithm to derive the stationary joint distribution of on-hand inventories in the retailer system by conducting a comparison analysis of a greedy iterative search algorithm with the simulation. In addition, we present some managerial insights such as : (1) The upper bound of order fill rate can be calculated by the one-item pure system, while the lower bound can be provided by the pure system that consists of all items; (2) As the degree of purchase dependence declines while other conditions remain same, it is observed that the difference between the lower and upper bounds reduces, the order fill rate increases, and the order fill rate gets closer to the upper bound.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.435-450
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• 1992

To evaluate the fertilizing capacity of domestic animal spermatozoa by hamster test, semen were collected from 15 boars(Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire) and 2 mixed dogs which had been proved to be fertile in the past then, the semen were preserved in BWW medium at $4^{\circ}C$ or $18^{\circ}C$ for about 20 hours and coincubated with zona-free hamster ova for 5 hours. The ova were stained by lacmoid and examined under phase contrast microscope to investigate the rates of sperm binding to the ova, penetration and formation of a male pronucleus, and the numbers of both bound and penetrated sperm per ovum. Both the semen preserved at $18^{\circ}C$ for about 20 hours and that treated by swim up procedure showed considerably higher rates of sperm binding and penetration as well as higher number of penetrated sperm than that preserved at $4^{\circ}C$ for about 20 hours, respectively(p<0.01). Motility of boar sperm at insemination was from 40 to 90% and no difference in hamster test was obtained according to different degree of sperm motility. Abnormality in morphology of boar sperm at insemination was from 6 to 45% and no difference in hamster test was obtained according to different degree of sperm abnormality. The sperm concentrations of $7{\times}10^7$ and $7{\times}10^6$ showed considerably higher rates of sperm binding and penetration as well as higher number of bound sperm than that of $7{\times}10^4$ (p<0.01) along with the same higher results than that of $7{\times}10^5$(0<0.05), respectively. Boar sperm showed considerably higher rates of sperm binding and penetration as well as higher numbers of both bound and penetrated sperm than dog sperm, when both semen were treated by BWW＋heparin medium and swim up procedure, respectively. These results indicated that fertile boar sperm showed considerably lower rates in the results of hamster test, when preserved at $4^{\circ}C$ for about 20 hours and in lower concentration of sperm than when preserved at $18^{\circ}C$ for about 20 hours and in higher concentration of sperm, respectively, and at the same time considerably higher results than fertile dog sperm, consequently to prove that hamster test would be of great value in assaying the fertilizing capacity of boar sperm.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.195-207
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• 2016

Because the high latitude region in the North Pacific is characterized by high primary production in the surface water enriched with nutrients, it is important to understand the variation of surface water productivity and associated nutrient variability in terms of global carbon cycle. Surface water productivity change or its related nutrient utilization rate during the Northern Hemisphere Glaciation (NHG; ca. 2.73 Ma) has been reported, but little is known about such circumstances under gradual climate cooling since the NHG. Bulk nitrogen isotope (${\delta}^{15}N_{bulk}$) of sedimentary organic matter has been used for the reconstruction of nutrient utilization rate in the surface water. However, sedimentary organic matter experiences diagenesis incessantly during sinking through the water column and after burial within the sediments. Thus, in this study we examine the degree of nitrate utilization rate during the early Pleistocene (2.4-1.25 Ma) since the NHG, using the diatom-bound nitrogen isotope (${\delta}^{15}N_{db}$), which is known to be little influenced by diagenesis, from Site U1343 in the Bering slope area. ${\delta}^{15}N_{db}$ values range from ~0.5 to 5.5‰, which is lower than ${\delta}^{15}N_{bulk}$ values, but they vary with larger amplitude. Variation patterns between ${\delta}^{15}N_{db}$ values and biogenic opal concentration are generally consistent, which indicates that the nitrate utilization rate is closely related to opal productivity change in the surface water. A positive correlation between opal productivity and nitrate utilization rate was observed, which is different from the other high latitude regions in the North Pacific. The main reason for this contrasting relationship is that the primary production in the surface water at Site U1343 is influenced mostly by the degree of sea ice formation. Still, although concerns about diagenetic alteration have been avoided by using ${\delta}^{15}N_{db}$, the effects of the preservation state of biogenic opal and the species-dependent isotopic fractionation on ${\delta}^{15}N_{db}$ should be assessed in the future studies.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.19-28
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• 1989

전통적인 염건숭어알(영암어란)의 제조과정을 체계화하여 숭어알을 염지하고 1.2cm 두께로 정형하여 참기름을 바르면서 풍속 3m / see, 70% R.H., $20^{\circ}C$에서 20일간 건조하여 제조한 감건숭어알(음건품)과 저장하면서 지질을 분획, 구성 지방산을 분석한 결과 지질함량이 40.12%인 감건숭어알의 유리지질은 62mg / 100mg, 결합지질은 36mg / 100mg이었으나 9주째는 20mg / 100mg까지 감소하였다. 이들 유리 및 결합지질을 분획하여 얻은 유리중성지질은 40mg / 100mg으로 최대함량이었으나 9주째는 29mg / 100mg까지 감소하였으며 결합중성지질 및 인지질은 각각 13mg / 100mg, 당지질은 10mg / 100mg이었으며 이들은 저장중 감소하였다. 중성지질을 구성하는 주요한 지방산은 유리중성지질에서 $C_{16:0},\;C_{18:0},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{18:2}$ 및 $C_{20:0}$로 그 합계는 30.05mg / 100mg으로 78.5% 함유되었고 결합중성지절에서는 74.5%를 차지하였다. 또한 불포화도(TUFA/TSFA)는 $1.21{\sim}1.41$로 9주째는 $0.57{\sim}0.61$까지 낮았으며 polyene산비(TPEA/TMEA)는 $0.32{\sim}1.23$이고, 필수지방산 함량(TEFA)은 11.33mg / 100mg에서 9주째는 4.52mg / 100mg까지 감소하였다.

• Composites Research
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.202-208
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• 2017

RTM은 작은 크기에서 큰 크기의 복합재료를 생산할 수 있는 대량 생산 공정이다. 최근 경화 시간이 약 10분 이내인 속경화 수지가 자동차 및 항공우주 산업에 사용되고 있다. 수지의 점도는 경화 정도와 관련이 있으며, 금형 내부로 충진되는 과정에서 급격히 점도가 변할 수 있다. 따라서 속경화 수지의 유동 특성과 경화도를 해석적으로 예측하는 데 많은 노력이 필요하므로 실험적으로 측정하고 평가하는 것이 유리하다. 복합재료의 경화도를 측정하는 방법은 대표적으로 DMA, 유전기법 등이 있다. 본 논문에서는 다채널 경화 모니터링 시스템을 이용하여 속경화 수지의 유동과 경화도를 측정하였다. 총 8채널의 유전센서가 사용되었으며, 다양한 압력 조건에 따른 금형 내부의 유동과 경화도를 측정하고 상호 비교하였다.